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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Body" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Body</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Base</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Head" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Head</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Head-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Neck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Articulations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insertions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insertions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Insertions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insertions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Congenital_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congenital_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Congenital disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congenital_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fracture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fracture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fracture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fracture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Additional images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Metacarpal bones</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="مشط اليد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشط اليد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%A3%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%95%DC%90" title="ܡܣܘܪܩܐ ܕܐܝܕܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܣܘܪܩܐ ܕܐܝܕܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fldara%C4%9F%C4%B1_s%C3%BCm%C3%BCkl%C9%99ri" title="Əldarağı sümükləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əldarağı sümükləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81_%D2%BB%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Ус һөйәктәре – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ус һөйәктәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosti_grane_%C5%A1ake" title="Kosti grane šake – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kosti grane šake" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskern_ar_palv" title="Eskern ar palv – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eskern ar palv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacarp" title="Metacarp – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metacarp" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%B2%C4%83%C3%A7_%D1%88%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ывăç шăммисем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ывăç шăммисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1prst%C3%AD" title="Záprstí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Záprstí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittelhandknochen" title="Mittelhandknochen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mittelhandknochen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacarpo" title="Metacarpo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metacarpo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metakarpo" title="Metakarpo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metakarpo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metakarpo" title="Metakarpo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metakarpo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="استخوان‌های کف‌دستی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استخوان‌های کف‌دستی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tacarpien" title="Métacarpien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métacarpien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacarpo" title="Metacarpo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metacarpo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%90%ED%97%88%EB%A6%AC%EB%BC%88" title="손허리뼈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="손허리뼈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosti_zape%C5%A1%C4%87a" title="Kosti zapešća – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kosti zapešća" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metakarpo" title="Metakarpo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Metakarpo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metakarpus" title="Metakarpus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Metakarpus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacarpo" title="Metacarpo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metacarpo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%A7_(%D7%9B%D7%A3_%D7%99%D7%93)" title="עצמות המסרק (כף יד) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עצמות המסרק (כף יד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნების ძვლები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნების ძვლები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacarpium" title="Metacarpium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metacarpium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delnakauliai" title="Delnakauliai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Delnakauliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9zk%C3%B6z%C3%A9pcsont" title="Kézközépcsont – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kézközépcsont" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metakarpus" title="Metakarpus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Metakarpus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middenhandsbeen" title="Middenhandsbeen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Middenhandsbeen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8" title="मेटाकार्पस – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मेटाकार्पस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%89%8B%E9%AA%A8" title="中手骨 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中手骨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C3%B3dr%C4%99cze" title="Śródręcze – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Śródręcze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacarpo" title="Metacarpo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metacarpo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacarp" title="Metacarp – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metacarp" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Пястные кости – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пястные кости" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacarpal_bones" title="Metacarpal bones – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metacarpal bones" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1prstn%C3%A1_kos%C5%A5" title="Záprstná kosť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Záprstná kosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlan%C4%8Dnica" title="Dlančnica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dlančnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosti_zape%C5%A1%C4%87a" title="Kosti zapešća – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kosti zapešća" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4mmenluut" title="Kämmenluut – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kämmenluut" 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:whitesmoke">Metacarpal bones</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Metacarpal_bones_(left_hand)_01_palmar_view_with_label.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_01_palmar_view_with_label.png/250px-Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_01_palmar_view_with_label.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_01_palmar_view_with_label.png/375px-Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_01_palmar_view_with_label.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_01_palmar_view_with_label.png/500px-Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_01_palmar_view_with_label.png 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Metacarpals shown in red. Left hand, anterior (palmar) view.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Metacarpus_ant_with_label.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Metacarpus_ant_with_label.png/250px-Metacarpus_ant_with_label.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Metacarpus_ant_with_label.png/375px-Metacarpus_ant_with_label.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Metacarpus_ant_with_label.png/500px-Metacarpus_ant_with_label.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="597" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The five metacarpal bones, numbered. Left hand, anterior (palmar) view. <p>os primum metacarpale / os metacarpale I </p><p>os secundum metacarpale / os metacarpale II </p><p>os tertium metacarpale / os metacarpale III </p><p>os quartum metacarpale / os metacarpale IV </p> os quintum metacarpale / os metacarpale V</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Origins</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carpal_bones" title="Carpal bones">Carpal bones</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">wrist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Insertions</th><td class="infobox-data">Proximal <a href="/wiki/Phalanx_bones" class="mw-redirect" title="Phalanx bones">phalanges</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Articulations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpal_joint" title="Carpometacarpal joint">Carpometacarpal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intermetacarpal_articulations" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermetacarpal articulations">intermetacarpal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metacarpophalangeal_joint" title="Metacarpophalangeal joint">metacarpophalangeal</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>os metacarpale<br />pl. ossa metacarpalia</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D050279">D050279</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/02.4.09.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A02.4.09.001</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=1264">1264</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma9612">9612</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_bone" title="Anatomical terms of bone">Anatomical terms of bone</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237229" class="extiw" title="d:Q237229">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Human_anatomy" title="Human anatomy">human anatomy</a>, the <b>metacarpal bones</b> or <b>metacarpus</b>, also known as the "palm bones", are the <a href="/wiki/Appendicular_skeleton" title="Appendicular skeleton">appendicular</a> <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bones</a> that form the intermediate part of the <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">hand</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Phalanges" class="mw-redirect" title="Phalanges">phalanges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">fingers</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Carpal_bones" title="Carpal bones">carpal bones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">wrist bones</a>), which <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">articulate</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">forearm</a>. The metacarpal bones are <a href="/wiki/Homolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Homolog">homologous</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Metatarsal_bones" title="Metatarsal bones">metatarsal bones</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">foot</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metacarpus_(left_hand)_dorsal_view.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metacarpus_%28left_hand%29_dorsal_view.png/300px-Metacarpus_%28left_hand%29_dorsal_view.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metacarpus_%28left_hand%29_dorsal_view.png/450px-Metacarpus_%28left_hand%29_dorsal_view.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Metacarpus_%28left_hand%29_dorsal_view.png/600px-Metacarpus_%28left_hand%29_dorsal_view.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Left hand shown with thumb on left.</figcaption></figure> <p>The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal is somewhat more mobile while the fifth metacarpal is semi-independent.<sup id="cite_ref-Tubiana-11_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tubiana-11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each metacarpal bone consists of a body or shaft, and two extremities; the <i>head</i> at the distal or digital end (near the fingers), and the <i>base</i> at the proximal or carpal end (close to the wrist). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Body">Body</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Body"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>body</i> (<i>shaft</i>) is <a href="/wiki/Prismatoid" title="Prismatoid">prismoid</a> in form, and curved, so as to be convex in the longitudinal direction behind, concave in front. It presents three surfaces: medial, lateral, and dorsal. </p> <ul><li>The <i>medial</i> and <i>lateral surfaces</i> are concave, for the attachment of the <a href="/wiki/Interosseus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Interosseus muscle">interosseus muscles</a>, and separated from one another by a prominent anterior ridge.</li> <li>The <i>dorsal surface</i> presents in its distal two-thirds a smooth, triangular, flattened area which is covered in by the tendons of the extensor muscles. This surface is bounded by two lines, which commence in small tubercles situated on either side of the digital extremity, and, passing upward, converge and meet some distance above the center of the bone and form a ridge which runs along the rest of the dorsal surface to the carpal extremity. This ridge separates two sloping surfaces for the attachment of the <i><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_interossei_of_the_hand" title="Dorsal interossei of the hand">interossei dorsales</a></i>.</li> <li>To the tubercles on the digital extremities are attached the collateral ligaments of the <a href="/wiki/Metacarpophalangeal_joints" class="mw-redirect" title="Metacarpophalangeal joints">metacarpophalangeal joints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray's_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray's-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Base">Base</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Base"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>base</i> (<i>basis</i>) or <i>carpal extremity</i> is of a cuboidal form, and broader behind than in front. It articulates with the <a href="/wiki/Carpal_bones" title="Carpal bones">carpal bones</a> and with the adjoining metacarpal bones while its dorsal and volar surfaces are rough, for the attachment of <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">ligaments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray's_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray's-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Head">Head</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Head"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>head</i> (<i>caput</i>) or <i>digital extremity</i> presents an oblong surface markedly convex from before backward, less so transversely, and flattened from side to side; it articulates with the <a href="/wiki/Proximal_phalanx" class="mw-redirect" title="Proximal phalanx">proximal phalanx</a>. It is broader, and extends farther upward, on the volar than on the dorsal aspect, and is longer in the antero-posterior than in the transverse diameter. On either side of the head is a tubercle for the attachment of the collateral ligament of the <a href="/wiki/Metacarpophalangeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metacarpophalangeal">metacarpophalangeal</a> joint. </p><p>The dorsal surface, broad and flat, supports the tendons of the <a href="/wiki/Extensor_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensor muscle">extensor muscles</a>. </p><p>The volar surface is grooved in the middle line for the passage of the flexor tendons, and marked on either side by an articular eminence continuous with the terminal articular surface.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray's_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray's-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neck">Neck</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Neck"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The neck, or <i>subcapital</i> segment, is the transition zone between the body and the head. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articulations">Articulations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Articulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides the <a href="/wiki/Metacarpophalangeal_joint" title="Metacarpophalangeal joint">metacarpophalangeal joints</a>, the metacarpal bones <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">articulate</a> by <a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpal_joint" title="Carpometacarpal joint">carpometacarpal joints</a> as follows: </p> <ol><li>the <a href="/wiki/First_metacarpal_bone" title="First metacarpal bone">first</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Trapezium_(bone)" title="Trapezium (bone)">trapezium</a>;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Second_metacarpal_bone" title="Second metacarpal bone">second</a> with the trapezium, <a href="/wiki/Trapezoid_bone" title="Trapezoid bone">trapezoid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitate">capitate</a> and third metacarpal;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Third_metacarpal_bone" title="Third metacarpal bone">third</a> with the capitate and second and fourth metacarpals;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_metacarpal_bone" title="Fourth metacarpal bone">fourth</a> with the capitate, <a href="/wiki/Hamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamate">hamate</a>, and third and fifth metacarpals;</li> <li>and the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_metacarpal_bone" title="Fifth metacarpal bone">fifth</a> with the hamate and fourth metacarpal;</li></ol> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 402px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 400px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carpus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carpometacarpal joints of the left hand. Thumb on left."><img alt="Carpometacarpal joints of the left hand. Thumb on left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Carpus.jpg/600px-Carpus.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Carpus.jpg/900px-Carpus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Carpus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpal_joints" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpometacarpal joints">Carpometacarpal joints</a> of the left hand. Thumb on left.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 386px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 384px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ospoignet.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Carpometacarpal joints of the left hand. Thumb on left."><img alt="Carpometacarpal joints of the left hand. Thumb on left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Ospoignet.gif" decoding="async" width="384" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carpometacarpal joints of the left hand. Thumb on left.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 456.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 454.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:814_Radiograph_of_Hand.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X-ray"><img alt="X-ray" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/814_Radiograph_of_Hand.jpg/682px-814_Radiograph_of_Hand.jpg" decoding="async" width="455" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/814_Radiograph_of_Hand.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="639" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X-ray</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insertions">Insertions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Insertions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Extensor_Carpi_Radialis_Longus" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus">Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Extensor_Carpi_Radialis_Brevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis">Brevis</a></i>: Both insert on the base of metacarpal II; Assist with wrist extension and radial flexion of the wrist </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Extensor_Carpi_Ulnaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensor Carpi Ulnaris">Extensor Carpi Ulnaris</a></i>: Inserts on the base of metacarpal V; Extends and fixes wrist when digits are being flexed; assists with ulnar flexion of wrist </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Abductor_Pollicis_Longus" class="mw-redirect" title="Abductor Pollicis Longus">Abductor Pollicis Longus</a></i>: Inserts on the trapezium and base of metacarpal I; Abducts thumb in frontal plane; extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Opponens_pollicis_muscle" title="Opponens pollicis muscle">Opponens Pollicis</a></i>: Inserts on metacarpal I; flexes metacarpal I to oppose the thumb to the fingertips </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Opponens_digiti_minimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Opponens digiti minimi">Opponens digiti minimi</a></i>: Inserts on the medial surface of metacarpal V; Flexes metacarpal V at carpometacarpal joint when little finger is moved into opposition with tip of thumb; deepens palm of hand.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray219_-_Metacarpus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Metacarpus (yellow). Insertions are shown in red. Left hand, anterior (palmar) view."><img alt="Metacarpus (yellow). Insertions are shown in red. Left hand, anterior (palmar) view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray219_-_Metacarpus.png/94px-Gray219_-_Metacarpus.png" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray219_-_Metacarpus.png/141px-Gray219_-_Metacarpus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray219_-_Metacarpus.png/188px-Gray219_-_Metacarpus.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="831" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Metacarpus (yellow). Insertions are shown in red. Left hand, anterior (palmar) view. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray220_-_Metacarpus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Metacarpus (yellow). Insertions are shown in red. Left hand, posterior (dorsal) view."><img alt="Metacarpus (yellow). Insertions are shown in red. Left hand, posterior (dorsal) view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gray220_-_Metacarpus.png/98px-Gray220_-_Metacarpus.png" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gray220_-_Metacarpus.png/147px-Gray220_-_Metacarpus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gray220_-_Metacarpus.png/195px-Gray220_-_Metacarpus.png 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Metacarpus (yellow). Insertions are shown in red. Left hand, posterior (dorsal) view.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congenital_disorders">Congenital disorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Congenital disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fourth and fifth metacarpal bones are commonly "blunted" or shortened, in <a href="/wiki/Pseudohypoparathyroidism" title="Pseudohypoparathyroidism">pseudohypoparathyroidism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism" title="Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism">pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism</a>. </p><p>A blunted fourth metacarpal, with normal fifth metacarpal, can signify <a href="/wiki/Turner_syndrome" title="Turner syndrome">Turner syndrome</a>. </p><p>Blunted metacarpals (particularly the fourth metacarpal) are a symptom of <a href="/wiki/Nevoid_basal-cell_carcinoma_syndrome" title="Nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome">nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fracture">Fracture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fracture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The neck of a metacarpal is a common location for a <a href="/wiki/Boxer%27s_fracture" title="Boxer's fracture">boxer's fracture</a>, but all parts of the metacarpal bone (including head, body and base) are susceptible to fracture. During their lifetime, 2.5% of individuals will experience at least one metacarpal fracture. <a href="/wiki/Bennett%27s_fracture" title="Bennett's fracture">Bennett's fracture</a> (base of the thumb) is the most common.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several types of treatment exist ranging from non-operative techniques, with or without immobilization, to operative techniques using closed or <a href="/wiki/Internal_fixation" title="Internal fixation">open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)</a>. Generally, most fractures showing little or no displacement can be treated successfully without surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intraarticular fracture-dislocations of the metacarpal head or base may require surgical fixation, as fragment displacement affecting the joint surface is rarely tolerated well.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evolution_pl.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Evolution_pl.png/500px-Evolution_pl.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Evolution_pl.png/750px-Evolution_pl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Evolution_pl.png/1000px-Evolution_pl.png 2x" data-file-width="2222" data-file-height="1578" /></a><figcaption>The principle of <a href="/wiki/Homology_(biology)" title="Homology (biology)">homology</a> illustrated by the adaptive radiation of the metacarpal bones of mammals. All conform to the basic <a href="/wiki/Pentadactyl" title="Pentadactyl">pentadactyl</a> pattern but are modified for different usages. The third metacarpal is shaded throughout; the shoulder is crossed-hatched.</figcaption></figure> <p>In four-legged animals, the metacarpals form part of the forefeet, and are frequently reduced in number, appropriate to the number of toes. In <a href="/wiki/Digitigrade" title="Digitigrade">digitigrade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unguligrade" class="mw-redirect" title="Unguligrade">unguligrade</a> animals, the metacarpals are greatly extended and strengthened, forming an additional segment to the limb, a feature that typically enhances the animal's speed. In both <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a>, the metacarpals form part of the wing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Greek <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a> used to refer to the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">metacarpus</i></span> as μετακάρπιον.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyrtl1880-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Latin form <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">metacarpium</i></span> <sup id="cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyrtl1880-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schreger_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schreger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1908_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1908-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1910a_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1910a-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more truly resembles<sup id="cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyrtl1880-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its Ancient Greek predecessor μετακάρπιον than metacarpus.<sup id="cite_ref-His_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-His-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FCAT_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCAT-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English" title="List of Greek and Latin roots in English">Meta–</a> is Greek for beyond and carpal from Ancient Greek <i>καρπός</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">karpós</i></span>, “wrist”). In anatomic Latin, adjectives like <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">metacarpius</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1910b_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1910b-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">metacarpicus</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1936_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1936-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">metacarpiaeus</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Siebenhaar1850_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siebenhaar1850-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">metacarpeus</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-NA3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NA3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">metacarpianus</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-Foster1891_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foster1891-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">metacarpalis</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FCAT_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCAT-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can be found. The form <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">metacarpius</i></span> is more true<sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1908_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1908-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1910b_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1910b-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the later Greek form μετακάρπιος.<sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1910b_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1910b-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Metacarpalis</i></span>, as in <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ossa metacarpalia</i></span> in the current official Latin nomenclature, <i><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">Terminologia Anatomica</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FCAT_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCAT-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a compound consisting of Latin and Greek parts.<sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1936_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1936-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usage of such hybrids in anatomic Latin is disapproved by some.<sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1908_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1908-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1936_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1936-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metacarpal_bones_(left_hand)_-_animation01.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Metacarpus of the left hand (shown in red). Animation."><img alt="Metacarpus of the left hand (shown in red). Animation." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_-_animation01.gif/120px-Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_-_animation01.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_-_animation01.gif/180px-Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_-_animation01.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_-_animation01.gif/240px-Metacarpal_bones_%28left_hand%29_-_animation01.gif 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Metacarpus of the left hand (shown in red). Animation.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medical_X-Ray_imaging_VNH07_nevit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X-ray image of right hand with thumb on left."><img alt="X-ray image of right hand with thumb on left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Medical_X-Ray_imaging_VNH07_nevit.jpg/95px-Medical_X-Ray_imaging_VNH07_nevit.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Medical_X-Ray_imaging_VNH07_nevit.jpg/143px-Medical_X-Ray_imaging_VNH07_nevit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Medical_X-Ray_imaging_VNH07_nevit.jpg/190px-Medical_X-Ray_imaging_VNH07_nevit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1974" data-file-height="2486" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X-ray image of right hand with thumb on left.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metacarpal_fractures.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Multiple fractures of the metacarpals (aka broken hand). (Right hand shown with thumb on left.)"><img alt="Multiple fractures of the metacarpals (aka broken hand). (Right hand shown with thumb on left.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Metacarpal_fractures.jpg/120px-Metacarpal_fractures.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Metacarpal_fractures.jpg/180px-Metacarpal_fractures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Metacarpal_fractures.jpg/240px-Metacarpal_fractures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Multiple fractures of the metacarpals (aka broken hand). (Right hand shown with thumb on left.)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medical_X-Ray_imaging_OCU06_nevit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="X-ray image of human infant left hand."><img alt="X-ray image of human infant left hand." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Medical_X-Ray_imaging_OCU06_nevit.jpg/90px-Medical_X-Ray_imaging_OCU06_nevit.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Medical_X-Ray_imaging_OCU06_nevit.jpg/135px-Medical_X-Ray_imaging_OCU06_nevit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Medical_X-Ray_imaging_OCU06_nevit.jpg/179px-Medical_X-Ray_imaging_OCU06_nevit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1784" data-file-height="2384" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X-ray image of human infant left hand.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_of_embryo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Micro-radiography of 8 weeks human embryo hand"><img alt="Micro-radiography of 8 weeks human embryo hand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hand_of_embryo.jpg/120px-Hand_of_embryo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hand_of_embryo.jpg/180px-Hand_of_embryo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hand_of_embryo.jpg/240px-Hand_of_embryo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="957" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Micro-radiography of 8 weeks human embryo hand </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide1dsds.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Right hand. Deep dissection. Anterior (palmar) view."><img alt="Right hand. Deep dissection. Anterior (palmar) view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Slide1dsds.JPG/120px-Slide1dsds.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Slide1dsds.JPG/180px-Slide1dsds.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Slide1dsds.JPG/240px-Slide1dsds.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Right hand. Deep dissection. Anterior (palmar) view.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide1tyty.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Right hand. Deep dissection. Posterior (dorsal) view."><img alt="Right hand. Deep dissection. Posterior (dorsal) view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Slide1tyty.JPG/120px-Slide1tyty.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Slide1tyty.JPG/180px-Slide1tyty.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Slide1tyty.JPG/240px-Slide1tyty.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Right hand. Deep dissection. Posterior (dorsal) view.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metacarpal_synostosis" title="Metacarpal synostosis">Metacarpal synostosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpal_bossing" title="Carpometacarpal bossing">Carpometacarpal bossing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/227/mode/2up">page 227</a> of the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tubiana-11-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tubiana-11_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tubiana <i>et al</i> 1998, p 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray's-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gray's_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray's_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray's_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a></i>. (See infobox)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saladin, Kenneth S. "Capt. 10." Anatomy & Physiology: the Unity of Form and Function. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill, 2010. 361-64. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGoruHaqueVermaMustafa2022" class="citation journal cs1">Goru, Poornanand; Haque, Syed; Verma, Gopalkrishna G.; Mustafa, Abubakar; Ebinesan, Ananthan (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9733783">"Bennett's Fracture Management: A Systematic Review of Literature"</a>. <i>Cureus</i>. <b>14</b> (11): e31340. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.31340">10.7759/cureus.31340</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2168-8184">2168-8184</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9733783">9733783</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36514567">36514567</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cureus&rft.atitle=Bennett%27s+Fracture+Management%3A+A+Systematic+Review+of+Literature&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=e31340&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9733783%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2168-8184&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36514567&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7759%2Fcureus.31340&rft.aulast=Goru&rft.aufirst=Poornanand&rft.au=Haque%2C+Syed&rft.au=Verma%2C+Gopalkrishna+G.&rft.au=Mustafa%2C+Abubakar&rft.au=Ebinesan%2C+Ananthan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9733783&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetacarpal+bones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1255690810"><i>GREEN'S OPERATIVE HAND SURGERY : 2-volume set</i></a>. [S.l.]: ELSEVIER - HEALTH SCIENCE. 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-69793-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-69793-4"><bdi>978-0-323-69793-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1255690810">1255690810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GREEN%27S+OPERATIVE+HAND+SURGERY+%3A+2-volume+set.&rft.place=%5BS.l.%5D&rft.pub=ELSEVIER+-+HEALTH+SCIENCE&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1255690810&rft.isbn=978-0-323-69793-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1255690810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetacarpal+bones" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hyrtl1880-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hyrtl, J. (1880). <i>Onomatologia Anatomica. Geschichte und Kritik der anatomischen Sprache der Gegenwart.</i> Wien: Wilhelm Braumüller. K.K. Hof- und Universitätsbuchhändler.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). <i>A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.</i> Oxford: Clarendon Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schreger-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schreger_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schreger, C.H.Th.(1805). <i>Synonymia anatomica. Synonymik der anatomischen Nomenclatur.</i> Fürth: im Bureau für Literatur.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triepel1908-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Triepel1908_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Triepel1908_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Triepel1908_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Triepel, H. (1908). Memorial on the anatomical nomenclature of the anatomical society. In A. Rose (Ed.), <i>Medical Greek. Collection of papers on medical onomatology and a grammatical guide to learn modern Greek</i> (pp. 176-193). New York: Peri Hellados publication office.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triepel1910a-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Triepel1910a_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Triepel, H. (1910). <i>Nomina Anatomica. Mit Unterstützung von Fachphilologen.</i> Wiesbaden: Verlag J.F. Bergmann.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-His-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-His_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">His, W. (1895). <i>Die anatomische Nomenclatur. Nomina Anatomica. Der von der Anatomischen Gesellschaft auf ihrer IX. Versammlung in Basel angenommenen Namen</i>. Leipzig: Verlag Veit & Comp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCAT-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FCAT_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCAT_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCAT_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998). <i>Terminologia Anatomica</i>. Stuttgart: Thieme</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triepel1910b-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Triepel1910b_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Triepel1910b_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Triepel1910b_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Triepel, H. (1910). <i>Die anatomischen Namen. Ihre Ableitung und Aussprache. Mit einem Anhang: Biographische Notizen.</i>(Dritte Auflage). Wiesbaden: Verlag J.F. Bergmann.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triepel1936-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Triepel1936_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Triepel1936_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Triepel1936_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Triepel, H. & Stieve, H. (1936). <i>Die anatomischen Namen. Ihre Ableitung und Aussprache. Anhang: Eigennamen, die früher in der Anatomie verwendet wurden.</i>(Achtzehnte Auflage). Berlin/Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siebenhaar1850-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siebenhaar1850_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). <i>Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.</i> (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NA3-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NA3_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1966). <i>Nomina Anatomica</i> . Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foster1891-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Foster1891_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). <i>An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.</i> New York: D. Appleton and Company.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacarpal_bones&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTubianaThomineMackin1998" class="citation book cs1">Tubiana, Raoul; Thomine, Jean-Michel; Mackin, Evelyn (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G1gWHR1_J9UC&pg=PA10"><i>Examination of the Hand and Wrist</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85317-544-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85317-544-7"><bdi>1-85317-544-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Examination+of+the+Hand+and+Wrist&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-85317-544-7&rft.aulast=Tubiana&rft.aufirst=Raoul&rft.au=Thomine%2C+Jean-Michel&rft.au=Mackin%2C+Evelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG1gWHR1_J9UC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetacarpal+bones" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bones_of_the_arm98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bones_of_upper_limb" title="Template:Bones of upper limb"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bones_of_upper_limb" title="Template talk:Bones of upper limb"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bones_of_upper_limb" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bones of upper limb"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bones_of_the_arm98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">Bones</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">arm</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_girdle" title="Shoulder girdle">Shoulder girdle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clavicle" title="Clavicle">clavicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conoid_tubercle" class="mw-redirect" title="Conoid tubercle">conoid tubercle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapezoid_line" title="Trapezoid line">trapezoid line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costal_tuberosity_of_clavicle" title="Costal tuberosity of clavicle">costal tuberosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subclavian_groove" title="Subclavian groove">subclavian groove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scapula" title="Scapula">Scapula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>fossae</i> (<a href="/wiki/Subscapular_fossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Subscapular fossa">subscapular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supraspinatous_fossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Supraspinatous fossa">supraspinatous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infraspinatous_fossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Infraspinatous fossa">infraspinatous</a>)</li> <li><i>notches</i> (<a href="/wiki/Suprascapular_notch" title="Suprascapular notch">suprascapular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_scapular_notch" title="Great scapular notch">great scapular</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenoid_fossa" title="Glenoid fossa">glenoid fossa</a></li> <li><i>tubercles</i> (<a href="/wiki/Infraglenoid_tubercle" title="Infraglenoid tubercle">infraglenoid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supraglenoid_tubercle" title="Supraglenoid tubercle">supraglenoid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spine_of_scapula" title="Spine of scapula">spine of scapula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acromion" title="Acromion">acromion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracoid_process" title="Coracoid process">coracoid process</a></li> <li><i>angles</i> (<a href="/wiki/Superior_angle_of_scapula" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior angle of scapula">superior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferior_angle_of_the_scapula" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior angle of the scapula">inferior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lateral_angle_of_the_scapula" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral angle of the scapula">lateral</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Humerus" title="Humerus">Humerus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Upper_extremity_of_humerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper extremity of humerus">upper extremity</a>:</i> <i>necks</i> (<a href="/wiki/Anatomical_neck_of_humerus" title="Anatomical neck of humerus">anatomical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surgical_neck_of_the_humerus" title="Surgical neck of the humerus">surgical</a>)</li> <li><i>tubercles</i> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_tubercle" title="Greater tubercle">greater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_tubercle" title="Lesser tubercle">lesser</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicipital_groove" title="Bicipital groove">bicipital groove</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Body_of_humerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Body of humerus">body</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Radial_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Radial sulcus">radial sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltoid_tuberosity" title="Deltoid tuberosity">deltoid tuberosity</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lower_extremity_of_humerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower extremity of humerus">lower extremity</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Capitulum_of_the_humerus" title="Capitulum of the humerus">capitulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trochlea_of_humerus" title="Trochlea of humerus">trochlea</a></li> <li><i>epicondyles</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_humerus" title="Lateral epicondyle of the humerus">lateral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus" title="Medial epicondyle of the humerus">medial</a>)</li> <li><i>supracondylar ridges</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lateral_supracondylar_ridge" title="Lateral supracondylar ridge">lateral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medial_supracondylar_ridge" title="Medial supracondylar ridge">medial</a>)</li> <li><i>fossae</i> (<a href="/wiki/Radial_fossa" title="Radial fossa">radial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coronoid_fossa_of_the_humerus" title="Coronoid fossa of the humerus">coronoid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olecranon_fossa" title="Olecranon fossa">olecranon</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">Forearm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radius_(bone)" title="Radius (bone)">Radius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>near elbow (<a href="/wiki/Head_of_radius" title="Head of radius">head</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radial_tuberosity" title="Radial tuberosity">tuberosity</a>)</li> <li>near wrist (<a href="/wiki/Ulnar_notch_of_the_radius" title="Ulnar notch of the radius">ulnar notch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radial_styloid_process" title="Radial styloid process">styloid process</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lister%27s_tubercle" title="Lister's tubercle">Lister's tubercle</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ulna" title="Ulna">Ulna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>near elbow (<a href="/wiki/Tuberosity_of_the_ulna" title="Tuberosity of the ulna">tuberosity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olecranon" title="Olecranon">olecranon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coronoid_process_of_the_ulna" title="Coronoid process of the ulna">coronoid process</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radial_notch" title="Radial notch">radial notch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trochlear_notch" title="Trochlear notch">trochlear notch</a>)</li> <li>near wrist (<a href="/wiki/Ulnar_styloid_process" title="Ulnar styloid process">styloid process</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Hand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carpal_bones" title="Carpal bones">Carpal bones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scaphoid_bone" title="Scaphoid bone">scaphoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunate_bone" title="Lunate bone">lunate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triquetral_bone" title="Triquetral bone">triquetral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisiform_bone" title="Pisiform bone">pisiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapezium_(bone)" title="Trapezium (bone)">trapezium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapezoid_bone" title="Trapezoid bone">trapezoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitate_bone" title="Capitate bone">capitate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamate_bone" title="Hamate bone">hamate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamulus_of_hamate_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamulus of hamate bone">hamulus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metacarpal bones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_metacarpal_bone" title="First metacarpal bone">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_metacarpal_bone" title="Second metacarpal bone">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_metacarpal_bone" title="Third metacarpal bone">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_metacarpal_bone" title="Fourth metacarpal bone">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_metacarpal_bone" title="Fifth metacarpal bone">5th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phalanx_bone" title="Phalanx bone">Phalanges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proximal_phalanges" class="mw-redirect" title="Proximal phalanges">proximal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_phalanges" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate phalanges">intermediate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distal_phalanges" class="mw-redirect" title="Distal phalanges">distal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg/12px-Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="12" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg/18px-Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg/24px-Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anatomy" title="Portal:Anatomy">Anatomy</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237229#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata672" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237229#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata672" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237229#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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