CINXE.COM

Innovation News & Breakthroughs | Smithsonian Magazine

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">(()=>{"use strict";var t={455:(t,e,n)=>{n.d(e,{Z:()=>c});var r=n(81),o=n.n(r),i=n(645),a=n.n(i)()(o());a.push([t.id,'div._82u8vq{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background:rgba(0,0,0,.4);z-index:999999}div._82u8vq *{box-sizing:border-box}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g{position:fixed;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%, -50%);display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;min-height:25vh;width:50%;background-color:#fff;border:none;border-radius:1em;box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,.3);text-align:center;font-size:13px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;line-height:2;color:#000}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g *:before,div._82u8vq div.onnj2g *:after{content:"";display:none}@media screen and (max-width: 479px){div._82u8vq div.onnj2g{font-size:13px;width:90%}}@media screen and (min-width: 480px){div._82u8vq div.onnj2g{font-size:14px;width:80%}}@media screen and (min-width: 608px){div._82u8vq div.onnj2g{font-size:14px;width:70%}}@media screen and (min-width: 960px){div._82u8vq div.onnj2g{font-size:16px;width:70%}}@media screen and (min-width: 1200px){div._82u8vq div.onnj2g{font-size:16px;width:840px}}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g header{width:100%;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);border:0;color:inherit;display:block;font-size:1em;font-family:inherit;letter-spacing:normal;margin:0;opacity:1;outline:none;padding:1em 2em;position:static;text-align:center}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g header img{display:inline;margin:0 0 16px 0;padding:0;max-width:240px;max-height:60px}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g header h2{display:block;line-height:1.3;padding:0;font-family:inherit;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:initial;text-align:center;font-size:1.75em;margin:0;color:inherit}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g header h2:not(img+*){margin-top:30px}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g header span._18hdrla{position:absolute;top:0;right:15px;font-size:2em;font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer;color:inherit}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g header span._18hdrla:hover{filter:brightness(115%)}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section{width:100%;margin:0;padding:1em 2em;text-align:center;font-family:inherit;color:inherit;background:rgba(0,0,0,0)}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section p{display:block;margin:0 0 1em 0;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;font-size:1em;font-family:inherit;color:inherit;overflow-wrap:break-word;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:initial}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section p:last-of-type{margin:0 0 1.5em 0}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section._1myx4a0{display:block}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section._1myx4a0._18mgeh5{display:none}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section._1myx4a0 a._1ajq4u1.q1a6v7{color:var(--q1a6v7)}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section._1myx4a0 a._1ajq4u1.d8c6ui{text-decoration:var(--d8c6ui)}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section._1myx4a0 a._1ajq4u1._1bva2lo:visited{color:var(--_1bva2lo)}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section._1myx4a0 div.qcqk63{display:block;margin:.75em;padding:0}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section._1myx4a0 div.qcqk63 p._1jy32sx{max-width:80%;margin:0 auto;padding:0;font-size:.85em;color:inherit;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi{display:block}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi._18mgeh5{display:none}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi h4.vza2sa{color:inherit;text-align:initial;font-weight:normal;font-family:inherit;font-size:1.125em;margin:0 0 .5em .5em}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi div._1n8syyr{display:flex;margin:1.5em 0}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi div._1n8syyr ul._12y6q83{max-height:300px;flex:2;list-style:none;overflow-y:auto;margin:0 1em 0 0;padding-inline-start:0}@media screen and (min-width: 608px){div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi div._1n8syyr ul._12y6q83{flex:1;margin:0 2em 0 0}}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi div._1n8syyr ul._12y6q83 li{padding:.75em;cursor:pointer;background:rgba(0,0,0,.05);font-weight:bold}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi div._1n8syyr ul._12y6q83 li:hover{background:rgba(0,0,0,.075)}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi div._1n8syyr ul._12y6q83 li._2tqkhw{color:var(--_1s2p24r);background:var(--_1u8b67d)}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi div._1n8syyr div._10v9zkx{max-height:300px;overflow-y:auto;flex:3;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;text-align:initial}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi div._1n8syyr div._10v9zkx ol._1dz8w0r{display:none;list-style-type:decimal;text-align:initial;padding:0;margin:0 2em;font-weight:normal}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi div._1n8syyr div._10v9zkx ol._1dz8w0r._2tqkhw{display:block}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi div._1n8syyr div._10v9zkx p{margin:1em 0 0;text-align:inherit;font-style:italic}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g section.mjmqhi button.te00wf{font-size:1em;text-transform:initial}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g button._16i61up{width:auto;height:auto;max-width:90%;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;letter-spacing:normal;margin:.75em;opacity:1;outline:none;overflow-wrap:break-word;font-family:inherit;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:initial;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center;color:#fff;font-size:1.15em;padding:.75em 2em;padding-inline:2em;padding-block:.75em;line-height:normal;background:#40c28a;border:none;border-radius:.25em;box-shadow:none}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g button._16i61up:hover{filter:brightness(115%);box-shadow:none}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g a._1o9k1ce{height:50px;width:50px;position:absolute;bottom:5px;right:5px}div._82u8vq div.onnj2g a._1o9k1ce img{position:initial;height:100%;width:100%;filter:drop-shadow(1px 1px 1px var(--_16xxoaz))}',""]);const c=a},645:t=>{t.exports=function(t){var e=[];return e.toString=function(){return this.map((function(e){var n="",r=void 0!==e[5];return e[4]&&(n+="@supports (".concat(e[4],") {")),e[2]&&(n+="@media ".concat(e[2]," {")),r&&(n+="@layer".concat(e[5].length>0?" ".concat(e[5]):""," {")),n+=t(e),r&&(n+="}"),e[2]&&(n+="}"),e[4]&&(n+="}"),n})).join("")},e.i=function(t,n,r,o,i){"string"==typeof t&&(t=[[null,t,void 0]]);var a={};if(r)for(var c=0;c<this.length;c++){var s=this[c][0];null!=s&&(a[s]=!0)}for(var u=0;u<t.length;u++){var l=[].concat(t[u]);r&&a[l[0]]||(void 0!==i&&(void 0===l[5]||(l[1]="@layer".concat(l[5].length>0?" ".concat(l[5]):""," {").concat(l[1],"}")),l[5]=i),n&&(l[2]?(l[1]="@media ".concat(l[2]," {").concat(l[1],"}"),l[2]=n):l[2]=n),o&&(l[4]?(l[1]="@supports (".concat(l[4],") {").concat(l[1],"}"),l[4]=o):l[4]="".concat(o)),e.push(l))}},e}},81:t=>{t.exports=function(t){return t[1]}},379:t=>{var e=[];function n(t){for(var n=-1,r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].identifier===t){n=r;break}return n}function r(t,r){for(var i={},a=[],c=0;c<t.length;c++){var s=t[c],u=r.base?s[0]+r.base:s[0],l=i[u]||0,d="".concat(u," ").concat(l);i[u]=l+1;var f=n(d),h={css:s[1],media:s[2],sourceMap:s[3],supports:s[4],layer:s[5]};if(-1!==f)e[f].references++,e[f].updater(h);else{var v=o(h,r);r.byIndex=c,e.splice(c,0,{identifier:d,updater:v,references:1})}a.push(d)}return a}function o(t,e){var n=e.domAPI(e);n.update(t);return function(e){if(e){if(e.css===t.css&&e.media===t.media&&e.sourceMap===t.sourceMap&&e.supports===t.supports&&e.layer===t.layer)return;n.update(t=e)}else n.remove()}}t.exports=function(t,o){var i=r(t=t||[],o=o||{});return function(t){t=t||[];for(var a=0;a<i.length;a++){var c=n(i[a]);e[c].references--}for(var s=r(t,o),u=0;u<i.length;u++){var l=n(i[u]);0===e[l].references&&(e[l].updater(),e.splice(l,1))}i=s}}},569:t=>{var e={};t.exports=function(t,n){var r=function(t){if(void 0===e[t]){var n=document.querySelector(t);if(window.HTMLIFrameElement&&n instanceof window.HTMLIFrameElement)try{n=n.contentDocument.head}catch(t){n=null}e[t]=n}return e[t]}(t);if(!r)throw new Error("Couldn't find a style target. This probably means that the value for the 'insert' parameter is invalid.");r.appendChild(n)}},216:t=>{t.exports=function(t){var e=document.createElement("style");return t.setAttributes(e,t.attributes),t.insert(e,t.options),e}},565:(t,e,n)=>{t.exports=function(t){var e=n.nc;e&&t.setAttribute("nonce",e)}},795:t=>{t.exports=function(t){if("undefined"==typeof document)return{update:function(){},remove:function(){}};var e=t.insertStyleElement(t);return{update:function(n){!function(t,e,n){var r="";n.supports&&(r+="@supports (".concat(n.supports,") {")),n.media&&(r+="@media ".concat(n.media," {"));var o=void 0!==n.layer;o&&(r+="@layer".concat(n.layer.length>0?" ".concat(n.layer):""," {")),r+=n.css,o&&(r+="}"),n.media&&(r+="}"),n.supports&&(r+="}");var i=n.sourceMap;i&&"undefined"!=typeof btoa&&(r+="\n/*# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,".concat(btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(i))))," */")),e.styleTagTransform(r,t,e.options)}(e,t,n)},remove:function(){!function(t){if(null===t.parentNode)return!1;t.parentNode.removeChild(t)}(e)}}}},589:t=>{t.exports=function(t,e){if(e.styleSheet)e.styleSheet.cssText=t;else{for(;e.firstChild;)e.removeChild(e.firstChild);e.appendChild(document.createTextNode(t))}}}},e={};function n(r){var o=e[r];if(void 0!==o)return o.exports;var i=e[r]={id:r,exports:{}};return t[r](i,i.exports,n),i.exports}n.n=t=>{var e=t&&t.__esModule?()=>t.default:()=>t;return n.d(e,{a:e}),e},n.d=(t,e)=>{for(var r in e)n.o(e,r)&&!n.o(t,r)&&Object.defineProperty(t,r,{enumerable:!0,get:e[r]})},n.o=(t,e)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,e),n.nc=void 0,(()=>{const t={randomUUID:"undefined"!=typeof crypto&&crypto.randomUUID&&crypto.randomUUID.bind(crypto)};let e;const r=new Uint8Array(16);function o(){if(!e&&(e="undefined"!=typeof crypto&&crypto.getRandomValues&&crypto.getRandomValues.bind(crypto),!e))throw new Error("crypto.getRandomValues() not supported. See https://github.com/uuidjs/uuid#getrandomvalues-not-supported");return e(r)}const i=[];for(let t=0;t<256;++t)i.push((t+256).toString(16).slice(1));function a(t,e=0){return(i[t[e+0]]+i[t[e+1]]+i[t[e+2]]+i[t[e+3]]+"-"+i[t[e+4]]+i[t[e+5]]+"-"+i[t[e+6]]+i[t[e+7]]+"-"+i[t[e+8]]+i[t[e+9]]+"-"+i[t[e+10]]+i[t[e+11]]+i[t[e+12]]+i[t[e+13]]+i[t[e+14]]+i[t[e+15]]).toLowerCase()}const c=function(e,n,r){if(t.randomUUID&&!n&&!e)return t.randomUUID();const i=(e=e||{}).random||(e.rng||o)();if(i[6]=15&i[6]|64,i[8]=63&i[8]|128,n){r=r||0;for(let t=0;t<16;++t)n[r+t]=i[t];return n}return a(i)};var s=n(379),u=n.n(s),l=n(795),d=n.n(l),f=n(569),h=n.n(f),v=n(565),p=n.n(v),m=n(216),y=n.n(m),g=n(589),w=n.n(g),b=n(455),x={};x.styleTagTransform=w(),x.setAttributes=p(),x.insert=h().bind(null,"head"),x.domAPI=d(),x.insertStyleElement=y();u()(b.Z,x);b.Z&&b.Z.locals&&b.Z.locals;function k(t){return k="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t},k(t)}function L(){L=function(){return e};var t,e={},n=Object.prototype,r=n.hasOwnProperty,o=Object.defineProperty||function(t,e,n){t[e]=n.value},i="function"==typeof Symbol?Symbol:{},a=i.iterator||"@@iterator",c=i.asyncIterator||"@@asyncIterator",s=i.toStringTag||"@@toStringTag";function u(t,e,n){return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}),t[e]}try{u({},"")}catch(t){u=function(t,e,n){return t[e]=n}}function l(t,e,n,r){var i=e&&e.prototype instanceof y?e:y,a=Object.create(i.prototype),c=new Y(r||[]);return o(a,"_invoke",{value:A(t,n,c)}),a}function d(t,e,n){try{return{type:"normal",arg:t.call(e,n)}}catch(t){return{type:"throw",arg:t}}}e.wrap=l;var f="suspendedStart",h="suspendedYield",v="executing",p="completed",m={};function y(){}function g(){}function w(){}var b={};u(b,a,(function(){return this}));var x=Object.getPrototypeOf,j=x&&x(x(T([])));j&&j!==n&&r.call(j,a)&&(b=j);var E=w.prototype=y.prototype=Object.create(b);function C(t){["next","throw","return"].forEach((function(e){u(t,e,(function(t){return this._invoke(e,t)}))}))}function S(t,e){function n(o,i,a,c){var s=d(t[o],t,i);if("throw"!==s.type){var u=s.arg,l=u.value;return l&&"object"==k(l)&&r.call(l,"__await")?e.resolve(l.__await).then((function(t){n("next",t,a,c)}),(function(t){n("throw",t,a,c)})):e.resolve(l).then((function(t){u.value=t,a(u)}),(function(t){return n("throw",t,a,c)}))}c(s.arg)}var i;o(this,"_invoke",{value:function(t,r){function o(){return new e((function(e,o){n(t,r,e,o)}))}return i=i?i.then(o,o):o()}})}function A(e,n,r){var o=f;return function(i,a){if(o===v)throw new Error("Generator is already running");if(o===p){if("throw"===i)throw a;return{value:t,done:!0}}for(r.method=i,r.arg=a;;){var c=r.delegate;if(c){var s=I(c,r);if(s){if(s===m)continue;return s}}if("next"===r.method)r.sent=r._sent=r.arg;else if("throw"===r.method){if(o===f)throw o=p,r.arg;r.dispatchException(r.arg)}else"return"===r.method&&r.abrupt("return",r.arg);o=v;var u=d(e,n,r);if("normal"===u.type){if(o=r.done?p:h,u.arg===m)continue;return{value:u.arg,done:r.done}}"throw"===u.type&&(o=p,r.method="throw",r.arg=u.arg)}}}function I(e,n){var r=n.method,o=e.iterator[r];if(o===t)return n.delegate=null,"throw"===r&&e.iterator.return&&(n.method="return",n.arg=t,I(e,n),"throw"===n.method)||"return"!==r&&(n.method="throw",n.arg=new TypeError("The iterator does not provide a '"+r+"' method")),m;var i=d(o,e.iterator,n.arg);if("throw"===i.type)return n.method="throw",n.arg=i.arg,n.delegate=null,m;var a=i.arg;return a?a.done?(n[e.resultName]=a.value,n.next=e.nextLoc,"return"!==n.method&&(n.method="next",n.arg=t),n.delegate=null,m):a:(n.method="throw",n.arg=new TypeError("iterator result is not an object"),n.delegate=null,m)}function q(t){var e={tryLoc:t[0]};1 in t&&(e.catchLoc=t[1]),2 in t&&(e.finallyLoc=t[2],e.afterLoc=t[3]),this.tryEntries.push(e)}function P(t){var e=t.completion||{};e.type="normal",delete e.arg,t.completion=e}function Y(t){this.tryEntries=[{tryLoc:"root"}],t.forEach(q,this),this.reset(!0)}function T(e){if(e||""===e){var n=e[a];if(n)return n.call(e);if("function"==typeof e.next)return e;if(!isNaN(e.length)){var o=-1,i=function n(){for(;++o<e.length;)if(r.call(e,o))return n.value=e[o],n.done=!1,n;return n.value=t,n.done=!0,n};return i.next=i}}throw new TypeError(k(e)+" is not iterable")}return g.prototype=w,o(E,"constructor",{value:w,configurable:!0}),o(w,"constructor",{value:g,configurable:!0}),g.displayName=u(w,s,"GeneratorFunction"),e.isGeneratorFunction=function(t){var e="function"==typeof t&&t.constructor;return!!e&&(e===g||"GeneratorFunction"===(e.displayName||e.name))},e.mark=function(t){return Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t,w):(t.__proto__=w,u(t,s,"GeneratorFunction")),t.prototype=Object.create(E),t},e.awrap=function(t){return{__await:t}},C(S.prototype),u(S.prototype,c,(function(){return this})),e.AsyncIterator=S,e.async=function(t,n,r,o,i){void 0===i&&(i=Promise);var a=new S(l(t,n,r,o),i);return e.isGeneratorFunction(n)?a:a.next().then((function(t){return t.done?t.value:a.next()}))},C(E),u(E,s,"Generator"),u(E,a,(function(){return this})),u(E,"toString",(function(){return"[object Generator]"})),e.keys=function(t){var e=Object(t),n=[];for(var r in e)n.push(r);return n.reverse(),function t(){for(;n.length;){var r=n.pop();if(r in e)return t.value=r,t.done=!1,t}return t.done=!0,t}},e.values=T,Y.prototype={constructor:Y,reset:function(e){if(this.prev=0,this.next=0,this.sent=this._sent=t,this.done=!1,this.delegate=null,this.method="next",this.arg=t,this.tryEntries.forEach(P),!e)for(var n in this)"t"===n.charAt(0)&&r.call(this,n)&&!isNaN(+n.slice(1))&&(this[n]=t)},stop:function(){this.done=!0;var t=this.tryEntries[0].completion;if("throw"===t.type)throw t.arg;return this.rval},dispatchException:function(e){if(this.done)throw e;var n=this;function o(r,o){return c.type="throw",c.arg=e,n.next=r,o&&(n.method="next",n.arg=t),!!o}for(var i=this.tryEntries.length-1;i>=0;--i){var a=this.tryEntries[i],c=a.completion;if("root"===a.tryLoc)return o("end");if(a.tryLoc<=this.prev){var s=r.call(a,"catchLoc"),u=r.call(a,"finallyLoc");if(s&&u){if(this.prev<a.catchLoc)return o(a.catchLoc,!0);if(this.prev<a.finallyLoc)return o(a.finallyLoc)}else if(s){if(this.prev<a.catchLoc)return o(a.catchLoc,!0)}else{if(!u)throw new Error("try statement without catch or finally");if(this.prev<a.finallyLoc)return o(a.finallyLoc)}}}},abrupt:function(t,e){for(var n=this.tryEntries.length-1;n>=0;--n){var o=this.tryEntries[n];if(o.tryLoc<=this.prev&&r.call(o,"finallyLoc")&&this.prev<o.finallyLoc){var i=o;break}}i&&("break"===t||"continue"===t)&&i.tryLoc<=e&&e<=i.finallyLoc&&(i=null);var a=i?i.completion:{};return a.type=t,a.arg=e,i?(this.method="next",this.next=i.finallyLoc,m):this.complete(a)},complete:function(t,e){if("throw"===t.type)throw t.arg;return"break"===t.type||"continue"===t.type?this.next=t.arg:"return"===t.type?(this.rval=this.arg=t.arg,this.method="return",this.next="end"):"normal"===t.type&&e&&(this.next=e),m},finish:function(t){for(var e=this.tryEntries.length-1;e>=0;--e){var n=this.tryEntries[e];if(n.finallyLoc===t)return this.complete(n.completion,n.afterLoc),P(n),m}},catch:function(t){for(var e=this.tryEntries.length-1;e>=0;--e){var n=this.tryEntries[e];if(n.tryLoc===t){var r=n.completion;if("throw"===r.type){var o=r.arg;P(n)}return o}}throw new Error("illegal catch attempt")},delegateYield:function(e,n,r){return this.delegate={iterator:T(e),resultName:n,nextLoc:r},"next"===this.method&&(this.arg=t),m}},e}function j(t,e,n,r,o,i,a){try{var c=t[i](a),s=c.value}catch(t){return void n(t)}c.done?e(s):Promise.resolve(s).then(r,o)}var E="ZnMtYWRiLWVycg",C=function(){var t,e=(t=L().mark((function t(){var e,n,r,o,i;return L().wrap((function(t){for(;;)switch(t.prev=t.next){case 0:if(document.body){t.next=3;break}return t.next=3,new Promise((function(t){return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t)}));case 3:for(e=["YWQ=","YmFubmVyLWFk","YmFubmVyX2Fk","YmFubmVyLWFkLWNvbnRhaW5lcg==","YWQtc2lkZXJhaWw=","c3RpY2t5YWRz","aW1wcnRudC1jbnQ="],(n=document.createElement("div")).textContent=Math.random().toString(),n.setAttribute(atob("ZGF0YS1mcmVlc3Rhci1hZA=="),"123"),r=0;r<e.length;r++)n.classList.add(atob(e[r]));if(n.style.display="block",document.body.appendChild(n),o=window.getComputedStyle(n),i=null==o?void 0:o.display,n.remove(),"none"!==i){t.next=15;break}throw new Error(E);case 15:case"end":return t.stop()}}),t)})),function(){var e=this,n=arguments;return new Promise((function(r,o){var i=t.apply(e,n);function a(t){j(i,r,o,a,c,"next",t)}function c(t){j(i,r,o,a,c,"throw",t)}a(void 0)}))});return function(){return e.apply(this,arguments)}}(),S=function(t){return new Promise((function(e,n){var r=document.createElement("script");try{r.src=t,r.addEventListener("load",(function(){e()})),r.addEventListener("error",(function(){n(E)})),document.head.appendChild(r)}catch(t){n(t)}finally{r.remove()}}))};function A(t){return A="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t},A(t)}function I(){I=function(){return e};var t,e={},n=Object.prototype,r=n.hasOwnProperty,o=Object.defineProperty||function(t,e,n){t[e]=n.value},i="function"==typeof Symbol?Symbol:{},a=i.iterator||"@@iterator",c=i.asyncIterator||"@@asyncIterator",s=i.toStringTag||"@@toStringTag";function u(t,e,n){return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}),t[e]}try{u({},"")}catch(t){u=function(t,e,n){return t[e]=n}}function l(t,e,n,r){var i=e&&e.prototype instanceof y?e:y,a=Object.create(i.prototype),c=new Y(r||[]);return o(a,"_invoke",{value:C(t,n,c)}),a}function d(t,e,n){try{return{type:"normal",arg:t.call(e,n)}}catch(t){return{type:"throw",arg:t}}}e.wrap=l;var f="suspendedStart",h="suspendedYield",v="executing",p="completed",m={};function y(){}function g(){}function w(){}var b={};u(b,a,(function(){return this}));var x=Object.getPrototypeOf,k=x&&x(x(T([])));k&&k!==n&&r.call(k,a)&&(b=k);var L=w.prototype=y.prototype=Object.create(b);function j(t){["next","throw","return"].forEach((function(e){u(t,e,(function(t){return this._invoke(e,t)}))}))}function E(t,e){function n(o,i,a,c){var s=d(t[o],t,i);if("throw"!==s.type){var u=s.arg,l=u.value;return l&&"object"==A(l)&&r.call(l,"__await")?e.resolve(l.__await).then((function(t){n("next",t,a,c)}),(function(t){n("throw",t,a,c)})):e.resolve(l).then((function(t){u.value=t,a(u)}),(function(t){return n("throw",t,a,c)}))}c(s.arg)}var i;o(this,"_invoke",{value:function(t,r){function o(){return new e((function(e,o){n(t,r,e,o)}))}return i=i?i.then(o,o):o()}})}function C(e,n,r){var o=f;return function(i,a){if(o===v)throw new Error("Generator is already running");if(o===p){if("throw"===i)throw a;return{value:t,done:!0}}for(r.method=i,r.arg=a;;){var c=r.delegate;if(c){var s=S(c,r);if(s){if(s===m)continue;return s}}if("next"===r.method)r.sent=r._sent=r.arg;else if("throw"===r.method){if(o===f)throw o=p,r.arg;r.dispatchException(r.arg)}else"return"===r.method&&r.abrupt("return",r.arg);o=v;var u=d(e,n,r);if("normal"===u.type){if(o=r.done?p:h,u.arg===m)continue;return{value:u.arg,done:r.done}}"throw"===u.type&&(o=p,r.method="throw",r.arg=u.arg)}}}function S(e,n){var r=n.method,o=e.iterator[r];if(o===t)return n.delegate=null,"throw"===r&&e.iterator.return&&(n.method="return",n.arg=t,S(e,n),"throw"===n.method)||"return"!==r&&(n.method="throw",n.arg=new TypeError("The iterator does not provide a '"+r+"' method")),m;var i=d(o,e.iterator,n.arg);if("throw"===i.type)return n.method="throw",n.arg=i.arg,n.delegate=null,m;var a=i.arg;return a?a.done?(n[e.resultName]=a.value,n.next=e.nextLoc,"return"!==n.method&&(n.method="next",n.arg=t),n.delegate=null,m):a:(n.method="throw",n.arg=new TypeError("iterator result is not an object"),n.delegate=null,m)}function q(t){var e={tryLoc:t[0]};1 in t&&(e.catchLoc=t[1]),2 in t&&(e.finallyLoc=t[2],e.afterLoc=t[3]),this.tryEntries.push(e)}function P(t){var e=t.completion||{};e.type="normal",delete e.arg,t.completion=e}function Y(t){this.tryEntries=[{tryLoc:"root"}],t.forEach(q,this),this.reset(!0)}function T(e){if(e||""===e){var n=e[a];if(n)return n.call(e);if("function"==typeof e.next)return e;if(!isNaN(e.length)){var o=-1,i=function n(){for(;++o<e.length;)if(r.call(e,o))return n.value=e[o],n.done=!1,n;return n.value=t,n.done=!0,n};return i.next=i}}throw new TypeError(A(e)+" is not iterable")}return g.prototype=w,o(L,"constructor",{value:w,configurable:!0}),o(w,"constructor",{value:g,configurable:!0}),g.displayName=u(w,s,"GeneratorFunction"),e.isGeneratorFunction=function(t){var e="function"==typeof t&&t.constructor;return!!e&&(e===g||"GeneratorFunction"===(e.displayName||e.name))},e.mark=function(t){return Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t,w):(t.__proto__=w,u(t,s,"GeneratorFunction")),t.prototype=Object.create(L),t},e.awrap=function(t){return{__await:t}},j(E.prototype),u(E.prototype,c,(function(){return this})),e.AsyncIterator=E,e.async=function(t,n,r,o,i){void 0===i&&(i=Promise);var a=new E(l(t,n,r,o),i);return e.isGeneratorFunction(n)?a:a.next().then((function(t){return t.done?t.value:a.next()}))},j(L),u(L,s,"Generator"),u(L,a,(function(){return this})),u(L,"toString",(function(){return"[object Generator]"})),e.keys=function(t){var e=Object(t),n=[];for(var r in e)n.push(r);return n.reverse(),function t(){for(;n.length;){var r=n.pop();if(r in e)return t.value=r,t.done=!1,t}return t.done=!0,t}},e.values=T,Y.prototype={constructor:Y,reset:function(e){if(this.prev=0,this.next=0,this.sent=this._sent=t,this.done=!1,this.delegate=null,this.method="next",this.arg=t,this.tryEntries.forEach(P),!e)for(var n in this)"t"===n.charAt(0)&&r.call(this,n)&&!isNaN(+n.slice(1))&&(this[n]=t)},stop:function(){this.done=!0;var t=this.tryEntries[0].completion;if("throw"===t.type)throw t.arg;return this.rval},dispatchException:function(e){if(this.done)throw e;var n=this;function o(r,o){return c.type="throw",c.arg=e,n.next=r,o&&(n.method="next",n.arg=t),!!o}for(var i=this.tryEntries.length-1;i>=0;--i){var a=this.tryEntries[i],c=a.completion;if("root"===a.tryLoc)return o("end");if(a.tryLoc<=this.prev){var s=r.call(a,"catchLoc"),u=r.call(a,"finallyLoc");if(s&&u){if(this.prev<a.catchLoc)return o(a.catchLoc,!0);if(this.prev<a.finallyLoc)return o(a.finallyLoc)}else if(s){if(this.prev<a.catchLoc)return o(a.catchLoc,!0)}else{if(!u)throw new Error("try statement without catch or finally");if(this.prev<a.finallyLoc)return o(a.finallyLoc)}}}},abrupt:function(t,e){for(var n=this.tryEntries.length-1;n>=0;--n){var o=this.tryEntries[n];if(o.tryLoc<=this.prev&&r.call(o,"finallyLoc")&&this.prev<o.finallyLoc){var i=o;break}}i&&("break"===t||"continue"===t)&&i.tryLoc<=e&&e<=i.finallyLoc&&(i=null);var a=i?i.completion:{};return a.type=t,a.arg=e,i?(this.method="next",this.next=i.finallyLoc,m):this.complete(a)},complete:function(t,e){if("throw"===t.type)throw t.arg;return"break"===t.type||"continue"===t.type?this.next=t.arg:"return"===t.type?(this.rval=this.arg=t.arg,this.method="return",this.next="end"):"normal"===t.type&&e&&(this.next=e),m},finish:function(t){for(var e=this.tryEntries.length-1;e>=0;--e){var n=this.tryEntries[e];if(n.finallyLoc===t)return this.complete(n.completion,n.afterLoc),P(n),m}},catch:function(t){for(var e=this.tryEntries.length-1;e>=0;--e){var n=this.tryEntries[e];if(n.tryLoc===t){var r=n.completion;if("throw"===r.type){var o=r.arg;P(n)}return o}}throw new Error("illegal catch attempt")},delegateYield:function(e,n,r){return this.delegate={iterator:T(e),resultName:n,nextLoc:r},"next"===this.method&&(this.arg=t),m}},e}function q(t,e,n,r,o,i,a){try{var c=t[i](a),s=c.value}catch(t){return void n(t)}c.done?e(s):Promise.resolve(s).then(r,o)}function P(t){return function(){var e=this,n=arguments;return new Promise((function(r,o){var i=t.apply(e,n);function a(t){q(i,r,o,a,c,"next",t)}function c(t){q(i,r,o,a,c,"throw",t)}a(void 0)}))}}function Y(t,e){for(var n=0;n<e.length;n++){var r=e[n];r.enumerable=r.enumerable||!1,r.configurable=!0,"value"in r&&(r.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(t,(o=r.key,i=void 0,i=function(t,e){if("object"!==A(t)||null===t)return t;var n=t[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==n){var r=n.call(t,e||"default");if("object"!==A(r))return r;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===e?String:Number)(t)}(o,"string"),"symbol"===A(i)?i:String(i)),r)}var o,i}var T=function(){function t(e){!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,t),this.config=null,this.langCode=null,this.languages=this.getUserPreferredLanguages(e)}var e,n,r,o,i,a;return e=t,n=[{key:"init",value:(a=P(I().mark((function t(){return I().wrap((function(t){for(;;)switch(t.prev=t.next){case 0:return t.next=2,this.fetchConfig();case 2:this.config=t.sent,null!==this.config&&(this.langCode=this.getFirstSupportedLanguage(this.languages),this.observe());case 4:case"end":return t.stop()}}),t,this)}))),function(){return a.apply(this,arguments)})},{key:"fetchConfig",value:(i=P(I().mark((function t(){var e,n,r,o,i,a;return I().wrap((function(t){for(;;)switch(t.prev=t.next){case 0:return n=(e=["Y29uZmlnLmNvbnRlbnQtc2V0dGluZ3MuY29t","Y29uZmlnLnNpdGUtY29uZmlnLmNvbQ==","29uZmlnLmZyZmlndXJlcy5jb20="]).length-1,r=Number.isNaN(Number(localStorage.getItem("fs.cdi")))?0:Number(localStorage.getItem("fs.cdi")),o=Number.isNaN(Number(localStorage.getItem("fs.cfc")))?0:Number(localStorage.getItem("fs.cfc")),i=atob(e[r]),a="https://".concat(i,"/smithsonianmag-com.json"),t.prev=6,t.next=9,fetch(a);case 9:return t.abrupt("return",t.sent.json());case 12:return t.prev=12,t.t0=t.catch(6),++o>=3&&(o=0,r++),r>n&&(r=0),t.abrupt("return",null);case 18:return t.prev=18,localStorage.setItem("fs.cdi",r),localStorage.setItem("fs.cfc",o),t.finish(18);case 22:case"end":return t.stop()}}),t,null,[[6,12,18,22]])}))),function(){return i.apply(this,arguments)})},{key:"killScroll",value:function(t){if(t.isScrollDisabled){this.existingOverflow=document.body.style.overflow,document.body.style.overflow="hidden";var e=window.pageYOffset||document.documentElement.scrollTop,n=window.pageXOffset||document.documentElement.scrollLeft;document.body.style.top="-".concat(e,"px"),document.body.style.left="-".concat(n,"px"),window.onscroll=function(){window.scrollTo(n,e)}}}},{key:"reviveScroll",value:function(){document.body.style.overflow=this.existingOverflow||"",window.onscroll=function(){}}},{key:"getUserPreferredLanguages",value:function(t){var e=t.languages,n=t.language,r=void 0===e?[n]:e;if(r)return r.map((function(t){var e=t.trim().toLowerCase();if(!e.includes("zh"))return e.split(/-|_/)[0];var n=e.split(/-|_/)[1];return"zh"===e||["hans","cn","sg"].includes(n)?"zh":["hant","hk","mo","tw"].includes(n)?"zh-hant":void 0}))}},{key:"getFirstSupportedLanguage",value:function(t){var e=this,n=["title","paragraphOne","buttonText"],r=t.find((function(t){return n.every((function(n){return!!e.config[n][t]}))}));return void 0!==r?r:"en"}},{key:"getLocalizedTextContent",value:function(t,e){var n,r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],o=t[e];if(void 0===o)throw new Error("Config text not found for text key ".concat(e));return r?null!==(n=o[this.langCode])&&void 0!==n?n:o.en:o[this.langCode]}},{key:"getPixelString",value:function(t){return"number"==typeof t?"".concat(t,"px"):null}},{key:"pickContrastingColorValue",value:function(t,e,n){var r=t.substring(1,7);return.299*parseInt(r.substring(0,2),16)+.587*parseInt(r.substring(2,4),16)+.114*parseInt(r.substring(4,6),16)>=128?e:n}},{key:"generateOverlay",value:function(t){var e=this,n=t.siteId,r=t.isCloseEnabled,o=t.dismissDuration,i=t.dismissDurationPv,a=t.logoUrl,c=t.font,s=t.paragraphTwo,u=t.paragraphThree,l=t.closeText,d=t.linkText,f=t.linkUrl,h=t.textColor,v=t.headerTextColor,p=t.buttonTextColor,m=t.headerBgColor,y=t.bgColor,g=t.buttonBgColor,w=t.borderColor,b=t.borderWidth,x=t.borderRadius,k=t.closeButtonColor,L=t.closeTextColor,j=t.linkTextColor,E=t.linkTextDecoration,C=t.linkVisitedTextColor,S=t.hasFsBranding,A=t.disableInstructions,I=document.createElement("div");I.style.setProperty("--_1u8b67d",g||"#40C28A"),I.style.setProperty("--_1s2p24r",p||"#000000"),I.style.setProperty("--_16xxoaz",this.pickContrastingColorValue(y||"#FFFFFF","white","black")),j&&I.style.setProperty("--q1a6v7",j),C&&I.style.setProperty("--_1bva2lo",C),E&&I.style.setProperty("--d8c6ui",E),I.classList.add("_82u8vq"),I.id="_1wcn8h3",I.dir="auto",this.oid=I.id;var q=document.createElement("div");q.classList.add("onnj2g"),y&&(q.style.backgroundColor=y),c&&(q.style.fontFamily=c),h&&(q.style.color=h);var P=this.getPixelString(x),Y=this.getPixelString(b);P&&(q.style.borderRadius=P),(w||Y)&&(q.style.borderStyle="solid"),w&&(q.style.borderColor=w),Y&&(q.style.borderWidth=Y);var T=document.createElement("header");if(v&&(T.style.color=v),m){T.style.backgroundColor=m;var O=P||"1em";T.style.borderTopLeftRadius=O,T.style.borderTopRightRadius=O}if(a){var H=document.createElement("img");H.src=a,H.alt="Logo",H.onerror=function(){this.style.display="none"},T.appendChild(H)}var U=document.createElement("h2");U.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"title"),T.appendChild(U);var _=document.createElement("section");_.classList.add("_1myx4a0");var R=document.createElement("p");if(R.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"paragraphOne"),_.appendChild(R),s&&0!==Object.keys(s).length){var F=document.createElement("p");F.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"paragraphTwo"),_.appendChild(F)}if(u&&0!==Object.keys(u).length){var B=document.createElement("p");B.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"paragraphThree"),_.appendChild(B)}var V=d&&this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"linkText"),z=f&&this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"linkUrl",!0);if(V&&z){var G=document.createElement("div");G.style.margin="0 0 1em";var N=document.createElement("a");N.classList.add("_1ajq4u1"),j&&N.classList.add("q1a6v7"),C&&N.classList.add("_1bva2lo"),E&&N.classList.add("d8c6ui"),N.textContent=V,N.href=z,N.target="_blank",G.appendChild(N),_.appendChild(G)}var Q=document.createElement("button");if(Q.classList.add("_16i61up"),Q.tabIndex=0,Q.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"buttonText"),g&&(Q.style.backgroundColor=g),p&&(Q.style.color=p),Q.onclick=function(){document.querySelector("section._1myx4a0").classList.add("_18mgeh5"),document.querySelector("section.mjmqhi").classList.remove("_18mgeh5")},_.appendChild(Q),r){var D=function(){I.remove(),e.reviveScroll(),o||i?(sessionStorage.removeItem("fs.adb".concat(n||"",".dis")),i?e.updateValues("p"):o&&e.updateValues("dt")):sessionStorage.setItem("fs.adb".concat(n||"",".dis"),"1")},M=document.createElement("span");if(M.classList.add("_18hdrla"),M.innerHTML="&times;",M.tabIndex=0,k&&(M.style.color=k),M.addEventListener("click",D),T.appendChild(M),l&&0!==Object.keys(l).length){var W=document.createElement("div");W.classList.add("qcqk63");var J=document.createElement("p");J.classList.add("_1jy32sx"),J.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"closeText"),L&&(J.style.color=L),J.addEventListener("click",D),W.appendChild(J),_.appendChild(W)}}var Z=document.createElement("section");Z.classList.add("mjmqhi","_18mgeh5");var X=document.createElement("h4");X.classList.add("vza2sa"),X.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"instructionsTitle");var K=document.createElement("div");K.classList.add("_1n8syyr");var $=document.createElement("ul");$.classList.add("_12y6q83");var tt=document.createElement("div");tt.classList.add("_10v9zkx"),A.forEach((function(t,n){var r=document.createElement("li");r.onclick=function(){return function(t){for(var e=document.querySelectorAll("._12y6q83 > li"),n=document.getElementsByClassName("_1dz8w0r"),r=0;r<n.length;r++)e[r].classList.remove("_2tqkhw"),n[r].classList.remove("_2tqkhw");e[t].classList.add("_2tqkhw"),n[t].classList.add("_2tqkhw")}(n)},r.textContent=e.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"name",!0),$.appendChild(r);var o=document.createElement("ol");o.classList.add("_1dz8w0r"),0===n&&(r.classList.add("_2tqkhw"),o.classList.add("_2tqkhw")),e.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"steps").forEach((function(t){var e=document.createElement("li");e.textContent=t,o.appendChild(e)})),tt.appendChild(o)}));var et=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"disclaimerText"),nt=document.createElement("p");nt.textContent=et,tt.appendChild(nt),K.appendChild($),K.appendChild(tt);var rt=document.createElement("button");if(rt.classList.add("_16i61up","te00wf"),rt.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"backButtonText"),g&&(rt.style.backgroundColor=g),p&&(rt.style.color=p),rt.onclick=function(){document.querySelector("section.mjmqhi").classList.add("_18mgeh5"),document.querySelector("section._1myx4a0").classList.remove("_18mgeh5")},Z.appendChild(X),Z.appendChild(K),Z.appendChild(rt),q.appendChild(T),q.appendChild(_),q.appendChild(Z),S){var ot=document.createElement("a");ot.classList.add("_1o9k1ce"),ot.href=atob("aHR0cHM6Ly9mcmVlc3Rhci5jb20vYWQtcHJvZHVjdHMvZGVza3RvcC1tb2JpbGUvZnJlZXN0YXItcmVjb3ZlcmVk"),ot.target="_blank";var it=document.createElement("img");it.alt="Logo",it.src=this.pickContrastingColorValue(y||"#FFFFFF","data:image/png;base64,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","data:image/png;base64,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"),ot.appendChild(it),q.appendChild(ot)}return I.appendChild(q),I}},{key:"getAndSetOverlay",value:(o=P(I().mark((function t(e){var n,r,o,i;return I().wrap((function(t){for(;;)switch(t.prev=t.next){case 0:if(this.post(!0,e),e.dismissDuration||e.dismissDurationPv||"1"!==sessionStorage.getItem("fs.adb".concat(e.siteId||"",".dis"))){t.next=3;break}return t.abrupt("return");case 3:if(n=localStorage.getItem("fs.adb"),r=n&&JSON.parse(n),!e.dismissDurationPv||!r.p||"number"!=typeof r.p){t.next=14;break}if(!(e.dismissDurationPv<=r.p+1)){t.next=10;break}this.clearValue("p"),t.next=12;break;case 10:return this.updateValues("p"),t.abrupt("return");case 12:t.next=15;break;case 14:this.clearValue("p");case 15:if(o=parseInt(r.dt,10),!e.dismissDuration||!o){t.next=25;break}if(!(Math.abs((Date.now()-o)/36e5)<e.dismissDuration)){t.next=22;break}return t.abrupt("return");case 22:this.clearValue("dt");case 23:t.next=26;break;case 25:this.clearValue("dt");case 26:if(document.body){t.next=29;break}return t.next=29,new Promise((function(t){return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t)}));case 29:if(this.killScroll(e),null===document.querySelector("#".concat(this.oid))){t.next=32;break}return t.abrupt("return");case 32:i=this.generateOverlay(e),document.body.appendChild(i);case 34:case"end":return t.stop()}}),t,this)}))),function(t){return o.apply(this,arguments)})},{key:"getStatus",value:function(t,e){return!0===e?1:2===t||1===t?2:0}},{key:"getAndSetData",value:function(t){var e,n,r,o=localStorage.getItem("fs.adb"),i=o&&JSON.parse(o),a=Date.now();return i?(e=i.i,n=i.ot,r=this.getStatus(i.s,t)):(i={},e=c(),n=a,r=t?1:0),i.i=e,i.s=r,i.ot=n,i.lt=a,localStorage.setItem("fs.adb",JSON.stringify(i)),i}},{key:"updateValues",value:function(t){var e=localStorage.getItem("fs.adb"),n=e&&JSON.parse(e);"p"===t?(n.p=n.p?n.p+1:1,n.dt&&delete n.dt):"dt"===t&&(n.dt=Date.now(),n.p&&delete n.p),localStorage.setItem("fs.adb",JSON.stringify(n))}},{key:"clearValue",value:function(t){var e=localStorage.getItem("fs.adb"),n=e&&JSON.parse(e);n[t]&&(delete n[t],localStorage.setItem("fs.adb",JSON.stringify(n)))}},{key:"post",value:function(t,e){var n=atob("c2l0ZS1jb25maWcuY29t"),r=e.cDomain||n,o="https://".concat(r,"/v2/abr"),i=this.getAndSetData(t),a=e.accountId,c=e.siteId,s=navigator.userAgent||window.navigator.userAgent,u=document.referrer,l=window.location,d={accountId:a,siteId:c,userId:i.i,url:l.href,referalURL:u,userAgent:s,status:function(t){switch(t){case 0:return"not detected";case 1:return"detected";case 2:return"recovered";default:return}}(i.s),returning:i.ot!==i.lt,version:"1.3.3"};fetch(o,{method:"POST",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json","X-Client-Geo-Location":"{client_region},{client_region_subdivision},{client_city}"},body:JSON.stringify(d)}).catch((function(){}))}},{key:"observe",value:function(){var t=this,e="";new MutationObserver((function(){location.pathname!==e&&(e=location.pathname,t.run())})).observe(document,{subtree:!0,childList:!0})}},{key:"run",value:function(){var t=this,e=this.config;setTimeout(P(I().mark((function n(){return I().wrap((function(n){for(;;)switch(n.prev=n.next){case 0:return n.next=2,C().then((function(){return S(atob("aHR0cHM6Ly9hLnB1Yi5uZXR3b3JrL2NvcmUvcHJlYmlkLXVuaXZlcnNhbC1jcmVhdGl2ZS5qcw=="))})).then((function(){return S(atob("aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xldGFnc2VydmljZXMuY29tL3RhZy9qcy9ncHQuanM="))})).then((function(){t.post(!1,e)})).catch((function(n){n!==E&&(null==n?void 0:n.message)!==E||t.getAndSetOverlay(e)}));case 2:case"end":return n.stop()}}),n)}))),500)}}],n&&Y(e.prototype,n),r&&Y(e,r),Object.defineProperty(e,"prototype",{writable:!1}),t}();window.fsabrActive=!0,new T(window.navigator).init()})()})();</script> <script data-cfasync="false" src="https://a.pub.network/smithsonianmag-com/pubfig.min.js" async type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script> // Define dataLayer and the gtag function. window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'region': ['EU', 'GB'] }); function tagLinkEvent(name) { dataLayer.push({'event': name}); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { window.Optanon.OnConsentChanged(function () { if (window.OptanonActiveGroups.indexOf('C0002')) { gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'granted', 'analytics_storage': 'granted', 'ad_personalization': 'granted', 'analytics_storage': 'granted', 'region': ['EU', 'GB'] }); } ; }); }; </script> <script>(function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-T62VWK2');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <title>Innovation News &amp; Breakthroughs | Smithsonian Magazine</title> <meta name="keywords" content=""/> <meta name="description" content="Smithsonian Magazine explores the ideas and inventions that are shaping our society and culture. Discover the stories behind the innovation."/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-image-preview:large, follow, archive"/> <meta name="author" content="Smithsonian Magazine"/> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="referrer" content="unsafe-url"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-status-bar-style" content="black"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Smithsonian Magazine"> <script src="https://cdn.p-n.io/pushly-sdk.min.js?domain_key=hn5lNDNFJqLiqyK5HrYDmcyK8qRE6OSqKsZr" async></script> <script> window.PushlySDK = window.PushlySDK || []; function pushly() { window.PushlySDK.push(arguments) } pushly('load', { domainKey: 'hn5lNDNFJqLiqyK5HrYDmcyK8qRE6OSqKsZr', }); </script> <script> window.ENV = "production"; window.SENTRY_DSN = "https://4ca4f161699457c9cb249d33c630c5e6@o25938.ingest.us.sentry.io/4507623932428288"; window.RELEASE = "2024.11.22.4746"; </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/category/innovation/" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="//a.pub.network"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//connect.facebook.net"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com"/> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//use.fontawesome.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//logs1.smithsonian.museum"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//sb.scorecardresearch.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//th-thumbnailer.smithsonianmag.com"/> <link rel="preload" href="/static/smithsonianmag/smithsonianmag.2ac8ea967313.css" as="style" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/smithsonianmag/smithsonianmag.2ac8ea967313.css"/> <link rel="icon" href="/static/smithsonianmag/img/Smithsonianmagazine_favicon.a059ed204fde.ico" sizes="any"><!-- 32×32 --> <link rel="icon" href="/static/smithsonianmag/img/Smithsonianmagazine_favicons.44e60f3d34e8.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/smithsonianmag/img/Smithsonianmagazine_apple_touch_icon.bcff19327dab.png"> <!-- 180×180 --> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <link rel="preload" href="/static/smithsonianmag/smithsonianmag.bundle.21ff7ca31a9e.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/static/ads/freestar.bundle.1cc2b1062da9.js" as="script"> <script type="text/javascript" async src="/static/smithsonianmag/smithsonianmag.bundle.21ff7ca31a9e.js"></script> <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/c31205bd70.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript"> window.freestar = window.freestar || {}; freestar.queue = freestar.queue || []; freestar.config = freestar.config || {}; freestar.config.enabled_slots = []; freestar.initCallback = function () { (freestar.config.enabled_slots.length === 0) ? freestar.initCallbackCalled = false : freestar.newAdSlots(freestar.config.enabled_slots); }; window.GPT = { DOMAIN: 'https://www.smithsonianmag.com/', SITE: 'production', ACCOUNT: '/308522/smithsonianmag.tmus', referrer: document.referrer ? new URL(document.referrer).hostname.replace(/^www\./, '') : '', path: '/308522/smithsonianmag.tmus/innovation', category: ["innovation", "innovation_hub"], section_type: 'category', url: 'innovation', pagetype: 'category' }; window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] }; window.showLeaderboard = !(['.bing.','.google.','yahoo.com'].some(function(p){return document.referrer.indexOf(p)>-1;})); googletag.cmd.push(function() { var fsMapping = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1072, 0], [[728, 90], [970, 90], [970, 250], [1072, 325], [1, 1] ]) .addSize([970, 0], [[728, 90], [970, 90], [970, 250], [1, 1] ]) .addSize([768, 0], [[728, 90], [1, 1] ]) .addSize([0, 0], [[300, 50], [320, 50], [1, 1] ]) .build(); if (showLeaderboard) { googletag.defineSlot('/15184186,21714840181/smithsonianmag_leaderboard_atf', [728, 90], 'smithsonianmag_leaderboard_atf').setTargeting('pos', ['top']).defineSizeMapping(fsMapping).addService(googletag.pubads()); } googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads().setTargeting('site', GPT.SITE || "") .setTargeting('Category', GPT.category || "") .setTargeting('tag', GPT.tag || "") .setTargeting('type', GPT.type || "") .setTargeting('special', GPT.special || "") .setTargeting('url', GPT.url || "") .setTargeting('pagetype', GPT.pagetype || "") .setTargeting('segment', GPT.segment || "") .setTargeting('post', GPT.post || "") .setTargeting('section_type', GPT.section_type || "") .setTargeting('referrer', GPT.referrer || "") }); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().setPrivacySettings({ childDirectedTreatment: false }); }); freestar.queue.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getAdUnitPath() === '/15184186,21714840181/smithsonianmag_adhesion' && event.campaignId === 3571320465) { setTimeout(function() { freestar.refresh('smithsonianmag_adhesion'); }, 30000); } }); }); freestar.config.targeting = [ //{ // "smithsonianmag_leaderboard_atf": { // "pos": "top" // } //}, { "smithsonianmag_leaderboard_btf": { "pos": "middle" } }, { "smithsonianmag_rail_right_1": { "pos": "top" } }, { "smithsonianmag_rail_right_2": { "pos": "bottom" } } ]; </script> <script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false" src="/static/ads/freestar.bundle.1cc2b1062da9.js"></script> <!-- BEGIN Silverpop --> <script src="https://www.sc.pages03.net/lp/static/js/iMAWebCookie.js?1d10bc16-14374088980-b9e6bcd68d4fb511170ab3fcff55179d&h=www.pages03.net" type="text/javascript"></script> <meta name="com.silverpop.brandeddomains" content="www.pages03.net,airspacemag.com,si.mkt6346.com,smithsonian.com,smithsonianmag.com"/> <meta property="fb:pages" content="47619793252"/> <meta name="p:domain_verify" content="1cb4877f178228486592ed27f73e9fd1"/> <!-- OpenSearch --> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Smithsonian" href="/static/smithsonianmag/xml/opensearch/smith_opensearch.7184bcff4c41.xml"> </head> <body class="category-list"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T62VWK2" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div class="advertisement fullwidth adtop" id="leaderboardAd"> <!-- BEGIN Freestar: Tag ID - smithsonianmag_leaderboard_atf --> <div data-freestar-ad="__320x50 __1072x325" id="smithsonianmag_leaderboard_atf"> <script type="text/javascript"> if (showLeaderboard) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('smithsonianmag_leaderboard_atf'); }); } else { document.currentScript.parentElement.parentElement.remove(); } </script> </div> <!-- END Freestar: Tag ID - smithsonianmag_leaderboard_atf --> </div> <header class="main"> <div class="headerBar"> <div class="headerBaritem"> <button class="hamburger" type="button" aria-label="Sections" aria-haspopup="menu"> <div id="mobileIcon" class="hamMenu"> <div id="mobile-icon"> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> <p>Sections</p> </div> </div> </button> <div class="searchIcon"> <a href="/search/"><i class="fas fa-search" title="Search"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="headerBaritem logo"> <a href="/"><img src="/static/smithsonianmag/img/smithsonian_magazine_logo_white.5b455067a001.svg" alt="Smithsonian Magazine white logo" width="135" height="38"/></a> </div> <div class="headerBaritem"> <button class="subscribe-btn-alternate" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://subscribe.smithsonianmag.com/?idx=582&amp;inetz=sticky_menu&amp;promo_name=current-issue&amp;promo_position=top-nav&amp;promo_creative=button&amp;promo_id=subscribe" id="sticky-subscribe-nav-link">Subscribe</a></button> <button class="gift-btn" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://subscribe.smithsonianmag.com/gift?idx=579&amp;inetz=sticky_menu&amp;promo_name=current-issue&amp;promo_position=top-nav&amp;promo_creative=button&amp;promo_id=gift" id="sticky-gift-nav-link">Give a Gift</a></button> <button class="renew-btn-alternate" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://ssl.drgnetwork.com/flex/SMT/SMRENEWAL/" id="sticky-renew-nav-link">Renew</a></button> <button class="shop-btn" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://www.smithsonianstore.com/?code=SEMAG&utm_source=Smithsonianmag.com&utm_medium=shoplink&utm_campaign=hol2016" target="_blank">Shop</a></button> </div> </div> <div class="navigation" id="sideNav" role="navigation"> <nav> <div class="circulation"> <div class="navWrap search-wrapper"> <form class="search-form" action="/search/"> <input placeholder="Search..." type="text" name="q"> <button type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search" title="Submit Search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="navWrap"> <button class="subscribe-btn-alternate" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://subscribe.smithsonianmag.com/?idx=582&amp;inetz=side_menu&amp;promo_name=current-issue&amp;promo_position=left_nav&amp;promo_creative=button&amp;promo_id=subscribe" id="mobile-subscribe-side-menu">Subscribe</a></button> <button class="gift-btn" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://subscribe.smithsonianmag.com/gift?idx=579&amp;inetz=side_menu&amp;promo_name=current-issue&amp;promo_position=left_nav&amp;promo_creative=button&amp;promo_id=gift" id="mobile-side-nav-gift">Give a Gift</a></button> <button class="renew-btn-alternate" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://ssl.drgnetwork.com/flex/SMT/SMRENEWAL/" id="mobile-side-nav-renew">Renew</a></button> </div> </div> <div class="navWrap menu"> <ul><li> <a href="/category/smart-news/" class="smart-news" >Smart News</a> <ul><li class="heading"> <a href="/category/smartnews-history-archaeology/" class="smart-news-history" >History</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/smartnews-science/" class="smartnews-science" >Science</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/smartnews-ideas-innovations/" class="smartnews-innovation" >Innovation</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/smartnews-arts-culture/" class="smartnews-arts-culture" >Arts &amp; Culture</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/smartnews-travel/" class="smartnews-travel" >Travel</a> </li></ul> </li><li> <a href="/category/history/" class="history" >History</a> <ul><li class="heading"> <a href="/category/archaeology/" class="archaeology" >Archaeology</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/us-history/" class="us-history" >U.S. History</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/world-history/" class="world-history" >World History</a> </li><li> <a href="/videos/category/history/" class="history-video" >Video</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/acoustic/add/" class="history-newsletter" target="blank" >Newsletter</a> </li></ul> </li><li> <a href="/category/science-nature/" class="science-nature" >Science</a> <ul><li class="heading"> <a href="/category/human-behavior/" class="human-behavior" >Human Behavior</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/mind-body/" class="mind-body" >Mind &amp; Body</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/our-planet/" class="our-planet" >Our Planet</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/space/" class="space" >Space</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/wildlife/" class="wildlife" >Wildlife</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/acoustic/add/" class="science-newsletter" target="blank" >Newsletter</a> </li></ul> </li><li> <a href="/category/innovation/" class="innovation" >Innovation</a> <ul><li class="heading"> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/innovation-good-180977795/" class="innovation-for-good" >Innovation for Good</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/education/" class="education" >Education</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/energy/" class="energy" >Energy</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/health-medicine/" class="health-medicine" >Health &amp; Medicine</a> </li><li> <a href="/innovation/our-sustainable-future-180979462/" class="sustainability-hub" >Sustainability</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/technology/" class="technology" >Technology</a> </li><li> <a href="/videos/category/ingenuity/" class="ingenuity-video" >Video</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/acoustic/add/" class="ingenuity-newsletter" target="blank" >Newsletter</a> </li></ul> </li><li> <a href="/category/arts-culture/" class="arts-culture" >Arts &amp; Culture</a> <ul><li class="heading"> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/museumday/" class="museum-day" >Museum Day</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/art-artists/" class="art" >Art</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/books-2/" class="books" >Books</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/design/" class="design" >Design</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/food/" class="food" >Food</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/music-film/" class="music-film" >Music &amp; Film</a> </li><li> <a href="/videos/category/arts-culture/" class="arts-culture-video" >Video</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/acoustic/add/" class="arts-culture-newsletter" target="blank" >Newsletter</a> </li></ul> </li><li> <a href="/category/travel/" class="travel" >Travel</a> <ul><li class="heading"> <a href="/category/africa-middleeast/" class="africa-the-middle-east" >Africa &amp; the Middle East</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/asia-pacific/" class="asia-pacific" >Asia Pacific</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/europe/" class="europe" >Europe</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/central-south-america/" class="central-and-south-america" >Central and South America</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/us-canada/" class="us-canada" >U.S. &amp; Canada</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianjourneys.org/?src=sjmod-t-h&amp;utm_source=smithsonianmag&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=topnav/" class="journeys" target="blank" >Journeys</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/acoustic/add/" class="travel-newsletter" target="blank" >Newsletter</a> </li></ul> </li><li> <a href="/category/smithsonian-institution/" class="smithsonian-institution" >At The Smithsonian</a> <ul><li class="heading"> <a href="https://www.si.edu/Visit" class="visit" target="blank" >Visit</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/events-exhibitions/" class="exhibitions" >Exhibitions</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/new-research/" class="new-research" >New Research</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/objects/" class="artifacts" >Artifacts</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/curators-corner/" class="curators-corner" >Curators&#x27; Corner</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/ask-smithsonian/" class="ask-smithsonian" >Ask Smithsonian</a> </li><li> <a href="/smithsonian-institution/sidedoor-smithsonian-podcast-180961115/" class="podcasts" >Podcasts</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/" class="voices" >Voices</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/acoustic/add/" class="ats-newsletter" target="blank" >Newsletter</a> </li></ul> </li><li> <a href="/podcast/" class="podcast" >Podcast</a> </li><li> <a href="https://photocontest.smithsonianmag.com/photocontest/" class="photos" >Photos</a> <ul><li class="heading"> <a href="https://photocontest.smithsonianmag.com/photocontest/" class="photo-contest" >Photo Contest</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/smithsonianmagazine" class="instagram" target="blank" >Instagram</a> </li></ul> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/video/" class="video" >Video</a> <ul><li class="heading"> <a href="/videos/category/original-series/" class="original-series" >Original Series</a> </li><li> <a href="/videos/category/smithsonian-channel/" class="smithsonian-channel" >Smithsonian Channel</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="secondary"> <div class="navWrap menu"> <ul><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/acoustic/add/" class="newsletters" target="blank" >Newsletters</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianstore.com/home.do?code=N2IBSMAD&amp;utm_source=Smithsonianmag.com&amp;utm_medium=shoplink&amp;utm_campaign=hol2016" class="shop" target="blank" >Shop</a> </li></ul> </div> </div> <i class="fas fa-xmark"></i> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="page-wrapper"> <div class="main-content article article-list category-list"> <h1>Innovation</h1> <nav class="category-nav innovation"> <ul><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/innovation-good-180977795/" class="innovation-for-good" >Innovation for Good</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/education/" class="education" >Education</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/energy/" class="energy" >Energy</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/health-medicine/" class="health-medicine" >Health &amp; Medicine</a> </li><li> <a href="/innovation/our-sustainable-future-180979462/" class="sustainability-hub" >Sustainability</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/technology/" class="technology" >Technology</a> </li><li> <a href="/videos/category/ingenuity/" class="ingenuity-video" >Video</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/acoustic/add/" class="ingenuity-newsletter" target="blank" >Newsletter</a> </li></ul> </nav> </div> <div class="main-content homepage category-list-initial"> <div class="home-featured-stories" id="mainContent" role="main"> <div class="special-article-feature"> <div class="article-list-item first"> <div class="article-list-text"> <a href="/innovation/could-eelgrass-be-the-next-big-bio-based-building-material-180985203/"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/ad09wD5s2zK6N88zNM9Cntzp2BE=/640x480/filters:focal(600x400:601x401)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/23/e9/23e957c9-e721-47c4-8b6c-01a8138de851/ls_tangtage_vesterbrofotograferne_20-1200px.jpg" alt="Thirty-six homes&amp;mdash;the world&amp;rsquo;s last topped with a traditional eelgrass roof&amp;mdash;all sit here on Laeso." width="640" height="480" /> </a> <h3> <a href="/innovation/could-eelgrass-be-the-next-big-bio-based-building-material-180985203/"> Could Eelgrass Be the Next Big Bio-Based Building Material? </a> </h3> <p class="article-dek">On the island of Laeso in Denmark, one man is reviving the lost art of eelgrass thatching and, in doing so, bringing attention to a plant that has great potential</p> <p class="author"> <a href='/author/anna-fiorentino/'>Anna Fiorentino</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-text"> <a href="/smithsonian-institution/why-creator-first-lie-detectors-regret-invention-polygraph-machine-inventor-180985222/"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/Oue2kMgA2NeVcrdhKWog6A91nvc=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(1200x903:1201x904)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/d3/00/d300bd5c-ab98-4468-a8fd-e997132f0aa9/martin240522si0044_re_w2_rgb_copy.jpg" alt="John Larson&amp;#39;s original polygraph, a gift to the Smithsonian from the Berkeley Police Department, where Larson was the first rookie cop with a PhD." width="400" height="300" /> </a> <h3> <a href="/smithsonian-institution/why-creator-first-lie-detectors-regret-invention-polygraph-machine-inventor-180985222/"> Why the Creator of One of the First ‘Lie Detectors’ Lived to Regret His Invention </a> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-text"> <a href="/travel/cities-are-projecting-their-history-onto-streets-and-buildings-after-dark-180985348/"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/oiw2UXGkPgX-E5OpuTGccNvkfhY=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(345x220:346x221)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/48/98/4898e443-4c64-40fb-85ee-214f0fad157d/mtl-histoire_2017-12795_1206x678-1495562938.jpg" alt="&amp;ldquo;Cit&amp;eacute; M&amp;eacute;moire&amp;rdquo; is a digital multimedia installation illustrating the moments that have shaped Montreal&amp;rsquo;s last 400 years." width="400" height="300" /> </a> <h3> <a href="/travel/cities-are-projecting-their-history-onto-streets-and-buildings-after-dark-180985348/"> Cities Are Projecting Their History Onto Streets and Buildings After Dark </a> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-text"> <a href="/smart-news/two-high-schoolers-found-an-impossible-proof-for-a-2000-year-old-math-rule-then-they-discovered-nine-more-180985357/"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/C3JSb9F-Yakkt0iOs18HfOOAJRg=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(300x200:301x201)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/91/91/919135b4-cfd4-4c77-af86-5fa4cf00e0cd/pythagorean-pr-photo.png" alt="Calcea Johnson (right), currently studying environmental engineering at Louisiana State University, published the new study with her high school classmate,&amp;nbsp;Ne&amp;#39;Kiya Jackson (left), now a student in pharmacology at Xavier University of Louisiana." width="400" height="300" /> </a> <h3> <a href="/smart-news/two-high-schoolers-found-an-impossible-proof-for-a-2000-year-old-math-rule-then-they-discovered-nine-more-180985357/"> Two High Schoolers Found an &#x27;Impossible&#x27; Proof for a 2,000-Year-Old Math Rule—Then, They Discovered Nine More </a> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-text"> <a href="/smart-news/new-paleo-robots-could-shed-light-on-animal-evolution-revealing-how-some-fish-evolved-to-walk-on-land-180985342/"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/u0LhmaAlnQaVxXL-Np39ceXEWR4=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(254x329:255x330)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/e6/1a/e61a9cf8-0cbe-43f2-a6b7-ab61cce1a681/tiktaalik_nt_small.jpg" alt="A visualization of&amp;nbsp;Tiktaalik roseae, an extinct aquatic&amp;nbsp;animal&amp;nbsp;with fossils that shed light on the evolution of land animals from marine animals millions of years ago." width="400" height="300" /> </a> <h3> <a href="/smart-news/new-paleo-robots-could-shed-light-on-animal-evolution-revealing-how-some-fish-evolved-to-walk-on-land-180985342/"> New &#x27;Paleo-Robots&#x27; Could Shed Light on Animal Evolution, Revealing How Some Fish Evolved to &#x27;Walk&#x27; on Land </a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="home-newsletter"> <div class="leade"> <p>Get the latest from <em>Smithsonian</em> magazine in your inbox every weekday.</p> <form method="post" action="/acoustic/add_daily/"> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email Address" required="" id="id_email"> <input type="submit" value="Sign Up" name="submit" /> <p class="terms-info"><input type="checkbox" name="si_all_opt_subscribed" id="id_si_all_opt_subscribed"> By checking this box, I agree to receive other information from the Smithsonian, including relevant content and programming, news about Smithsonian events, trips and offers, and museum updates. <a href="/privacy">Click to visit our Privacy Statement</a>.<br /> Easy unsubscribe links are provided in every email.</p> <input type="hidden" name="daily_opt_source" id="id_daily_opt_source" value="Preference Center"> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="advertisement fullwidth"> <!-- BEGIN Freestar: Tag ID - smithsonianmag_leaderboard_btf --> <div align="center" data-freestar-ad="__336x280 __970x250" id="smithsonianmag_leaderboard_btf" class=""> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript"> freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({ placementName: "smithsonianmag_leaderboard_btf", slotId: "smithsonianmag_leaderboard_btf" }); </script> </div> <!-- END Freestar: Tag ID - smithsonianmag_leaderboard_btf --> </div> <div class="main-content article article-list category-list story-list-element"> <div class="article-columns"> <div class="articleLeft"> <div class="article-list"> <div class="article-container"> <div class="widget-heading">Latest</div> <div class="article-list"> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/from-jealous-spouses-to-paranoid-bosses-pedometers-quantified-suspicion-in-the-19th-century-180985504/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/D3pz5LOK846ziH75KTd8jdLq8vk=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(2248x1509:2249x1510)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/77/7e/777e079e-ef73-4a7f-84e5-3d78722c9533/1.jpg" alt="An example of the American Pedometer with the decimal face and original packaging" width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/from-jealous-spouses-to-paranoid-bosses-pedometers-quantified-suspicion-in-the-19th-century-180985504/">From Jealous Spouses to Paranoid Bosses, Pedometers Quantified Suspicion in the 19th Century</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">The devices were used to track movement and measure productivity—an insightful foreshadowing of our current preoccupation with personal data</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Nov. 20, 2024, 11:14 a.m.">November 20, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/science-nature/hero-convinced-fellow-ornithologists-obvious-stop-shooting-birds-watch-them-instead-180985445/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/yriFX2tHzkHJGXt1mvHo--_yQ6Q=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(742x537:743x538)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/a7/55/a755cb1c-24bd-4bb1-9439-378020c57370/dec2024_k14_prologue-1.jpg" alt="Two ivory-billed woodpeckers in one of the historic photographs that Arthur Allen captured in the field in 1935." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/science-nature/hero-convinced-fellow-ornithologists-obvious-stop-shooting-birds-watch-them-instead-180985445/">The Hero Who Convinced His Fellow Ornithologists of the Obvious: Stop Shooting Rare Birds and Watch Them Instead</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">Too late to save the ivory-billed woodpecker, Arthur Allen changed science forever with his seemingly simple idea</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Nov. 20, 2024, 9 a.m.">December 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/smithsonian-institution/pencillin-girls-made-one-worlds-most-life-saving-discoveries-possible-180985449/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/TUyAxoolbh7XNit7mOcO60MbXgg=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(1200x903:1201x904)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/53/5d/535dbb9a-4aab-4df0-870a-bef3061bc7b9/primary.jpg" alt="A dried sample of the original Penicillium mold that Fleming discovered in 1928." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/smithsonian-institution/pencillin-girls-made-one-worlds-most-life-saving-discoveries-possible-180985449/">The ‘Penicillin Girls’ Made One of the World’s Most Life-Saving Discoveries Possible</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">The true, forgotten and sometimes-stinky history of the cohort who took Alexander Fleming&#x27;s innovation and forever changed the face of modern medicine</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Nov. 18, 2024, 7 a.m.">December 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/history/how-british-college-students-convinced-authorities-that-flying-saucers-were-invading-the-uk-180985442/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/C_eznh67kShBnupp8qfV1YmnBVM=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(700x527:701x528)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/4b/0e/4b0e9a86-f94f-4920-a7f7-0b6d3fd4beb0/ufo-hoax.jpg" alt="On September 4, 1967, six identical silver disks appeared at equidistant locations along a plumb-straight line that bisected southern England." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/history/how-british-college-students-convinced-authorities-that-flying-saucers-were-invading-the-uk-180985442/">How British College Students Convinced Authorities That Flying Saucers Were Invading the U.K.</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">To raise awareness for a charity event, aspiring engineers planted six UFOs across southern England on a single day in 1967</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Nov. 15, 2024, 6 a.m.">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/history/visions-of-nuclear-powered-cars-captivated-cold-war-america-but-the-technology-never-really-worked-180985437/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/w37H-DfNvOrv4LxIkbjGckH5hxg=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(700x527:701x528)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/bb/7a/bb7a70b6-a098-47bc-841e-46bd916b26f2/astral.jpg" alt="A nuclear-powered car lined with lead and other materials to protect its passengers from radiation would weigh at least 50 tons&amp;mdash;more than 25 times as heavy as the average vehicle." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/history/visions-of-nuclear-powered-cars-captivated-cold-war-america-but-the-technology-never-really-worked-180985437/">Visions of Nuclear-Powered Cars Captivated Cold War America, but the Technology Never Really Worked</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">From the Ford Nucleon to the Studebaker-Packard Astral, these vehicles failed to progress past the prototype stage in the 1950s and 1960s</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Nov. 13, 2024, 6 a.m.">November 13, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/scientists-are-crafting-fake-whale-poop-and-dumping-it-in-the-ocean-180985436/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/5tvJZkeqZTOGirlhb4oXEq_4jog=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(2880x1920:2881x1921)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/d1/9d/d19d62fe-2abb-4807-9191-2c95f8e75a1d/2a2g8e9.jpg" alt="A sperm whale swims away, leaving a cloud of feces." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/scientists-are-crafting-fake-whale-poop-and-dumping-it-in-the-ocean-180985436/">Scientists Are Crafting Fake Whale Poop and Dumping It in the Ocean</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">The artificial waste could fertilize the ocean and sequester carbon</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Nov. 12, 2024, 9:35 a.m.">November 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/travel/cities-are-projecting-their-history-onto-streets-and-buildings-after-dark-180985348/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/oiw2UXGkPgX-E5OpuTGccNvkfhY=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(345x220:346x221)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/48/98/4898e443-4c64-40fb-85ee-214f0fad157d/mtl-histoire_2017-12795_1206x678-1495562938.jpg" alt="&amp;ldquo;Cit&amp;eacute; M&amp;eacute;moire&amp;rdquo; is a digital multimedia installation illustrating the moments that have shaped Montreal&amp;rsquo;s last 400 years." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/travel/cities-are-projecting-their-history-onto-streets-and-buildings-after-dark-180985348/">Cities Are Projecting Their History Onto Streets and Buildings After Dark</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">Pedestrians in Montreal, Grand Rapids and other locations can time-travel thanks to installations that map historical scenes directly onto the cityscapes</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Nov. 1, 2024, 10:35 a.m.">November 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/bionic-pilots-compete-for-the-gold-at-the-cybathlon-180985314/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/9ZruoECceUUWGz8Ut0ahejsxJjE=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(800x301:801x302)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/0d/bb/0dbb4652-ce3b-4e8a-8d05-817dd34c9efc/cybathlon-1600x600.jpg" alt="Mark Muhn of Team Cleveland on his way to winning the Functional Electrical Stimulation bike race in the inaugural Cybathlon in 2016. Muhn&amp;rsquo;s legs are paralyzed; the muscles in them are activated by electric signals from a controller outside of his body." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/bionic-pilots-compete-for-the-gold-at-the-cybathlon-180985314/">Bionic &#x27;Pilots&#x27; Compete for the Gold at the Cybathlon</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">In the international competition, people with physical disabilities put state-of-the-art devices to the test as they race to complete the tasks of everyday life</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Oct. 23, 2024, 10:02 a.m.">October 23, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/smithsonian-institution/why-creator-first-lie-detectors-regret-invention-polygraph-machine-inventor-180985222/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/Oue2kMgA2NeVcrdhKWog6A91nvc=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(1200x903:1201x904)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/d3/00/d300bd5c-ab98-4468-a8fd-e997132f0aa9/martin240522si0044_re_w2_rgb_copy.jpg" alt="John Larson&amp;#39;s original polygraph, a gift to the Smithsonian from the Berkeley Police Department, where Larson was the first rookie cop with a PhD." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/smithsonian-institution/why-creator-first-lie-detectors-regret-invention-polygraph-machine-inventor-180985222/">Why the Creator of One of the First ‘Lie Detectors’ Lived to Regret His Invention</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">The early polygraph machine was considered the most scientific way to detect deception—but that was a myth</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Oct. 22, 2024, 7 a.m.">November 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/how-snake-oil-became-a-symbol-of-fraud-and-deception-180985300/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/c-6kYdNttqyORRMD_lkCQlNNI10=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(2113x1408:2114x1409)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/b1/ca/b1caa6be-175b-4479-8abf-7c648eeeeca5/dhnwxp.jpg" alt="Clark Stanley&amp;rsquo;s snake oil was a marketing gimmick from the very start.&amp;nbsp;" width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/how-snake-oil-became-a-symbol-of-fraud-and-deception-180985300/">How Snake Oil Became a Symbol of Fraud and Deception</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">The terms “snake oil” and “snake-oil salesperson” are part of the vernacular thanks to Clark Stanley, a quack doctor who marketed a product for joint pain in the late 19th century</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Oct. 21, 2024, 12:38 p.m.">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/from-silk-moths-to-fruit-flies-these-five-insects-have-changed-the-world-180985252/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/KzRD81w9WHgTUSi4jdbZMNo-hOs=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(1009x745:1010x746)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/8e/88/8e88895c-c55b-4a1c-8419-95a9ec25b4bf/gettyimages-987257254.jpg" alt="Itty-bitty insects have an outsized impact on human culture." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/from-silk-moths-to-fruit-flies-these-five-insects-have-changed-the-world-180985252/">From Silk Moths to Fruit Flies, These Five Insects Have Changed the World</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">It’s easy to write bugs off as pests, but consider the ways in which they have positively impacted our lives</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Oct. 15, 2024, 10:39 a.m.">October 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/could-eelgrass-be-the-next-big-bio-based-building-material-180985203/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/GPYjVJ1FhTjs6XWjtziGoUi1ztM=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(600x400:601x401)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/23/e9/23e957c9-e721-47c4-8b6c-01a8138de851/ls_tangtage_vesterbrofotograferne_20-1200px.jpg" alt="Thirty-six homes&amp;mdash;the world&amp;rsquo;s last topped with a traditional eelgrass roof&amp;mdash;all sit here on Laeso." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/could-eelgrass-be-the-next-big-bio-based-building-material-180985203/">Could Eelgrass Be the Next Big Bio-Based Building Material?</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">On the island of Laeso in Denmark, one man is reviving the lost art of eelgrass thatching and, in doing so, bringing attention to a plant that has great potential</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Oct. 7, 2024, 1:52 p.m.">October 7, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/what-are-wind-phones-and-how-do-they-help-with-grief-180985113/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/P8AMR5Tv8JJS63PA7jsiQZ4vRVE=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(1632x1228:1633x1229)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/c6/bf/c6bf68d9-0c45-4d76-9061-c177e57be515/otsuchi_wind_phone_5.jpg" alt="The first wind phone was built in 2010 in Otsuchi, Japan." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/what-are-wind-phones-and-how-do-they-help-with-grief-180985113/">What Are Wind Phones, and How Do They Help With Grief?</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">A clinical social worker explains the vital role of the old-fashioned rotary phone for those dealing with death and loss</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Sept. 23, 2024, 8:30 a.m.">September 23, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/science-nature/just-how-much-can-we-trust-ai-to-predict-extreme-weather-180985117/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/9U3yVedsr2GoPKjrWXdSej9ycS0=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(800x602:801x603)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/f4/9f/f49f9101-91ed-430b-a8ce-67d015fb2cdf/extremeweather-ai-2024_web.jpg" alt="Some artificial intelligence models have predicted where hurricanes would make landfall earlier than numerical weather models." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/science-nature/just-how-much-can-we-trust-ai-to-predict-extreme-weather-180985117/">Just How Much Can We Trust A.I. to Predict Extreme Weather?</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">Computer scientist and meteorologist Amy McGovern has studied the technology for two decades, and she weighs in with some answers</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Sept. 23, 2024, 8 a.m.">September 23, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/a-massive-effort-is-underway-to-rid-the-baltic-sea-of-sunken-bombs-180985042/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/EZdMthdbmYpdATGqiaKg26Q_074=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(1024x897:1025x898)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/45/bf/45bf15ae-ec5c-47bc-96f7-dbad62eb4f63/header-uncropped-robots-and-war-munitions.jpg" alt="Germany&amp;rsquo;s North and Baltic Seas are littered with munitions from the First and Second World Wars, such as shells&amp;mdash;as shown here&amp;mdash;once fired from German battleships." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/a-massive-effort-is-underway-to-rid-the-baltic-sea-of-sunken-bombs-180985042/">A Massive Effort Is Underway to Rid the Baltic Sea of Sunken Bombs</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">The ocean became a dumping ground for weapons after Allied forces defeated the Nazis. Now a team of robots and divers is making the waters safer</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Sept. 10, 2024, 8:30 a.m.">September 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/robots-are-coming-to-the-kitchen-what-does-this-mean-for-everyday-life-180985013/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/GmZ92J_ehb8LIuYR6Pn9l1MUNWo=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(512x329:513x330)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/91/27/9127a0c4-8808-4850-95cb-606b90cb4ff9/gettyimages-2147829260.jpg" alt="Robotic kitchens aren&amp;rsquo;t on homemakers&amp;rsquo; must-have lists yet, but they are starting to gain traction in restaurants." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/robots-are-coming-to-the-kitchen-what-does-this-mean-for-everyday-life-180985013/">Robots Are Coming to the Kitchen. What Does This Mean for Everyday Life?</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">Can automated restaurants still be community and cultural spaces, or will they become feeding stations for humans? These and other questions loom as new food tech reaches the market</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Sept. 5, 2024, 8:30 a.m.">September 5, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/how-nations-first-chief-heat-officer-working-keep-miami-cool-180984902/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/cSsK4pgpq1cNsFRXdOjup3JQpXg=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(800x541:801x542)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/4e/39/4e395b5a-8209-4dae-a99f-bb39b5f64c22/sepoct2024_b03_chiefheatofficer.jpg" alt="Kids cool down at an animal-themed splash pad at Zoo Miami. Mist stations also help visitors avoid overheating on sweltering days." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/how-nations-first-chief-heat-officer-working-keep-miami-cool-180984902/">In Miami, the Nation’s First Chief Heat Officer Charts a Course for Surviving on a Warming Planet</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">By building a broad coalition of partners across the political spectrum, the Florida metropolis is doing all that it can to keep the city cool</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Aug. 27, 2024, 11 a.m.">September/October 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/history/archaeologists-uncover-real-story-england-became-england-180984911/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/Pi8GRaYVqCop4bofEuKQ3RteZQs=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(922x615:923x616)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/c7/e2/c7e2d0ca-8dd1-461e-a4d4-7abd693e6695/sepoct2024_l08_prologue.jpg" alt="Grave 109 at Oakington is a rare triple burial, holding the remains of a female infant, a young woman (left) and an older woman (center).&amp;nbsp;" width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/history/archaeologists-uncover-real-story-england-became-england-180984911/">Archaeologists Uncover the Real Story of How England Became England</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">New research is revealing how the Sceptered Isle transformed from a Roman backwater to a mighty country of its own</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Aug. 27, 2024, 10:40 a.m.">September/October 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/can-a-city-known-for-its-freeways-and-gridlock-deliver-a-car-free-olympics-los-angeles-thinks-so-180984952/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/9TczQDRFqk-4NSGhWkzfzAGJLLs=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(512x344:513x345)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/87/ee/87eec0a5-7954-4de8-b25c-5e1af0d3fa2f/gettyimages-2165992290.jpg" alt="Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass waves an Olympic flag on her return from the closing ceremony of the Paris games on August 12, 2024." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/can-a-city-known-for-its-freeways-and-gridlock-deliver-a-car-free-olympics-los-angeles-thinks-so-180984952/">Can a City Known for Its Freeways and Gridlock Deliver a Car-Free Olympics? Los Angeles Thinks So</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">To make good on its promise, the 2028 host city is in a four-year sprint to ready its public transportation for the onslaught of athletes, coaches and spectators</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Aug. 22, 2024, 8 a.m.">August 22, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/innovation/artificial-intelligence-could-soon-match-footprints-to-the-animals-that-made-them-180984883/"><img loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/yTb0Z-ImmNQs8tkeOykRRndU37M=/400x300/filters:no_upscale():focal(1061x707:1062x708)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/bd/65/bd652888-1a52-49a4-9d90-b17aac20aa32/gettyimages-96172804.jpg" alt="Namibia&amp;#39;s brown hyenas live in small clans but often travel and hunt alone." width="640" height="480" /></a> </div> <div class="article-list-text"> <h3><a href="/innovation/artificial-intelligence-could-soon-match-footprints-to-the-animals-that-made-them-180984883/">Artificial Intelligence Could Soon Match Footprints to the Animals That Made Them</a></h3> <p class="article-dek">Scientists are working on a machine learning tool that could turn anyone with a camera into an expert tracker</p> <p class="article-published"><time class="pub-date" itemprop="published" data-pubdate="Aug. 20, 2024, 9:55 a.m.">August 20, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleRight"> <aside> <div class="widget-heading">Smithsonian Voices</div> <div class="widget-blog-list-no-images"> <div class="list-elements"> <div class="widget-section upper"><a href="/blogs/air-space-museum/">National Air and Space Museum</a></div> <p class="title"><a href="/blogs/air-space-museum/2024/11/08/how-to-display-a-747-in-a-museum/">How to Display a 747 in a Museum</a></p> <div class="widget-section upper"><a href="/blogs/smithsonian-american-art-museum/">Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Renwick Gallery</a></div> <p class="title"><a href="/blogs/smithsonian-american-art-museum/2024/11/04/see-you-later-wobbulator/">See You Later, Wobbulator</a></p> <div class="widget-section upper"><a href="/blogs/smithsonian-american-womens-history-museum/">Smithsonian American Women&#x27;s History Museum</a></div> <p class="title"><a href="/blogs/smithsonian-american-womens-history-museum/2024/09/27/five-women-to-know-for-american-business-womens-day/">Five Women to Know for American Business Women's Day</a></p> <hr /> <div class="widget-section upper"><a href="/blogs/smithsonian-affiliations/">Smithsonian Affiliations</a></div> <p class="title"><a href="/blogs/smithsonian-affiliations/2024/09/26/a-teenagers-holocaust-diary-is-changing-the-way-we-interact-with-online-exhibitions/">A Teenager's Holocaust Diary Is Changing the Way We Interact With Online Exhibitions</a></p> <hr /> <div class="widget-section upper"><a href="/blogs/smithsonian-affiliations/">Smithsonian Affiliations</a></div> <p class="title"><a href="/blogs/smithsonian-affiliations/2024/09/25/what-patent-models-tell-us-about-american-history/">What Patent Models Can Tell Us About American History</a></p> <hr /> <div class="widget-section upper"><a href="/blogs/smithsonian-education/">Smithsonian Education</a></div> <p class="title"><a href="/blogs/smithsonian-education/2024/09/24/the-power-of-a-teacher-who-dreams-big/">The Power of a Teacher Who Dreams Big</a></p> </div> <p class="section larger"> <a href="/blogs/">See All</a> </p> </div> <!-- BEGIN Freestar: Tag ID - smithsonianmag_rail_right_2 --> <div align="center" data-freestar-ad="__300x600" id="smithsonianmag_rail_right_2" class=""> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript"> freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({ placementName: "smithsonianmag_rail_right_2", slotId: "smithsonianmag_rail_right_2" }); </script> </div> <!-- END Freestar: Tag ID - smithsonianmag_rail_right_2 --> <div class="widget-heading">Most Popular</div> <div id="id_most_popular" class="widget-most-popular"> <ol> <li> <div class="containment"> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/Yu38AsthhEWYwIMc676a5JUbNgI=/100x100/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/31/cc/31cc5416-aa8e-4407-9dc6-e9faff2a2d4b/low-res_dmanisi_3dskull2.jpg" alt="These Fossil Teeth From an 11-Year-Old Reveal Clues to Why Humans Developed an Unusually Long Childhood icon" /></div> <div class="headline"><a href="/smart-news/these-fossil-teeth-from-an-11-year-old-reveal-clues-to-why-humans-developed-an-unusually-long-childhood-180985475/">These Fossil Teeth From an 11-Year-Old Reveal Clues to Why Humans Developed an Unusually Long Childhood</a></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="containment"> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/LFGEXw2firdGiZbbjNnKhOEloAs=/100x100/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/01/52/0152b828-56b8-4e46-8263-e48660486d42/screenshot_2024-11-21_at_44419_pm.png" alt="Check Out the Highest-Resolution Images Ever Captured of the Sun&#x27;s Entire Surface icon" /></div> <div class="headline"><a href="/smart-news/check-out-the-highest-resolution-images-ever-captured-of-the-suns-entire-surface-180985518/">Check Out the Highest-Resolution Images Ever Captured of the Sun's Entire Surface</a></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="containment"> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/OE_P3XZJXNaVZlBQLPHJvfsPoL8=/100x100/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/a7/55/a755cb1c-24bd-4bb1-9439-378020c57370/dec2024_k14_prologue-1.jpg" alt="The Hero Who Convinced His Fellow Ornithologists of the Obvious: Stop Shooting Rare Birds and Watch Them Instead icon" /></div> <div class="headline"><a href="/science-nature/hero-convinced-fellow-ornithologists-obvious-stop-shooting-birds-watch-them-instead-180985445/">The Hero Who Convinced His Fellow Ornithologists of the Obvious: Stop Shooting Rare Birds and Watch Them Instead</a></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="containment"> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/FaGjQMHwsxg8S61X4K5B4lgOQPk=/100x100/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/70/a6/70a687f3-ad44-4572-8101-0f971fe7a94e/low-res_img_1268.jpg" alt="This New, Yellow Powder Quickly Pulls Carbon Dioxide From the Air, and Researchers Say &#x27;There&#x27;s Nothing Like It&#x27; icon" /></div> <div class="headline"><a href="/smart-news/this-new-yellow-powder-quickly-pulls-carbon-dioxide-from-the-air-and-researchers-say-theres-nothing-like-it-180985512/">This New, Yellow Powder Quickly Pulls Carbon Dioxide From the Air, and Researchers Say 'There's Nothing Like It'</a></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="containment"> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/IrBoiAikX-8M9l8t2Iaog29hwKY=/100x100/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/c0/96/c0962bce-ec7f-47dd-a65e-1f6db1b69a49/opener_-dec2024_a12_bermuda.jpg" alt="The Hidden History of Bermuda Is Reshaping the Way We Think About Colonial America icon" /></div> <div class="headline"><a href="/history/hidden-history-bermuda-reshaping-way-think-colonial-america-180985439/">The Hidden History of Bermuda Is Reshaping the Way We Think About Colonial America</a></div> </div> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="plugin-wrapper module sidebar_promotion smithsonian-magazine-right-rail-promotion"> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-content category-list"> <div class="homepage-featured-categories"> <div class="homepage-featured-categories"> <div class="category-label"> <hr /> <h2><a href="/videos/category/ingenuity/">Smithsonian Channel</a></h3> </div> <div class="home-category-stories home-category-videos"> <div class="article-list-item first story-item-one"> <div class="article-list-image first-image"> <a href="/videos/apollo-11-launch-photographed/"> <img class="media-thumb" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/wJzCDCCUM9aVoOCar7DVABBcnmw=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/videos/video/preview_image_ed9JpwS5QIQ_SNoNTIj3K-ZsETz6DRcZ993QNLo.jpg" title="Apollo 11 Launch: Photographed (3:51.0)" alt="Preview thumbnail for video 'Apollo 11 Launch: Photographed" /> <div class="play-container"> <div class="play-content"> <h3>Apollo 11 Launch: Photographed</h3> <div class="play-btn"><i class="fas fa-play-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="play-txt">Play</span></div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item story-item-two"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/videos/manufacturing-of-bitumen-lined-water-bottles/"> <img class="media-thumb" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/crSPuw6XaEsL1D0htXlpIIFvjHg=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/videos/video/preview_image_vuauyG5r8-E_hVO44YDMo75e93Y0lfVltWfR2Ic.jpg" title="Manufacturing of bitumen-lined water bottles (1:41.0)" alt="Preview thumbnail for video 'Manufacturing of bitumen-lined water bottles" /> <div class="play-container"> <div class="play-btn"><i class="fas fa-play-circle"></i></div> </div> </a> <h3><a href="/videos/manufacturing-of-bitumen-lined-water-bottles/">Manufacturing of bitumen-lined water bottles</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="article-list-item story-item-three"> <div class="article-list-image"> <a href="/videos/smithsonian-second-opinion-forging-the-future/"> <img class="media-thumb" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/YM8ag1ghww3lw27H6_S7ySFdwco=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/videos/video/preview_image_tEZ2Cux5E-c_C-x3libs4A4I-bIRjc64xT7fv4E.jpg" title="Smithsonian Second Opinion: Forging the Future (02:04:43.0)" alt="Preview thumbnail for video 'Smithsonian Second Opinion: Forging the Future" /> <div class="play-container"> <div class="play-btn"><i class="fas fa-play-circle"></i></div> </div> </a> <h3><a href="/videos/smithsonian-second-opinion-forging-the-future/">Smithsonian Second Opinion: Forging the Future</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-content homepage lower-content"> <div class="content-column left"> <div class="photo-of-the-day-main"> <h3 class="heading">Photo of the day</h3> <a href="https://photocontest.smithsonianmag.com/photocontest/detail/natural-art-2/"> <img src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/x9z1-YqWXWnm0ZKtrUJr0Nl1h2o=/1000x0/filters:no_upscale():focal(2225x1250:2226x1251)/https://tf-cmsv2-photocontest-smithsonianmag-prod-approved.s3.amazonaws.com/f3cd395a-f081-4a46-8694-0b74e9b53f04.jpg" alt="Viewed from above, this Icelandic river becomes a masterpiece of nature, its paths traced like brushstrokes on a canvas. Soft flows shift from deep blues to black where sandbanks emerge, and rare glacial particles lend an ethereal hue." class="thumbnail" /> <span class="caption">Natural Art</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="footerLogo"> <a href="/"><img loading="lazy" src="/static/smithsonianmag/img/smithsonian_magazine_logo_black.46435ad4efd4.svg" alt="Smithsonian Magazine Logo in Black" width="120" height="33"/></a> </div> <div class="footerNav"> <div class="footerNavItem"> <p class="textlabel">Explore</p> <ul><li> <a href="/category/smart-news/" class="smart-news" >Smart News</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/history/" class="history" >History</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/science-nature/" class="science-nature" >Science</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/innovation/" class="innovation" >Innovation</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/arts-culture/" class="arts-culture" >Arts &amp; Culture</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/travel/" class="travel" >Travel</a> </li><li> <a href="/category/smithsonian-institution/" class="smithsonian-institution" >At The Smithsonian</a> </li><li> <a href="/podcast/" class="podcast" >Podcast</a> </li><li> <a href="https://photocontest.smithsonianmag.com/photocontest/" class="photos" >Photos</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/video/" class="video" >Video</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="footerNavItem"> <p class="textlabel">Subscribe</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://subscribe.smithsonianmag.com/?idx=582&amp;inetz=footer&amp;promo_name=current-issue&amp;promo_position=footer&amp;promo_creative=link&amp;promo_id=subscribe" id="www-footer-nav">Subscribe</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.smithsonianmag.com/gift?idx=579&amp;inetz=footer&amp;promo_name=current-issue&amp;promo_position=footer&amp;promo_creative=link&amp;promo_id=gift" id="fixed-footer-gift">Give a gift</a></li> <li><a href="https://ssl.drgnetwork.com/flex/SMT/SMRENEWAL/" id="fixed-footer-renew">Renew</a></li> <li><a href="https://ssl.drgnetwork.com/SMT/cs/gidSMALL/login" target="_blank" id="fixed-footer-manage-account">Manage My Account</a></li> </ul> <p class="textlabel spacing">Newsletters</p> <ul> <li><a href="/newsletters/">Sign Up</a></li> </ul> <p class="textlabel spacing"><a href="/licensing/">Content Licensing</a></p> </div> <div class="footerNavItem"> <p class="textlabel">Our Partners</p> <ul><li> <a href="https://www.si.edu/?utm_source=Smithsonianmag.com&amp;utm_medium=globalfooter&amp;utm_campaign=referlink" class="smithsonian-institution-2" target="blank" >Smithsonian Institution</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonian.com/?utm_source=Smithsonianmag.com&amp;utm_medium=globalfooter&amp;utm_campaign=referlink" class="smithsoniancom" target="blank" >Smithsonian.com</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianstore.com/" class="smithsonian-store" target="blank" >Smithsonian Store</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianjourneys.org/catalog/?src=sjmod-new-hp&amp;utm_source=smithsonianmag.com&amp;utm_medium=module&amp;utm_campaign=sjmod-new-hp&amp;utm_content=footer" class="smithsonian-journeys" target="blank" >Smithsonian Journeys</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianchannel.com/?utm_source=Smithsonianmag.com&amp;utm_medium=globalfooter&amp;utm_campaign=referlink" class="smithsonian-channel2" target="blank" >Smithsonian Channel</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianbooks.com/?utm_source=Smithsonianmag.com&amp;utm_medium=globalfooter&amp;utm_campaign=referlink" class="smithsonian-books" target="blank" >Smithsonian Books</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.si.edu/support" class="smithsonian-membership" target="blank" >Smithsonian Membership</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="footerNavItem"> <p class="textlabel">Terms of Use</p> <ul><li> <a href="/about/" class="about-smithsonian" >About Smithsonian</a> </li><li> <a href="/contact/" class="contact-us" >Contact Us</a> </li><li> <a href="/mediakit/" class="advertising" >Advertising</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/rss/" class="rss" >RSS</a> </li><li> <a href="/member-services/" class="member-services" >Member Services</a> </li><li> <a href="/sustainability/" class="sustainability" >Sustainability</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.si.edu/termsofuse" class="terms-of-use" target="blank" >Terms of Use</a> </li><li> <a href="/privacy/" class="privacy-statement-1" >Privacy Statement</a> </li><li> <a href="/privacy/cookie-policy/" class="cookie-policy" >Cookie Policy</a> </li><li> <a href="/privacy/ad-choices/" class="advertising-notice" >Advertising Notice</a> </li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="footerLinks"> <p> <p> <span>&copy; 2024 Smithsonian Magazine</span> <span><a class="privacy-statement" href="/privacy/">Privacy Statement</a></span> <span><a class="cookie-policy-2" href="/privacy/cookie-policy/">Cookie Policy</a></span> <span><a class="terms-of-use-2" href="https://www.si.edu/termsofuse" target="blank">Terms of Use</a></span> <span><a class="advertising-notice-2" href="/privacy/ad-choices/">Advertising Notice</a></span> <span><a class="your-privacy-rights" href="/privacy/manage-my-data/">Your Privacy Rights</a></span> <span><a id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings">Cookie Settings</a></span> </p> </div> </footer> <!-- BEGIN Freestar: Tag ID - smithsonianmag_1x1_bouncex --> <div align="center" data-freestar-ad="__1x1" id="smithsonianmag_1x1_bouncex" class=""> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript"> freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({ placementName: "smithsonianmag_1x1_bouncex", slotId: "smithsonianmag_1x1_bouncex" }); </script> </div> <!-- END Freestar: Tag ID - smithsonianmag_1x1_bouncex --> <script> // ============================= // Updated sticky leaderboard ad // ============================= document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const header = document.querySelector('header'); const leaderboardAd = document.querySelector('#leaderboardAd'); const cmsToolbar = document.querySelector('.cms-toolbar'); // CMS toolbar adjustments if (cmsToolbar != null) { document.querySelector('html').style.marginTop = 0; document.querySelector('html').classList.remove('cms-toolbar-expanded'); cmsToolbar.style.backgroundColor = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.8)'; } // Only adjust spacing if leaderboard ad exists on the page if (leaderboardAd != null) { // Default spacing pre-ad load, adjusted for mobile if (window.innerWidth <= 782) { header.style.top = '70px'; header.nextElementSibling.style.marginTop = 65 + 'px'; } else if (window.innerWidth <= 969) { header.style.top = '110px'; header.nextElementSibling.style.marginTop = 105 + 'px'; } else { header.style.top = '250px'; header.nextElementSibling.style.marginTop = 245 + 'px'; } // Reset spacing based on loaded leaderboard ad height setTimeout(function () { if (cmsToolbar != null) { leaderboardAd.style.top = cmsToolbar.offsetHeight + 'px'; header.style.top = cmsToolbar.offsetHeight + leaderboardAd.offsetHeight + 'px'; header.nextElementSibling.style.marginTop = cmsToolbar.offsetHeight + leaderboardAd.offsetHeight + 'px'; } else { header.style.top = leaderboardAd.offsetHeight + 'px'; header.nextElementSibling.style.marginTop = leaderboardAd.offsetHeight + 'px'; } }, 3000); // Sticky ad for 5 seconds setTimeout(function () { const scrolledDistance = window.pageYOffset; let prevScrollPos = 0; const handleScroll = function () { if (this.window.pageYOffset > scrolledDistance) { const leaderboardAdRect = leaderboardAd.getBoundingClientRect(); const leaderboardAdVisibleHeight = Math.min(leaderboardAdRect.bottom, window.innerHeight) - Math.max(leaderboardAdRect.top, 0); let count = 0; // Manage spacing if leaderboard ad is visible on the screen while scrolling if ( (leaderboardAdRect.top >= 0 && leaderboardAdRect.top <= window.innerHeight) || (leaderboardAdRect.bottom >= -2 && leaderboardAdRect.bottom <= window.innerHeight && count === 0) ) { header.style.top = leaderboardAdRect.bottom - 2 + 'px'; leaderboardAd.style.top = '-' + (this.window.pageYOffset - scrolledDistance - 8) + 'px'; count++; } else { leaderboardAd.style.position = 'relative'; leaderboardAd.style.top = 0; header.style.top = 0; header.nextElementSibling.style.marginTop = 0; // Remove additional padding for article special if (document.querySelector('.main-content.article header') != null) { document.querySelector('.main-content.article header').style.paddingTop = 0; } window.removeEventListener('scroll', handleScroll); // Remove event listener } } }; window.addEventListener('scroll', handleScroll); }, 5000); } else { if (cmsToolbar != null) { header.style.top = cmsToolbar.offsetHeight + 'px'; header.nextElementSibling.style.marginTop = cmsToolbar.offsetHeight + header.offsetHeight + 'px'; } else { header.style.top = 0; header.nextElementSibling.style.marginTop = header.offsetHeight + 'px'; } } }); // ========================== // Close side menu on X click // ========================== document.querySelector('.fa-xmark').addEventListener('click', function() { document.getElementById('sideNav').classList.remove('open'); }); </script> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e7a4a587b946584',t:'MTczMjQ2MDY1NS4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10