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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"> The historiography of Canada deals with the manner in which <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historians</a> have depicted, analyzed, and debated the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada" title="History of Canada">history of Canada</a>. It also covers the popular memory of critical historical events, ideas and leaders, as well as the depiction of those events in <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Canada" title="List of museums in Canada">museums</a>, monuments, reenactments, pageants and <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">historic sites</a>. Amateur historians dominated publications in the 19th century, and are still very widely read, and pulling many tourists to museums and historic sites. They favored such themes as the colonial history, exploration, and the great contest for control between the British and the French. Professional historians emerged from the academic institutions, and typically were trained in British universities. Major themes in recent generations continue to be exploration and settlement, the British <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_1760" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of 1760">conquest of 1760</a>, the independent emergence of a <a href="/wiki/Quebec_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec culture">Quebec culture</a> separate from both France and Britain, involvement in wars with the United States (in <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">1776</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">1812</a>), and Canadian roles in the two world wars (<a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada_during_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Canada during World War I">WWI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Canada during World War II">WWII</a>) of the 20th century. In <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">political history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a> remains a major theme, as do the political conflicts between ethnic, racial and religious coalitions. Nationalism has replaced the earlier emphasis on the very close links to British culture. <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history" title="Diplomatic history">Diplomatic history</a> starts in the early 20th century, and for the post 1945 era emphasizes Canada's role as a <a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">middle power</a> in world affairs. <a href="/wiki/Economic_historians" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic historians">Economic historians</a> emphasize the role of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence transportation system</a>, and the export of staple commodities. <a href="/wiki/Social_historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Social historian">Social historians</a> have taken new perspectives on <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Canada" title="History of women in Canada">women</a> and gender, and <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Canada" title="Multiculturalism in Canada">multiculturalism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cultural_history" title="Cultural history">Cultural historians</a> have paid special attention to the dominance of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">American influences</a>, and efforts to sustain an independent Canadian perspective. Most recently <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalism</a> has become a topic both for specialist, and for generalists who use the Canadian experience as a model. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Amateur_historians">1 Amateur historians</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Organizations_of_professional_historians">2 Organizations of professional historians</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Political_history">2.1 Political history</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#The_Conquest">3 The Conquest</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Loyalists">4 Loyalists</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#War_of_1812">5 War of 1812</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#First_Nations">5.1 First Nations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Economic_history">6 Economic history</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Staples_thesis">6.1 Staples thesis</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Core-periphery_model">6.1.1 Core-periphery model</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Keynesian_version">6.1.2 Keynesian version</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Whig_history:_Political_history_with_a_definite_goal">7 Whig history: Political history with a definite goal</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Confederation">8 Confederation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Ethnic_history">9 Ethnic history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Historians_change_their_perspective">10 Historians change their perspective</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Women">10.1 Women</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Qu%C3%A9bec">10.1.1 Québec</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Environmental_history">10.2 Environmental history</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Publications">11 Publications</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#See_also">12 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Notes">13 Notes</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Sources">13.1 Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Further_reading">14 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#External_links">15 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Amateur_historians">Amateur historians</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Amateur historians" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Amateur historians, self-taught in the knowledge of the sources but with limited attention to historiography, dominated publications until the early 20th century. The most influential of the amateur historians was <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Garneau" title="François-Xavier Garneau">François-Xavier Garneau</a> (1809–1866), a self-educated poor boy who defined the essence of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> nationalistic history for a century with his Histoire du Canada depuis sa découverte jusqu’ à nos jours (3 vol., multiple editions from 1845 onward).<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The first edition came under attack from <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Canada" title="Catholic Church in Canada">Catholic Church</a> officials for its touch of liberalism; after he revised the work the Church gave its blessing.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> He taught the profound linkage of language, laws, and customs, and how the Catholic faith was essential to the French Canadian nationality. His ideas became dogma across Québec, and were continued deep into the 20th century by <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Groulx" title="Lionel Groulx">Abbe Lionel Groulx</a> (1878–1967), the first full-time university professor of Québec history.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Anglophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglophone">Anglophone</a> Canada the most prominent amateur of his day was <a href="/wiki/William_Kingsford" title="William Kingsford">William Kingsford</a> (1819–1898), whose History of Canada (1887–1898) was widely read by the upper middle class, as well as Anglophone teachers, despite its poor organization and pedestrian writing style. Kingsford believed that the Conquest guaranteed victory for British constitutional liberty and that it ensured material progress. He assumed the assimilation of French Canadians into a superior British culture was inevitable and desirable, for he envisioned Canada as one nation with one anglophone population.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Lovers of the past set up local historical societies and museums preserve the documents and artifacts. Amateurs are still quite important, especially as journalists write biographies of politicians and studies of major political developments. By far the most popular of the amateurs was the Harvard-based American <a href="/wiki/Francis_Parkman" title="Francis Parkman">Francis Parkman</a> (1823–1893), whose nine volumes on <a href="/wiki/France_and_England_in_North_America" title="France and England in North America">France and England in North America</a> (Boston, 1865–92) are still widely read as literary masterpieces.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Organizations_of_professional_historians">Organizations of professional historians</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organizations of professional historians" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Historical_Association" title="Canadian Historical Association">Canadian Historical Association</a></div> Professionalism emerged after 1890 with the founding of academic history departments at universities, and the practice of sending graduate students to Britain for advanced training in preparation for a university professorship. In 1896, <a href="/wiki/George_McKinnon_Wrong" class="mw-redirect" title="George McKinnon Wrong">George McKinnon Wrong</a>, an Anglican clergyman, introduced modern Canadian history to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>. He launched the Review of Historical Publications Relating to Canada,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> which was the forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Historical_Review" title="Canadian Historical Review">Canadian Historical Review</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Professionalization climaxed with the 1922 founding of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Historical_Association" title="Canadian Historical Association">Canadian Historical Association</a> (CHA).<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The language became technical, and scientific, with an emphasis on gathering facts from <a href="/wiki/Primary_source" title="Primary source">primary sources</a>, and avoiding grandiose patriotic claims. Women, who had been quite active in historical societies and museums, were largely excluded from professional history.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The CHA has a journal and an annual convention, and gives out numerous awards For the best publications. Much of the work is done by specialized committees. For example, the Canadian Committee on Labour History, publishes its own journal <a href="/wiki/Labour/Le_Travail" title="Labour/Le Travail">Labour/Le Travail</a> and holds an annual conference as part of the Congress of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Federation_for_the_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences" title="Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences">Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences</a> (the "Learneds"). Other topical interest committees include:<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://activehistory.ca/">ActiveHistory</a></li> <li>Canadian Business History Association</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chashcacommittees-comitesa.ca/cchc-cchi/">Canadian Committee for Digital History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cha-shc.ca/cchs/">Canadian Committee on the History of Sexuality</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cclh.ca/">Canadian Committee on Labour History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chashcacommittees-comitesa.ca/ccmet/">Canadian Committee on Migration, Ethnicity and Transnationalism</a></li> <li>Canadian Committee on Military History</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cha-shc.ca/ccwh-cchf/">Canadian Committee on Women's History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cihhic.ca/">Canadian International History Committee</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economichistory.ca/">Canadian Network for Economic History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aidhistory.ca/">Canadian Network on Humanitarian History</a></li> <li>Canadian Urban History Caucus</li> <li>Committee on the Second World War</li> <li>Environmental History Group</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cha-shc.ca/gsc-ced/">Graduate Students' Committee</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hcyg.ca/">History of Children and Youth Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aboriginalhistorygroup.wordpress.com/">Indigenous History Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cish.org/index.php/en/">International Committee of Historical Sciences</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mchc-chmc.journalism.ryerson.ca/">Media And Communication History Committee</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117191848/http://www.canoha.ca/">Oral History Group/ Oral History Forum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chashcacommittees-comitesa.ca/phg-ghp/">Political History Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cha-shc.ca/public_history/index.html">Public History Group</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_history">Political history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Much of the teaching and writing of the first generation of professional historians dealt with Canadian political history, or more exactly constitutional history. Donald Wright says: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Neither sophisticated nor particularly interesting, English-Canadian historical writing was what it was: traditional, political, constitutional, at times sentimental, and too focused on the story of self-government, its development over time, and its ultimate achievement.... If it wasn't dry-as-dust constitutional history, it was after-dinner expressions of loyalty to <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a>, heroic accounts of great men, and patriotic renderings of the <a href="/wiki/Plains_of_Abraham" title="Plains of Abraham">Plains of Abraham</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Wolfe" title="James Wolfe">General Wolfe</a> or of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Queenston_Heights" title="Battle of Queenston Heights">Queenston Heights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Brock" title="Isaac Brock">General Brock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2015162-11">[11]</a></blockquote> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="The_Conquest">The Conquest</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Conquest" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_1760" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of 1760">The Conquest of New France</a> has always been a central and contested theme of Canadian memory—as exemplified by an episode in 2009 when re-enactors were prevented from restaging the decisive 1759 battles in Québec.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBucknerReid2012263%E2%80%93266Chapter_by_Neatby,_Nicole,_%22Remembering_the_Conquest:_Mission_Impossible?%22-12">[12]</a> Cornelius Jaenen argues: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The Conquest has remained a difficult subject for French-Canadian historians because it can be viewed either as economically and ideologically disastrous or as a providential intervention to enable Canadians to maintain their language and religion under British rule. For virtually all Anglophone historians it was a victory for British military, political, and economic superiority which would eventually only benefit the conquered.<a href="#cite_note-Jaenen-13">[13]</a></blockquote> Historians of the 1950s tried to explain the economic inferiority of the French-Canadians by arguing that the Conquest: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">destroyed an integral society and decapitated the commercial class; leadership of the conquered people fell to the Church; and, because commercial activity came to be monopolized by British merchants, national survival concentrated on agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1986185%E2%80%93186-14">[14]</a></blockquote> At the other pole, are those <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">Francophone</a> historians who see the positive benefit of enabling the preservation of language, and religion and traditional customs under British rule.<a href="#cite_note-Jaenen-13">[13]</a> Scholars such as Donald Fyson have pointed to the legal system as a success, with the continuation of French civil law and the introduction of liberal modernity.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> French Canadian debates have escalated since the 1960s, as the Conquest is seen as a pivotal moment in the history of <a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Québec's nationalism</a>. Historian Jocelyn Létourneau suggested in the 21st century, "1759 does not belong primarily to a past that we might wish to study and understand, but, rather, to a present and a future that we might wish to shape and control."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBucknerReid2012279Chapter_by_L%C3%A9tourneau,_Jocelyn,_%22What_is_to_be_done_with_1759?%22-16">[16]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Monument_des_Braves,_Shawinigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Monument des Braves, Shawinigan">The Monument des Braves</a>," begun in Québec in 1863, commemorated the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sainte-Foy" title="Battle of Sainte-Foy">Battle of Sainte-Foy</a> the last victory won by the French in Canada during the Seven Years' War (<a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a>). It began a wave of commemorations that took place across Canada between 1850 and 1930. They were designed to create memories and left out the harshness of the British conquest and bring Anglophones and Francophones closer together.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Anglophone historians, in sharp contrast, typically celebrated the Conquest as a victory for British military, political, and economic superiority that was a permanent benefit to the French.<a href="#cite_note-Jaenen-13">[13]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Loyalists">Loyalists</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Loyalists" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Empire_Loyalist" title="United Empire Loyalist">United Empire Loyalist</a></div> The Loyalists paid attention to their history, developing an image of themselves that they took great pride in. In 1898, Henry Coyne provided a glowing depiction: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The Loyalists, to a considerable extent, were the very cream of the population of the Thirteen Colonies. They represented in very large measure the learning, the piety, the gentle birth, the wealth and good citizenship of the British race in America, as well its devotion to law and order, British institutions, and the unity of the Empire. This was the leaven they brought to Canada, which has leavened the entire Dominion of this day.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></blockquote> According to <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Conrad" title="Margaret Conrad">Margaret Conrad</a> and Alvin Finkel, Coyne's memorial expresses essential themes that have often been incorporated into patriotic celebrations. The Loyalist tradition, as explicated by Murray Barkley and Norman Knowles, includes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The elite origins of the refugees, their loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">British Crown</a>, their suffering and sacrifice in the face of hostile conditions, their consistent anti-Americanism, and their divinely inspired sense of mission.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConradFinkel2006202-19">[19]</a></blockquote> Conrad and Finkel point up some exaggerations. They note that a few Loyalists were part of the colonial elite, and most were loyal to all things British. A few suffered violence and hardship. However about 20 percent returned to the United States, and other Loyalists supported the United States in the War of 1812. Conrad and Finkel conclude: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">in using their history to justify claims to superiority, descendants of the Loyalists abuse the truth and actually diminish their status in the eyes of their non-Loyalists neighbours....The scholars who argue that the Loyalists planted the seeds of Canadian liberalism or conservatism in British North America usually fail to take into account not only the larger context of political discussion that prevailed throughout the North Atlantic world, but also the political values brought to British North America by other immigrants in the second half of the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConradFinkel2006203-20">[20]</a></blockquote> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="War_of_1812">War of 1812</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: War of 1812" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Origins of the War of 1812">Origins of the War of 1812</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">war of 1812</a></div> Canadian historian <a href="/wiki/Charles_Perry_Stacey" title="Charles Perry Stacey">C.P. Stacey</a> famously remarked that memories of the War of 1812 makes everybody happy. The Americans think they whipped the British. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Canadians think of it equally pridefully as a war of defense in which their brave fathers, side-by-side, turned back the massed might of the United States and saved the country from conquest. And the English are the happiest of all, because they don't even know it happened.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></blockquote> Since the bicentennial in 2012, a steady stream of American and Canadian studies have appeared, and even a few from Britain. Old themes are covered in more depth. There is much more concern with French, Spanish, Native American, and African American sides of the story. New approaches centred on gender and race have appeared.<a href="#cite_note-Trautsch-22">[22]</a> In a 2012 poll, 25% of all Canadians ranked their victory in the War of 1812 as the second most important part of their identity after free health care (53 per cent).<a href="#cite_note-Trautsch-22">[22]</a> The Canadian government spent $28 million on three years of bicentennial events, exhibits, historic sites, re-enactments, and a new national monument.<a href="#cite_note-Trautsch-22">[22]</a> The official goal was to make Canadians aware that 1) Canada would not exist had the American invasion of 1812–15 been successful; 2) the end of the war laid the foundation for Confederation and the emergence of Canada as a free and independent nation; and 3) under <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">the Canadian Crown</a>, Canada's society retained its linguistic and ethnic diversity, in contrast to the greater conformity demanded by the American Republic.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> the "1812 Great Canadian Victory Party will bring the War of 1812...to life," promised the sponsors of a festival in November 2009.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> More specifically, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> celebrates the war, and Québec largely ignores it. Nationwide in 2009, 37% of Canadians thought Canada won the war, 15% thought it was a tie. But 39% know too little about it to say, including 63% in Québec.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The memory of the war of 1812 was not especially important in the decades that followed it. A powerful oligarchy closely tied to Britain controlled <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a> (Ontario), and their criteria for legitimacy was loyalty to London, rather than heroic episodes in the war of 1812. As result they did not promote the memory of the war.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Nations">First Nations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First Nations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The War of 1812 is often celebrated in Ontario as a British victory for what would become Canada in 1867, but Canadian historians in recent decades look at it as a defeat for the First Nations of Canada, and also for the merchants of <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> (who lost the fur trade of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> area).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The British had a long-standing goal of building a "neutral" but pro-British <a href="/wiki/Indian_barrier_state" title="Indian barrier state">Indian buffer state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="American Midwest">American Midwest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> They demanded a neutral Indian state at the peace conference in 1814 but failed to gain any of it because they had lost control of the region in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Battle of Lake Erie</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Thames" title="Battle of the Thames">Battle of the Thames</a> in 1813, where <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a> was killed. The British then abandoned the Indians south of the lakes. The royal elite of (what is now) Ontario gained much more power in the aftermath and used that power to repel American ideas such as <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicanism</a>, especially in those areas of Ontario settled primarily by Americans. Many of those settlers returned to the states and were replaced by immigrants from Britain who were imperial-minded.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/W._L._Morton" title="W. L. Morton">W. L. Morton</a> says the war was a "stalemate" but the Americans "did win the peace negotiations."<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Arthur Ray says the war made "matters worse for the native people" as they lost military and political power.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> J.M. Bumsted says the war was a stalemate but regarding the Indians "was a victory for the American expansionists."<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> John Herd Thompson and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Randall_(political_scientist)" title="Stephen Randall (political scientist)">Stephen Randall</a> say "the War of 1812's real losers were the Native peoples who had fought as Britain's ally."<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Economic_history">Economic history</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economic history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> Economic history was central to the new interpretations developing after 1900, in part because the economists and historians were collaborating using evidence from Canadian history. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staples_thesis">Staples thesis</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Staples thesis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Staples_thesis" title="Staples thesis">Staples thesis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Innis_and_the_cod_fishery" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Innis and the cod fishery">Harold Innis and the cod fishery</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Innis" title="Harold Innis">Harold Innis</a> (1894–1952), based in the history department at the University of Toronto,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger198685%E2%80%93111-35">[35]</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Archibald_Mackintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="William Archibald Mackintosh">William Archibald Mackintosh</a> (1895–1970), based in the economics department at <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/Staples_thesis" title="Staples thesis">Staples thesis</a>. They argued that the Canadian Economy (beyond the level of subsistence farming) was primarily based on exports of a series of staples—<a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>—that shipped to Britain and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. Industrialization came much later. The thesis explains Canadian economic development as a lateral, east–west conception of trade. Innis argued that Canada developed as it did because of the nature of its staple <a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">commodities</a>: raw materials, such as fish, fur, lumber, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural products</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a>. This trading link cemented Canada's cultural links to Britain. The search for and exploitation of these staples led to the creation of institutions that defined the political culture of the nation and its regions. Innis, Influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Frontier_thesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontier thesis">Frontier thesis</a> of American historian <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Jackson_Turner" title="Frederick Jackson Turner">Frederick Jackson Turner</a>,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> added a sociological dimension. Innis argued that different staples led to the emergence of regional economies (and societies) within Canada. For instance, the staple commodity in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a> was <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod fishing</a>. This industry was very decentralized, but also very co-operative. In <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">western Canada</a> the central staple was wheat. Wheat farming was a very independent venture, which led to a history of distrust of government and corporations in that part of the country. (Also important, however, were the shocks caused by volatility in the market for wheat and by the weather itself on the growing season.) In <a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">central Canada</a>, the main staple was fur, and the <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a> dominated the economy for many years. This fur trade was controlled by large firms, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a> and thus produced the much more centralized, business-oriented society that today characterizes Montreal and Toronto. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Creighton" title="Donald Creighton">Donald Creighton</a> (1902–1979) was a leading historian who built upon the Staples thesis in his The Commercial Empire of the St-Lawrence: 1760–1850 (1937).<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> His Laurentian thesis showed how the English merchant class came to dominate Canadian business through their control of the export of staples via the St-Lawrence River. They made Montreal economic, business and financial capital of Canada.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2015358-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In his enormously influential biography of <a href="/wiki/John_A._McDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. McDonald">John A. McDonald</a>, Creighton argued that McDonald had built upon and extended the Laurentian model by his creation of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">transcontinental railway</a>. More than that, Creighton transformed Canadian political history. For years scholars had complained about the old-fashioned, narrow, constitutional approach. They hoped Creighton could modernize the field and he came through, by adding not just biography, but also social, cultural, and especially long-term economic patterns as the matrix on which Canadian politics was played out.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2015211-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Core-periphery_model">Core-periphery model</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Core-periphery model" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan-hinterland_thesis" title="Metropolitan-hinterland thesis">Metropolitan-hinterland thesis</a></div> Innis depicted the relationship between <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">regions of Canada</a> as one of "heartland" to "hinterland": <a href="/wiki/Core-periphery" class="mw-redirect" title="Core-periphery">The periphery</a>, or hinterland, is dominated by the core, or heartland. Because the heartland was dependent upon the search for and accumulation of staples (which were located in the hinterland) to perpetuate the economy, it sought to gain economic and political power by exploiting the hinterland.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Historians continue to use elements of the Innis model, applying it for example to <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>. That province's economic structure exemplifies the "core-periphery" structure of intra-regional relationships. The core is metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, with its concentration of corporate management and transportation functions and manufacturing growth. It dominates an underdeveloped periphery that depends on production and export of staple commodities.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> However, the use of the core-hinterland model to describe the relationship of the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime Provinces">Maritime Provinces</a> to Ontario and Québec has been critiqued by maritime historian <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKay_(historian)" title="Ian McKay (historian)">Ian McKay</a>, who suggested that the economic input of Central Canada is lesser than would be expected with such a model.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Keynesian_version">Keynesian version</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Keynesian version" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the 1950s, Mackintosh revised the staples theory to position it inside the framework of <a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesian analysis</a>. He argued that government expenditures on infrastructure for staple exports were a special case of Keynesian counter cyclical fiscal policy. It amounted to priming of the economic pump to induce private sector investment. At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Saskatchewan" title="University of Saskatchewan">University of Saskatchewan</a>, a team of economists led by George Britnell, <a href="/wiki/Mabel_F._Timlin" title="Mabel F. Timlin">Mabel Timlin</a>, Kenneth Buckley and Vernon Fowke, were followers of Innis and developed this approach into a "Saskatchewan school" of economic history. Fowke's Canadian Agricultural Policy: The Historical Pattern (1946),<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> showed that agriculture was promoted as an "investment frontier," the profits from which were to go to interests other than agriculture. Canadian policy was never to develop agriculture so as to improve the conditions of those who cultivated the soil but to aid imperial military and political goals and provide profits for commercial interests.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Whig_history:_Political_history_with_a_definite_goal">Whig history: Political history with a definite goal</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Whig history: Political history with a definite goal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> Historian <a href="/wiki/Allan_Greer" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan Greer">Allan Greer</a> argues that <a href="/wiki/Whig_history" title="Whig history">Whig history</a> was once the dominant style of scholarship. He says the: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">interpretive schemes that dominated Canadian historical writing through the middle decades of the twentieth century were built on the assumption that history had a discernible direction and flow. Canada was moving towards a goal in the nineteenth century; whether this endpoint was the construction of a transcontinental, commercial, and political union, the development of parliamentary government, or the preservation and resurrection of French Canada, it was certainly a Good Thing. Thus the rebels of 1837 were quite literally on the wrong track. They lost because they had to lose; they were not simply overwhelmed by superior force, they were justly chastised by the God of History.<a href="#cite_note-Greer1995-46">[46]</a></blockquote> With the decline of Whig history, Canadian scholarship since the late 20th century has avoided overarching themes and concentrated on specialized research topics. No longer do they minimize conflict and violence. Military historians map troop movements in 1837–38.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Imperial specialists explain how London approached the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Economic historians measure the depth of financial and agrarian distress that soured the mood.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Social historians reveal how ordinary people were caught up in the Rebellion.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Greer concludes that: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The result has been a great advance in empirical knowledge: myths have been punctured, generalizations of the and qualified, and a wealth of factual data has been accumulated.<a href="#cite_note-Greer1995-46">[46]</a></blockquote> The downside in this minute particularism has been a loss of a broad overview or a sense of what it all meant, such as the Whig approach offered. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Confederation">Confederation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Confederation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Eastern_British_Provinces_in_North_America_at_the_time_of_Confederation_1867.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Map_of_the_Eastern_British_Provinces_in_North_America_at_the_time_of_Confederation_1867.jpg/300px-Map_of_the_Eastern_British_Provinces_in_North_America_at_the_time_of_Confederation_1867.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="244" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 244px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Map_of_the_Eastern_British_Provinces_in_North_America_at_the_time_of_Confederation_1867.jpg/300px-Map_of_the_Eastern_British_Provinces_in_North_America_at_the_time_of_Confederation_1867.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="244" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Map_of_the_Eastern_British_Provinces_in_North_America_at_the_time_of_Confederation_1867.jpg/450px-Map_of_the_Eastern_British_Provinces_in_North_America_at_the_time_of_Confederation_1867.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Map_of_the_Eastern_British_Provinces_in_North_America_at_the_time_of_Confederation_1867.jpg/600px-Map_of_the_Eastern_British_Provinces_in_North_America_at_the_time_of_Confederation_1867.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of the Eastern British Provinces in North America at the time of Canadian Confederation, 1867.</figcaption></figure> There is extensive scholarly debate on the role of political ideas in Canadian Confederation. Traditionally, historians regarded Canadian Confederation an exercise in political pragmatism that was essentially non-ideological. In the 1960s, historian <a href="/wiki/Peter_Busby_Waite" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Busby Waite">P.B. Waite</a> derided the references to political philosophers in the legislative debates on Confederation as "hot air". In Waite's view, Confederation was driven by pragmatic brokerage politics and competing interest groups.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In 1987, political scientist Peter J. Smith challenged the view that Canadian Confederation was non-ideological. Smith argued that Confederation was motivated by new political ideologies as much as the American and <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolutions</a> and that Canadian Confederation was driven by a <a href="/wiki/Court_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Court Party">Court Party</a> ideology. Smith traces the origins of this ideology to eighteenth and nineteenth-century Britain, where political life was polarized between defenders of <a href="/wiki/Classical_republicanism" title="Classical republicanism">classical republican</a> values of the <a href="/wiki/Country_Party_(Britain)" title="Country Party (Britain)">Country Party</a> and proponents of a new pro-capitalist ideology of the Court Party, which believed in centralizing political power. In <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a> in the 1860s, the Court Party tradition was represented by the supporters of Confederation, whereas the anti-capitalist and agrarian Country Party tradition was embodied by the Anti-Confederates.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In a 2000 journal article, historian <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKay_(historian)" title="Ian McKay (historian)">Ian McKay</a> argued that Canadian Confederation was motivated by the ideology of liberalism and the belief in the supremacy of individual rights. McKay described Confederation as part of the classical liberal project of creating a "liberal order" in northern North America.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Many Canadian historians have adopted McKay's liberal order framework as a paradigm for understanding Canadian history.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In 2008, historian Andrew Smith advanced a very different view of Confederation's ideological origins. He argues that in the four original Canadian provinces, the politics of taxation were a central issue in the debate about Confederation. Taxation was also central to the debate in <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a>, the tax-averse colony that rejected it. Smith argued Confederation was supported by many colonists who were sympathetic to a relatively interventionist, or statist, approach to capitalist development. Most classical liberals, who believed in <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> and low taxes, opposed Confederation because they feared that it would result in Big Government. The struggle over Confederation involved a battle between a staunchly individualist economic philosophy and a comparatively collectivist view of the state's proper role in the economy. According to Smith, the victory of the <a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">statist</a> supporters of Confederation over their <a href="/wiki/Anti-statist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-statist">anti-statist</a> opponents prepared the way for Sir John A. Macdonald's government to enact the protectionist National Policy and to subsidize major infrastructure projects such the <a href="/wiki/Intercolonial_Railway" title="Intercolonial Railway">Intercolonial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Pacific</a> Railways.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In 2007, political scientist <a href="/wiki/Janet_Ajzenstat" title="Janet Ajzenstat">Janet Ajzenstat</a> connected Canadian Confederation to the individualist ideology of <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>. She argued that the union of the British North American colonies was motivated by a desire to protect individual rights, especially the rights to life, liberty, and property. She contends that the <a href="/wiki/Fathers_of_Confederation" title="Fathers of Confederation">Fathers of Confederation</a> were motivated by the values of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. She argues that their intellectual debts to Locke are most evident when one looks at the 1865 debates in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a>'s legislature on whether or not union with the other British North American colonies would be desirable.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Ethnic_history">Ethnic history</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ethnic history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> Roberto Perin looks at the historiography of Canadian <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_history" title="Ethnic history">ethnic history</a> and finds two alternative methodologies. One is more static and emphasizes how closely immigrant cultures replicate the Old World. This approach tends to be filiopietistic.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The alternative approach has been influenced by the recent historiography on labor, urban, and family history. It sees the immigrant community as an essentially North American phenomenon and integrates it into the mainstream of Canadian culture.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Historians_change_their_perspective">Historians change their perspective</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Historians change their perspective" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> Since the 1980s, historians have sharply revised their approach to Canadian history. Political history had been the dominant mode. The flagship <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Historical_Review" title="Canadian Historical Review">Canadian Historical Review</a> was heavily weighted toward political history, giving priority to macro themes such as elite politicians and statesmen, public institutions, and national issues. By 2000, however, the same journal gave two-thirds of its space to social history. Furthermore, micro topics with a narrow geographical and chronological focus have largely replaced wide-lens macro themes. Glassford argues that: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The Big Questions are now seen to be societally based, and emanate from a cultural interpretation of such fundamental concepts as social class, gender, ethnicity, race, religion, and sexual orientation. Micro-analysis has at least as much validity in the new model as macro.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></blockquote> A backlash erupted from conservative historians, typified by political and military specialist <a href="/wiki/Jack_Granatstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Granatstein">Jack Granatstein</a> who charged that social historians had "killed" Canadian history by displacing the traditional Whig narrative of upward political, diplomatic, and military progress with microscopic studies of the underclass, the trivial, and the inconsequential.".<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Granatstein recalls the backlash: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">As the old white males rallied themselves and fought back, the resulting war produced heavy casualties, much bloodshed, and vast expenditures of time and effort. The political historians believed that narrative was important, that chronology mattered, and that the study of the past could not neglect the personalities of the leaders and the nations they lead. The social historians had no interest in the history of the "elites" and almost none in political history, except to denounce repressiveness of Canadian governments and business....Blame had to be allocated. Canada was guilty of genocide against the Indians, the bombing of Germany, the ecological rape of the landscape, and so on. Their aim was to use history, or their version of it, to cure white males of their sense of superiority.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women">Women</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Women" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_women" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Canadian women">History of Canadian women</a></div> The woman's history movement began in the 1970s and grew rapidly across Canadian universities, attracting support from history departments and other disciplines as well. The Canadian Committee on Women's History (CCWH) was founded in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Franca_Iacovetta" title="Franca Iacovetta">Franca Iacovetta</a> reported in 2007: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Although the most prestigious awards and endowed chairs still go mostly to men, and men still outnumber women at the full professor rank, the greater influence of feminist historians within the wider profession is evident in their increased presence as journal and book series editors, the many scholarly prizes, the strong presence of women's and gender history on conference programs, and the growing number of their students who are in full-time positions.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Québec">Québec</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Québec" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The history of women in Québec was generally neglected before 1980.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The advent of the <a href="/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">feminist movement</a>, combined with the "<a href="/wiki/New_social_history" class="mw-redirect" title="New social history">New social history</a>" that featured the study of ordinary people, created a new demand for a historiography of women. The first studies, emerged from a feminist perspective, and stressed their role as the terms who had been reduced to inferiority in a world controlled by men. Feminists sought the family itself as the centrepiece of the patriarchal system where fathers and husbands oppressed and alienated women. The second stage came when historians presented a more positive and balanced view.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Research has often been interdisciplinary, using insights from feminist theory, literature, anthropology and sociology to study gender relations, socialization, reproduction, sexuality, and unpaid work. <a href="/wiki/Labor_history_(discipline)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor history (discipline)">Labour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Family_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Family history">family history</a> have proved particularly open to these themes.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_history">Environmental history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Environmental history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Canadian historians have always paid close attention to <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, but until the 1980s they largely ignored the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian environment">Canadian environment</a>, except to point how cold the northerly nation is. More recently, explorers have ventured into new areas, but no overarching or major reinterpretation has swept the field. Two of the most widely noted books are Tina Loo, <a href="/wiki/States_of_Nature" title="States of Nature">States of Nature: Conserving Canada’s Wildlife in the Twentieth Century</a> (2006),<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> and John Sandlos, Hunters at the Margin: Native People and Wildlife Conservation in the Northwest Territories (2007).<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Publications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> Scholarly articles and in-depth reviews of new historical studies appear in these journals:<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadiensis" title="Acadiensis">Acadiensis</a> – Covers <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a></li> <li>Alberta History<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>American Review of Canadian Studies<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Historical_Federation" title="British Columbia Historical Federation">British Columbia History</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li>Bulletin d’histoire politique politics in Quebec<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Bulletin_of_Medical_History" title="Canadian Bulletin of Medical History">Canadian Bulletin of Medical History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_History" title="Canada's History">Canada's History</a> – Formerly The Beaver (1920–2010), short popular essays.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Historical_Review" title="Canadian Historical Review">Canadian Historical Review</a> – Major scholarly journal.</li> <li>Histoire sociale/Social History – Focus on Canada.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li> Journal of the Canadian Historical Association / Revue de la Société historique du Canada<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour/Le_Travail" title="Labour/Le Travail">Labour/Le Travail</a></li> <li>London Journal of Canadian Studies – Annual since 1984.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoba_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Manitoba History">Manitoba History</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li>Ontario History<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>Québec Studies<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Quarterly" title="Queen's Quarterly">Queen's Quarterly</a> cultural studies; established in 1893</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revue_d%27histoire_de_l%27Am%C3%A9rique_fran%C3%A7aise" class="extiw" title="fr:Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française">Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française on French Wikipedia</a> – Focus on Québec.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_History" title="Saskatchewan History">Saskatchewan History</a></li> <li>Urban History Review – Revue d'histoire urbaine – Published 1972-2016.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style 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Minutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Canada" title="List of museums in Canada">List of museums in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812_Bicentennial" class="mw-redirect" title="War of 1812 Bicentennial">War of 1812 Bicentennial</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilsonFiske1900" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_Wilson" title="James Grant Wilson">Wilson, J. G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Fiske_(philosopher)" title="John Fiske (philosopher)">Fiske, J.</a>, eds. (1900). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Garneau,_Fran%C3%A7ois_Xavier">"Garneau, François Xavier" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a>. New York: D. Appleton. p. 606.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Garneau%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+Xavier&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=606&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaint-Martin1954" class="citation journal cs1">Saint-Martin, Louis-Ph. (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F301665ar">"L'histoire du Canada de F.-X. Garneau et la critique"</a>. Revue d'Histoire de l'Amérique Française. 8 (3): 380–394. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F301665ar">10.7202/301665ar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27Histoire+de+l%27Am%C3%A9rique+Fran%C3%A7aise&rft.atitle=L%27histoire+du+Canada+de+F.-X.+Garneau+et+la+critique&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=380-394&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F301665ar&rft.aulast=Saint-Martin&rft.aufirst=Louis-Ph.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7202%252F301665ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorOwram1994" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, M. Brook; Owram, Doug (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FamJrJEvymIC&pg=PA117">Canadian History: Beginnings to Confederation</a>. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802068262" title="Special:BookSources/9780802068262"><bdi>9780802068262</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+History%3A+Beginnings+to+Confederation&rft.pages=117&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780802068262&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=M.+Brook&rft.au=Owram%2C+Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFamJrJEvymIC%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavardWyczynski1976" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Savard, Pierre; Wyczynski, Paul (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/garneau_francois_xavier_9E.html">"Garneau, François-Xavier"</a>. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a>. Vol. IX (1861–1870) (online ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Garneau%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Savard&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.au=Wyczynski%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fgarneau_francois_xavier_9E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagnon1982" class="citation book cs1">Gagnon, Serge (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x_IUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1">Québec and Its Historians, 1840 to 1920</a>. Harvest House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88772-213-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88772-213-4"><bdi>978-0-88772-213-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qu%C3%A9bec+and+Its+Historians%2C+1840+to+1920&rft.pub=Harvest+House&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-88772-213-4&rft.aulast=Gagnon&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx_IUAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> • The influence of Garneau and Groulx extends well into the 21st century in Québec's school textbooks: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemieuxCôté2014" class="citation journal cs1">Lemieux, Olivier; Côté, Catherine (28 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F1024152ar">"Étude des programmes et des manuels d'histoire du Québec de 1967 à 2012"</a>. Bulletin d'Histoire Politique. 22 (3): 145–157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F1024152ar">10.7202/1024152ar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+d%27Histoire+Politique&rft.atitle=%C3%89tude+des+programmes+et+des+manuels+d%27histoire+du+Qu%C3%A9bec+de+1967+%C3%A0+2012&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=145-157&rft.date=2014-03-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F1024152ar&rft.aulast=Lemieux&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft.au=C%C3%B4t%C3%A9%2C+Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7202%252F1024152ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1990" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Taylor, M. Brook (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/kingsford_william_12E.html">"Kingsford, William"</a>. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canada.pch.gc.ca/eng/1442344384984/1442924691345">the original</a> on 20 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+War+of+1812%2C+Historical+Overview&rft.atitle=Did+You+Know%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanada.pch.gc.ca%2Feng%2F1442344384984%2F1442924691345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> There is no mention of the historians in the announcement of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldtowntoronto1793.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=95:otta-festival-20092&catid=1:community-news&Itemid=179">"Great 1812 Canadian Victory Party"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208122927/http://www.oldtowntoronto1793.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=95:otta-festival-20092&catid=1:community-news&Itemid=179">Archived</a> 2015-12-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJedwab2009" class="citation news cs1">Jedwab, Jack (6 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222144337/https://acs-aec.ca/pdf/polls/12604640589505%20(2).pdf">"Most Canadians say we won the War of 1812; But Québecers uncertain"</a> (PDF). Association for Canadian Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acs-aec.ca/pdf/polls/12604640589505%20(2).pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Most+Canadians+say+we+won+the+War+of+1812%3B+But+Qu%C3%A9becers+uncertain&rft.date=2009-12-06&rft.aulast=Jedwab&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facs-aec.ca%2Fpdf%2Fpolls%2F12604640589505%2520%282%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1989" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, M. 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University of Toronto Press. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6716-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6716-6"><bdi>978-0-8020-6716-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Promoters%2C+Patriots%2C+and+Partisans%3A+Historiography+in+Nineteenth-Century+English+Canada&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-6716-6&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=M.+Brook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DExUBTMwBwLcC%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1996" class="citation book cs1">White, Randall (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fomSnENI5SYC&pg=PA75">Ontario 1610-1985</a>. Dundurn. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-255-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-255-7"><bdi>978-1-55488-255-7</bdi></a>. <q>The Indians and the fur merchants of Montreal had lost in the end.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ontario+1610-1985&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-55488-255-7&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfomSnENI5SYC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1989" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Dwight L. (1989). "A North American Neutral Indian Zone: Persistence of a British Idea". Northwest Ohio Quarterly. 61 (2–4): 46–63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Ohio+Quarterly&rft.atitle=A+North+American+Neutral+Indian+Zone%3A+Persistence+of+a+British+Idea&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2%E2%80%934&rft.pages=46-63&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Dwight+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2001" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Francis M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goodwisemeasures0000carr">A Good and Wise Measure: The Search for the Canadian-American Boundary, 1783–1842</a>. University of Toronto Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goodwisemeasures0000carr/page/24">24</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8358-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8358-6"><bdi>978-0-8020-8358-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Good+and+Wise+Measure%3A+The+Search+for+the+Canadian-American+Boundary%2C+1783%E2%80%931842&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-8358-6&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Francis+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoodwisemeasures0000carr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1941" class="citation book cs1">Landon, Fred (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FUcYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA44">Western Ontario and the American Frontier</a>. 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Mcclelland & Stewart, Inc. pp. 206–207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-6530-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-6530-9"><bdi>978-0-7710-6530-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingdom+of+Canada%3A+a+general+history+from+earliest+times&rft.pages=206-207&rft.pub=Mcclelland+%26+Stewart%2C+Inc&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-7710-6530-9&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=William+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPpZ40stNX14C%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay2012" class="citation book cs1">Ray, Arthur (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kmgXcDQNNzgC&pg=PA93">"When Two Worlds Met"</a>. In Craig Brown (ed.). Illustrated History of Canada. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-4089-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-4089-7"><bdi>978-0-7735-4089-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=When+Two+Worlds+Met&rft.btitle=Illustrated+History+of+Canada&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-4089-7&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkmgXcDQNNzgC%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBumsted2003" class="citation book cs1">Bumsted, J.M. (2003). The Peoples of Canada: A Pre-Confederation History. Oxford University Press. pp. 244–245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-1954-1689-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-1954-1689-9"><bdi>0-1954-1689-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Peoples+of+Canada%3A+A+Pre-Confederation+History&rft.pages=244-245&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-1954-1689-9&rft.aulast=Bumsted&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonRandall2002" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, John Herd; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Randall_(political_scientist)" title="Stephen Randall (political scientist)">Randall, Stephen J.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadaunitedstat00thom_0">Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies</a> (third ed.). University of Georgia Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadaunitedstat00thom_0/page/22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-2403-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-2403-6"><bdi>978-0-8203-2403-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada+and+the+United+States%3A+Ambivalent+Allies&rft.pages=22&rft.edition=third&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-2403-6&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=John+Herd&rft.au=Randall%2C+Stephen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadaunitedstat00thom_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger198685–111-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger198685%E2%80%93111_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBerger1986">Berger (1986)</a>, pp. 85–111. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaslow1948" class="citation journal cs1">Zaslow, Morris (June 1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/article/624004/pdf">"The Frontier Thesis in Recent Historiography"</a>. Canadian Historical Review. 29 (2): 153–167. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fchr-029-02-03">10.3138/chr-029-02-03</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144326372">144326372</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Frontier+Thesis+in+Recent+Historiography&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=153-167&rft.date=1948-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fchr-029-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144326372%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zaslow&rft.aufirst=Morris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F624004%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-commercial-empire-of-the-st-lawrence-1760-1850">"The Commercial Empire of the St. Lawrence, 1760-1850"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a> (online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Historica_Canada" title="Historica Canada">Historica Canada</a>. 4 March 2015 [6 February 2006].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Commercial+Empire+of+the+St.+Lawrence%2C+1760-1850&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Historica+Canada&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fthe-commercial-empire-of-the-st-lawrence-1760-1850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2015358-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2015358_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWright2015">Wright (2015)</a>, p. 358. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2004" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Donald A. (September 2004). "The Empire of the St.Lawrence: A Study in Commerce and Politics (review)". Canadian Historical Review. 85 (3): 555–558. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcan.2004.0142">10.1353/can.2004.0142</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153468529">153468529</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Empire+of+the+St.Lawrence%3A+A+Study+in+Commerce+and+Politics+%28review%29&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=555-558&rft.date=2004-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcan.2004.0142&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153468529%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Donald+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> Also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236824360_The_Empire_of_the_StLawrence_A_Study_in_Commerce_and_Politics_review">Research Gate</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2015211-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2015211_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWright2015">Wright (2015)</a>, p. 211. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/innis-mcluhan/030003-1020-e.html">"Staples Theory"</a>. 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Dundurn Press in collaboration with the Canadian War Museum, Canadian Museum of Civilization, National Museums of Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-024-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-024-3"><bdi>978-1-55002-024-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volunteers+%26+Redcoats%2C+Rebels+%26+Raiders%3A+a+Military+History+of+the+Rebellions+in+Upper+Canada&rft.pub=Dundurn+Press+in+collaboration+with+the+Canadian+War+Museum%2C+Canadian+Museum+of+Civilization%2C+National+Museums+of+Canada&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-1-55002-024-3&rft.aulast=Fryer&rft.aufirst=Mary+Beacock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvg8VAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurroughs1972" class="citation book cs1">Burroughs, Peter (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WrAJAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP1">The Canadian Crisis and British Colonial Policy, 1828-1841</a>. 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Canadian Journal of Political Science. 20 (1): 3–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0008423900048927">10.1017/S0008423900048927</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154780241">154780241</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=The+Ideological+Origins+of+Canadian+Confederation&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-30&rft.date=1987-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0008423900048927&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154780241%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> Also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231877973_The_Ideological_Origins_of_Canadian_Confederation">Research Gate</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMckay2000" class="citation journal cs1">Mckay, Ian (December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/590654/pdf">"The Liberal Order Framework: A Prospectus for a Reconnaissance of Canadian History"</a>. Canadian Historical Review. 81 (4): 617–645. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fchr.81.4.616">10.3138/chr.81.4.616</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162365787">162365787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Liberal+Order+Framework%3A+A+Prospectus+for+a+Reconnaissance+of+Canadian+History&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=617-645&rft.date=2000-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fchr.81.4.616&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162365787%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mckay&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F590654%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> Also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250195054_The_Liberal_Order_Framework_A_Prospectus_for_a_Reconnaissance_of_Canadian_History">Research Gate</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDucharmeConstant2009" class="citation book cs1">Ducharme, Michel; Constant, Jean-François, eds. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jtc0YJCk8ucC&pg=PP1">Liberalism and Hegemony: Debating the Canadian Liberal Revolution</a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9882-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9882-5"><bdi>978-0-8020-9882-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberalism+and+Hegemony%3A+Debating+the+Canadian+Liberal+Revolution&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-9882-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djtc0YJCk8ucC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Andrew (2008). "Toryism, Classical Liberalism, and Capitalism: The Politics of Taxation and the Struggle for Canadian Confederation". Canadian Historical Review. 89 (1): 1–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcan.0.0005">10.1353/can.0.0005</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143525846">143525846</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Toryism%2C+Classical+Liberalism%2C+and+Capitalism%3A+The+Politics+of+Taxation+and+the+Struggle+for+Canadian+Confederation&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-25&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcan.0.0005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143525846%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAjzenstat2007" class="citation book cs1">Ajzenstat, Janet (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A1ZJtkcecaUC&pg=PP1">The Canadian Founding: John Locke and Parliament</a>. McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7593-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7593-6"><bdi>978-0-7735-7593-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Founding%3A+John+Locke+and+Parliament&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-7593-6&rft.aulast=Ajzenstat&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA1ZJtkcecaUC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/filiopietistic">"Filiopietistic"</a>. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 3 April 2019. <q>Of or relating to an often excessive veneration of ancestors or tradition</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Filiopietistic&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Ffiliopietistic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerin1983" class="citation journal cs1">Perin, Roberto (December 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/571792/pdf">"Clio as Ethnic: The Third Force in Canadian Historiography"</a>. Canadian Historical Review. 64 (4): 441–467. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2FCHR-064-04-01">10.3138/CHR-064-04-01</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145742080">145742080</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Clio+as+Ethnic%3A+The+Third+Force+in+Canadian+Historiography&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=441-467&rft.date=1983-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2FCHR-064-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145742080%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Perin&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F571792%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlassford2002" class="citation journal cs1">Glassford, Larry A. (Autumn 2002). "The Evolution of 'New Political History' in English-Canadian Historiography: From Cliometrics to Cliodiversity". American Review of Canadian Studies. 32 (3): 347–367. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02722010209481666">10.1080/02722010209481666</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143673286">143673286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Review+of+Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+%27New+Political+History%27+in+English-Canadian+Historiography%3A+From+Cliometrics+to+Cliodiversity&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=347-367&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02722010209481666&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143673286%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Glassford&rft.aufirst=Larry+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGranatstein2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Granatstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Granatstein">Granatstein, J.L.</a> (2007). <a href="/wiki/Who_Killed_Canadian_History%3F" title="Who Killed Canadian History?">Who Killed Canadian History?</a> (second ed.). HarperCollins. pp. 53–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-200895-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-200895-2"><bdi>978-0-00-200895-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Killed+Canadian+History%3F&rft.pages=53-78&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-00-200895-2&rft.aulast=Granatstein&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIacovetta2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Franca_Iacovetta" title="Franca Iacovetta">Iacovetta, Franca</a> (Spring 2007). "Gendering Trans/National Historiographies: Feminists Rewriting Canadian History". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Women%27s_History" title="Journal of Women's History">Journal of Women's History</a>. 19 (1): 210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjowh.2007.0016">10.1353/jowh.2007.0016</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143779757">143779757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Women%27s+History&rft.atitle=Gendering+Trans%2FNational+Historiographies%3A+Feminists+Rewriting+Canadian+History&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=210&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjowh.2007.0016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143779757%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Iacovetta&rft.aufirst=Franca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> Also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236730827_Gendering_TransNational_Historiographies_Feminists_Rewriting_Canadian_History">Research Gate</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGranatstein2007">Granatstein (2007)</a>, p. 59 quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrugia2005" class="citation book cs1">Farrugia, Peter, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a2T9o4m9avYC&pg=PA9">The River of History: Trans-national and Trans-disciplinary Perspectives on the Immanence of the Past</a>. University of Calgary Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-160-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-160-1"><bdi>978-1-55238-160-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+River+of+History%3A+Trans-national+and+Trans-disciplinary+Perspectives+on+the+Immanence+of+the+Past&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-55238-160-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da2T9o4m9avYC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chashcacommittees-comitesa.ca/ccwh-cchf/about-us/">"About Us"</a>. Canadian Committee on Women's History. Retrieved 5 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Committee+on+Women%27s+History&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchashcacommittees-comitesa.ca%2Fccwh-cchf%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIacovetta2007">Iacovetta (2007)</a>, pp. 206–213 </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLévesque1991" class="citation journal cs1">Lévesque, Andrée (1991). "Historiography: History of Women in Québec Since 1985". <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec Studies">Quebec Studies</a>. 12: 83–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3828%2Fqs.12.1.83">10.3828/qs.12.1.83</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quebec+Studies&rft.atitle=Historiography%3A+History+of+Women+in+Qu%C3%A9bec+Since+1985&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=83-91&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3828%2Fqs.12.1.83&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vesque&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumont-JohnsonClio_Collective1987" class="citation book cs1">Dumont-Johnson, Micheline; Clio Collective (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=50UqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1">Québec Women: A History</a>. Women's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88961-101-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88961-101-6"><bdi>978-0-88961-101-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qu%C3%A9bec+Women%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Women%27s+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-88961-101-6&rft.aulast=Dumont-Johnson&rft.aufirst=Micheline&rft.au=Clio+Collective&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D50UqAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOuelletBarbier1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Ouellet" title="Fernand Ouellet">Ouellet, Fernand</a>; Barbier, Jacques A. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E9DsAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP1">"The Social Condition of Women and the Women's Movement"</a>. In Jacques A. Barbier (ed.). Economy, Class & Nation in Québec: Interpretive Essays. Copp Clark Pitman. pp. 265–289. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7730-4769-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7730-4769-3"><bdi>978-0-7730-4769-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Social+Condition+of+Women+and+the+Women%27s+Movement&rft.btitle=Economy%2C+Class+%26+Nation+in+Qu%C3%A9bec%3A+Interpretive+Essays&rft.pages=265-289&rft.pub=Copp+Clark+Pitman&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-7730-4769-3&rft.aulast=Ouellet&rft.aufirst=Fernand&rft.au=Barbier%2C+Jacques+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE9DsAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLévesque1997" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lévesque, Andrée (Autumn 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/haf/1997-v51-n2-haf2373/305649ar.pdf">"Reflexions sur l'histoire des Femmes dans l'histoire du Québec"</a> [Reflections on the History of Women in the History of Québec] (PDF). Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française (in French). 51 (2): 271–284. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F305649ar">10.7202/305649ar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27histoire+de+l%27Am%C3%A9rique+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.atitle=Reflexions+sur+l%27histoire+des+Femmes+dans+l%27histoire+du+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=271-284&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F305649ar&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vesque&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9e&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.erudit.org%2Ffr%2Frevues%2Fhaf%2F1997-v51-n2-haf2373%2F305649ar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoo2006" class="citation book cs1">Loo, Tina (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ybHQF0Ok-o4C&pg=PP1">States of Nature: Conserving Canada's Wildlife in the Twentieth Century</a>. UBC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4076-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4076-7"><bdi>978-0-7748-4076-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=States+of+Nature%3A+Conserving+Canada%27s+Wildlife+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-4076-7&rft.aulast=Loo&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DybHQF0Ok-o4C%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandlos2007" class="citation book cs1">Sandlos, John (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k5uxIDp_OMoC&pg=PP1">Hunters at the Margin: Native People and Wildlife Conservation in the Northwest Territories</a>. UBC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4103-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4103-0"><bdi>978-0-7748-4103-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hunters+at+the+Margin%3A+Native+People+and+Wildlife+Conservation+in+the+Northwest+Territories&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-4103-0&rft.aulast=Sandlos&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk5uxIDp_OMoC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSörlin2014" class="citation journal cs1">Sörlin, Sverker (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/563429/pdf">"The Historiography of the Enigmatic North"</a>. Canadian Historical Review. 95 (4): 555–566. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fchr.95.4.hp02">10.3138/chr.95.4.hp02</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162902741">162902741</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Historiography+of+the+Enigmatic+North&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=555-566&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fchr.95.4.hp02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162902741%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=S%C3%B6rlin&rft.aufirst=Sverker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F563429%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> Also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276898888_The_Historiography_of_the_Enigmatic_North">Research Gate</a> • The first efforts appear in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaffieldGaffield1995" class="citation book cs1">Gaffield, Chad; Gaffield, Pam, eds. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xE4SAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP1">Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History</a>. Copp Clark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7730-5449-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7730-5449-3"><bdi>978-0-7730-5449-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consuming+Canada%3A+Readings+in+Environmental+History&rft.pub=Copp+Clark&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7730-5449-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxE4SAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuke2006" class="citation book cs1">Duke, David Freeland, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NBul4Tx_nNcC&pg=PP1">Canadian Environmental History: Essential Readings</a>. Canadian Scholars’ Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55130-310-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55130-310-9"><bdi>978-1-55130-310-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Environmental+History%3A+Essential+Readings&rft.pub=Canadian+Scholars%E2%80%99+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-55130-310-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNBul4Tx_nNcC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> See also Andrea Eidinger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unwrittenhistories.com/a-guide-to-peer-reviewed-journals-in-canadian-history/">"A Guide To Peer-Reviewed Journals in Canadian History' (2016)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albertahistory.org/about-us/publications/">"Publications"</a>. Alberta Historical Society. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alberta+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albertahistory.org%2Fabout-us%2Fpublications%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/bibliography/9021.html">"Alberta Historical Review = Alberta History"</a>. Peel's Prairie Provinces. University of Alberta. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peel%27s+Prairie+Provinces&rft.atitle=Alberta+Historical+Review+%3D+Alberta+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeel.library.ualberta.ca%2Fbibliography%2F9021.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://canam.wwu.edu/american-review-of-canadian-studies/">"American Review of Canadian Studies"</a>. Center for Canadian-American Studies. Western Washington University. Retrieved 5 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Canadian-American+Studies&rft.atitle=American+Review+of+Canadian+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcanam.wwu.edu%2Famerican-review-of-canadian-studies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rarc20/current">"American Review of Canadian Studies"</a>. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved 5 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.atitle=American+Review+of+Canadian+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Ftoc%2Frarc20%2Fcurrent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bchistory.ca/british-columbia-history/magazine/">"Discover British Columbia's Past!"</a>. British Columbia Historical Federation. Retrieved 5 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discover+British+Columbia%27s+Past%21&rft.pub=British+Columbia+Historical+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bchistory.ca%2Fbritish-columbia-history%2Fmagazine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulletinhistoirepolitique.uqam.ca/">"Bulletin d'histoire politique - Accueil"</a>. bulletinhistoirepolitique.uqam.ca.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bulletinhistoirepolitique.uqam.ca&rft.atitle=Bulletin+d%27histoire+politique+-+Accueil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulletinhistoirepolitique.uqam.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hssh.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/hssh/about">"About the Journal"</a>. Histoire sociale / Social History. Retrieved 5 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histoire+sociale+%2F+Social+History&rft.atitle=About+the+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhssh.journals.yorku.ca%2Findex.php%2Fhssh%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cha-shc.ca/">"Canadian Historical Association | Representing historians in Canada"</a>. cha-shc.ca/.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cha-shc.ca%2F&rft.atitle=Canadian+Historical+Association+%26%23124%3B+Representing+historians+in+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcha-shc.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uclpress.co.uk/pages/the-london-journal-of-canadian-studies">"The London Journal of Canadian Studies"</a>. UCL Press. Retrieved 5 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+London+Journal+of+Canadian+Studies&rft.pub=UCL+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uclpress.co.uk%2Fpages%2Fthe-london-journal-of-canadian-studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhs.mb.ca/info/pubs/mb_history/index.shtml">"Introduction"</a>. Manitoba History. Manitoba Historical Society. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manitoba+History&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhs.mb.ca%2Finfo%2Fpubs%2Fmb_history%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ontariohistoricalsociety.ca/ontario-history-journal/">"About Ontario History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Historical_Society" title="Ontario Historical Society">Ontario Historical Society</a>. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ontario+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=About+Ontario+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fontariohistoricalsociety.ca%2Fontario-history-journal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acqs.org/quebec-studies-journal/">"Québec Studies"</a>. American Council For Québec Studies. Retrieved 5 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qu%C3%A9bec+Studies&rft.pub=American+Council+For+Qu%C3%A9bec+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facqs.org%2Fquebec-studies-journal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/journal/urbahistrevi">"Urban History Review / Revue d'histoire urbaine"</a>. Jstor. Retrieved 5 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jstor&rft.atitle=Urban+History+Review+%2F+Revue+d%27histoire+urbaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fjournal%2Furbahistrevi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger1986" class="citation book cs1">Berger, Carl (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/writingofcanadia0000berg">The writing of Canadian history: aspects of English-Canadian historical writing since 1900</a> (second ed.). University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6568-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6568-1"><bdi>978-0-8020-6568-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+writing+of+Canadian+history%3A+aspects+of+English-Canadian+historical+writing+since+1900&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-6568-1&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwritingofcanadia0000berg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBucknerReid2012" class="citation book cs1">Buckner, Phillip; Reid, John G., eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yiOOuORbGpAC&pg=PP1">Remembering 1759: The Conquest of Canada in Historical Memory</a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-9924-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-9924-3"><bdi>978-1-4426-9924-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remembering+1759%3A+The+Conquest+of+Canada+in+Historical+Memory&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-9924-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyiOOuORbGpAC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConradFinkel2006" class="citation book cs1">Conrad, Margaret; Finkel, Alvin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofcanadia0004conr">History of the Canadian Peoples: Beginnings to 1867</a> (4th ed.). Pearson Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-27008-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-321-27008-5"><bdi>978-0-321-27008-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Canadian+Peoples%3A+Beginnings+to+1867&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Pearson+Longman&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-321-27008-5&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.au=Finkel%2C+Alvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofcanadia0004conr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2015" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Donald A. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1CSSCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1">Donald Creighton: A Life in History</a>. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-2030-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-2030-8"><bdi>978-1-4426-2030-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donald+Creighton%3A+A+Life+in+History&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press%2C+Scholarly+Publishing+Division&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-2030-8&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Donald+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1CSSCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> – Scholarly biography of major historian.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canadian_history" title="Bibliography of Canadian history">Bibliography of Canadian history</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_historians" title="List of Canadian historians">List of Canadian historians</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArtibise1990" class="citation book cs1">Artibise, Alan F.J., ed. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ONW6RrfalUYC&pg=PP1">Interdisciplinary Approaches to Canadian Society: A Guide to the Literature</a>. McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0788-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0788-3"><bdi>978-0-7735-0788-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interdisciplinary+Approaches+to+Canadian+Society%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Literature&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-0788-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DONW6RrfalUYC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2015" class="citation journal cs1">Bell, C. Elizabeth (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjournals.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/whr/article/view/27/23">"A Historiography of Canadian Aboriginal Activism in the 20th Century"</a>. Waterloo Historical Review. 7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15353%2Fwhr.v7.27">10.15353/whr.v7.27</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterloo+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=A+Historiography+of+Canadian+Aboriginal+Activism+in+the+20th+Century&rft.volume=7&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15353%2Fwhr.v7.27&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=C.+Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenjournals.uwaterloo.ca%2Findex.php%2Fwhr%2Farticle%2Fview%2F27%2F23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988">. Also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283799738_A_Historiography_of_Canadian_Aboriginal_Activism_in_the_20th_Century">Research Gate</a></li> <li>Berger, Carl, ed. (1987) Contemporary Approaches to Canadian Writing</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBliss1991" class="citation journal cs1">Bliss, Michael (Winter 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/674034/pdf">"Privatizing the Mind: The Sundering of Canadian History, the Sundering of Canada"</a>. Journal of Canadian Studies. 26 (4): 5–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fjcs.26.4.5">10.3138/jcs.26.4.5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151721939">151721939</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=Privatizing+the+Mind%3A+The+Sundering+of+Canadian+History%2C+the+Sundering+of+Canada&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=5-17&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fjcs.26.4.5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151721939%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bliss&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F674034%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988">. Also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312276266_Privatizing_the_Mind_The_Sundering_of_Canadian_History_the_Sundering_of_Canada">Research Gate</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandt1992" class="citation journal cs1">Brandt, Gail Cuthbert (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/jcha/1992-v3-n1-jcha999/031041ar.pdf">"National Unity and the Politics of Political History"</a> (PDF). Journal of the Canadian Historical Association. 3 (1): 3–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F031041ar">10.7202/031041ar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Canadian+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=National+Unity+and+the+Politics+of+Political+History&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-11&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F031041ar&rft.aulast=Brandt&rft.aufirst=Gail+Cuthbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.erudit.org%2Fen%2Fjournals%2Fjcha%2F1992-v3-n1-jcha999%2F031041ar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Burrill, Fred. "The settler order framework: Rethinking Canadian working-class history." Labour 83 (2019): 173-197. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/llt/1900-v1-n1-llt04682/1061039ar.pdf">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbellMyersPerry2016" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Lara; Myers, Tamara; Perry, Adele (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LQ3XjgEACAAJ&pg=PP1">Rethinking Canada: The Promise of Women's History</a> (seventh ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-901108-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-901108-7"><bdi>978-0-19-901108-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+Canada%3A+The+Promise+of+Women%27s+History&rft.edition=seventh&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-901108-7&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Lara&rft.au=Myers%2C+Tamara&rft.au=Perry%2C+Adele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLQ3XjgEACAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> Previous editions contain different essays from different writers: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0W18SQAACAAJ">Sixth edition</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-543172-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-543172-8">978-0-19-543172-8</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BuvtAAAAMAAJ">Fifth edition</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> (2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1954-2350-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1954-2350-1">978-0-1954-2350-1</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ehW2AAAAIAAJ">Third edition</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-541291-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-541291-8">978-0-19-541291-8</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EkIqAAAAYAAJ">Second edition</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> (1991) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7730-5097-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7730-5097-6">978-0-7730-5097-6</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a14qAAAAYAAJ">First edition</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> (1986) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7730-4601-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7730-4601-6">978-0-7730-4601-6</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCareless1954" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._M._S._Careless" title="J. M. S. Careless">Careless, J.M.S.</a> (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F300357ar">"Canadian Nationalism — Immature or Obsolete?"</a>. Report of the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Historical Association. 33 (1): 12–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F300357ar">10.7202/300357ar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+of+the+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Canadian+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Canadian+Nationalism+%E2%80%94+Immature+or+Obsolete%3F&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=12-19&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F300357ar&rft.aulast=Careless&rft.aufirst=J.M.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7202%252F300357ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Coates, Ken. "The history and historiography of natural resource development in the Arctic: The state of the literature." in Resources and Sustainable Development in the Arctic (2018): 23-41. Reports that scholarly analysis has shifted from the celebratory tone of the pre-1970 era to the more critical evaluation of mining and oil and gas development.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConradErcikanFriesenLétourneau2013" class="citation book cs1">Conrad, Margaret; Ercikan, Kadriye; Friesen, Gerald; et al. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rzPJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1">Canadians and Their Pasts</a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-1539-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-1539-7"><bdi>978-1-4426-1539-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadians+and+Their+Pasts&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-1539-7&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.au=Ercikan%2C+Kadriye&rft.au=Friesen%2C+Gerald&rft.au=L%C3%A9tourneau%2C+Jocelyn&rft.au=Muise%2C+Delphin&rft.au=Northrup%2C+David&rft.au=Seixas%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrzPJAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> – Uses telephone surveys with 3,419 respondents in 2007 to ask how they "use history to situate themselves in the present and plan for the future".</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1966" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ramsay_Cook" class="mw-redirect" title="George Ramsay Cook">Cook, Ramsay</a> (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F030653ar">"Some French-Canadian Interpretations of the British Conquest: une quatrième dominante de la pensée canadienne-française"</a>. Historical Papers. 1 (1): 70–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F030653ar">10.7202/030653ar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Papers&rft.atitle=Some+French-Canadian+Interpretations+of+the+British+Conquest%3A+une+quatri%C3%A8me+dominante+de+la+pens%C3%A9e+canadienne-fran%C3%A7aise&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=70-83&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F030653ar&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Ramsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7202%252F030653ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDick2001" class="citation journal cs1">Dick, Lyle (June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/590953/pdf">"A Growing Necessity for Canada: W. L. Morton's Centenary Series and the Forms of National History, 1955–80"</a>. Canadian Historical Review. 82 (2): 223–252. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2FCHR.82.2.223">10.3138/CHR.82.2.223</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162319085">162319085</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=A+Growing+Necessity+for+Canada%3A+W.+L.+Morton%27s+Centenary+Series+and+the+Forms+of+National+History%2C+1955%E2%80%9380&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=223-252&rft.date=2001-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2FCHR.82.2.223&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162319085%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F590953%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwardsIvison2005" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Justin D.; Ivison, Douglas (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0bD75NCOS18C&pg=PP1">Downtown Canada: Writing Canadian Cities</a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8668-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8668-6"><bdi>978-0-8020-8668-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Downtown+Canada%3A+Writing+Canadian+Cities&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-8668-6&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Justin+D.&rft.au=Ivison%2C+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0bD75NCOS18C%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrenette2014" class="citation journal cs1">Frenette, Yves (2014). "Conscripting Canada's Past: The Harper Government and the Politics of Memory". <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Journal_of_History" title="Canadian Journal of History">Canadian Journal of History</a>. 49 (1): 49–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fcjh.49.1.49">10.3138/cjh.49.1.49</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=Conscripting+Canada%27s+Past%3A+The+Harper+Government+and+the+Politics+of+Memory&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-65&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fcjh.49.1.49&rft.aulast=Frenette&rft.aufirst=Yves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFulfordGodfreyRotstein1972" class="citation book cs1">Fulford, Robert; Godfrey, David; Rotstein, Abraham, eds. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QvB0j3ftGh8C&pg=PP1">Read Canadian: A Book about Canadian Books</a>. James Lorimer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88862-019-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88862-019-4"><bdi>978-0-88862-019-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Read+Canadian%3A+A+Book+about+Canadian+Books&rft.pub=James+Lorimer&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-88862-019-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQvB0j3ftGh8C%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> – Topical chapters that comment on the best historical and current studies.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGranatsteinStevens1982" class="citation book cs1">Granatstein, J.L.; Stevens, Paul D., eds. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nbnfAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP1">A Reader's Guide to Canadian History: Confederation to the Present</a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6490-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6490-5"><bdi>978-0-8020-6490-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Reader%27s+Guide+to+Canadian+History%3A+Confederation+to+the+Present&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-6490-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnbnfAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreer2010" class="citation journal cs1">Greer, Allan (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utpjournals.press/doi/abs/10.3138/chr.91.4.695">"National, Transnational, and Hypernational Historiographies: New France Meets Early American History"</a>. Canadian Historical Review. 91 (4): 695–724. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcan.2010.0031">10.1353/can.2010.0031</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161832491">161832491</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=National%2C+Transnational%2C+and+Hypernational+Historiographies%3A+New+France+Meets+Early+American+History&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=695-724&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcan.2010.0031&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161832491%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Greer&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utpjournals.press%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.3138%2Fchr.91.4.695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988">, Also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254931122_National_Transnational_and_Hypernational_Historiographies_New_France_Meets_Early_American_History">Research Gate</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHulan2014" class="citation book cs1">Hulan, Renée (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4OBCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1">Canadian Historical Writing: Reading the Remains</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-39889-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-39889-5"><bdi>978-1-137-39889-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Historical+Writing%3A+Reading+the+Remains&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-137-39889-5&rft.aulast=Hulan&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9e&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4OBCBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> – Focus on Canadian novelists.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKealey1992" class="citation journal cs1">Kealey, Gregory S. (Summer 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/673898/pdf">"Class in English-Canadian Historical Writing: Neither Privatizing, Nor Sundering"</a>. Journal of Canadian Studies. 27 (2): 123–129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fjcs.27.2.123">10.3138/jcs.27.2.123</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151974372">151974372</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=Class+in+English-Canadian+Historical+Writing%3A+Neither+Privatizing%2C+Nor+Sundering&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=123-129&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fjcs.27.2.123&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151974372%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kealey&rft.aufirst=Gregory+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F673898%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKealeyPiersonSangsterStrong-Boag1992" class="citation journal cs1">Kealey, Linda; Pierson, Ruth; Sangster, Joan; Strong-Boag, Veronica (Summer 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/673899/pdf">"Teaching Canadian History in the 1990s: Whose 'National' History Are We Lamenting?"</a>. Journal of Canadian Studies. 27 (2): 129–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fjcs.27.2.129">10.3138/jcs.27.2.129</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151496673">151496673</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=Teaching+Canadian+History+in+the+1990s%3A+Whose+%27National%27+History+Are+We+Lamenting%3F&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=129-131&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fjcs.27.2.129&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151496673%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kealey&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Pierson%2C+Ruth&rft.au=Sangster%2C+Joan&rft.au=Strong-Boag%2C+Veronica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F673899%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Leddy, Lianne C. "Intersections of Indigenous and environmental history in Canada." Canadian Historical Review 98.1 (2017): 83-95. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/abs/10.3138/chr.98.1.Leddy">online</a></li> <li>McKercher, Asa, and Philip Van Huizen, eds. Undiplomatic History: The New Study of Canada and the World (2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Undiplomatic-History-Study-Canada-Rethinking/dp/077355694X/">excerpt</a>.</li> <li>Madokoro, Laura, Francine McKenzie, and David Meren, eds. Dominion of race: Rethinking Canada's international history (UBC Press, 2017) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXAlDwAAQBAJ&dq=historiography++canada&pg=PP1">online</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiquelon1977" class="citation book cs1">Miquelon, Dale, ed. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ALkJAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP1">Society and Conquest: The Debate on the Bourgeoisie and Social Change in French Canada, 1700-1850</a>. Copp Clark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7730-3132-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7730-3132-6"><bdi>978-0-7730-3132-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Society+and+Conquest%3A+The+Debate+on+the+Bourgeoisie+and+Social+Change+in+French+Canada%2C+1700-1850&rft.pub=Copp+Clark&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-7730-3132-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DALkJAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> – Exurbs from primary sources and historians</li> <li>Muise D. A. ed. A Reader's Guide to Canadian History: 1, Beginnings to Confederation (1982); (1982) Topical articles by leading scholars <ul><li>Granatstein J.L. and Paul Stevens, ed. A Reader's Guide to Canadian History: vol 2: Confederation to the present (1982), Topical articles by leading scholars</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne2000" class="citation journal cs1">Osborne, Ken (September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/590617/pdf">"'Our History Syllabus Has Us Gasping': History in Canadian Schools—Past, Present, and Future"</a>. Canadian Historical Review. 81 (3): 403–471. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fchr.81.3.403">10.3138/chr.81.3.403</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162588531">162588531</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=%27Our+History+Syllabus+Has+Us+Gasping%27%3A+History+in+Canadian+Schools%E2%80%94Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=403-471&rft.date=2000-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fchr.81.3.403&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162588531%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F590617%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988">. Also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238450587_'Our_History_Syllabus_Has_Us_Gasping'_History_in_Canadian_Schools_B_Past_Present_and_Future">Research Gate</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwram1994" class="citation book cs1">Owram, Doug, ed. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HKmAjZJCJFoC&pg=PP1">Canadian History: Confederation to the Present</a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-7676-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-7676-2"><bdi>978-0-8020-7676-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+History%3A+Confederation+to+the+Present&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-7676-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHKmAjZJCJFoC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParr1995" class="citation journal cs1">Parr, Joy (September 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/574746/pdf">"Gender History and Historical Practice"</a>. Canadian Historical Review. 76 (3): 354–376. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2FCHR-076-03-03">10.3138/CHR-076-03-03</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162448329">162448329</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Gender+History+and+Historical+Practice&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=354-376&rft.date=1995-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2FCHR-076-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162448329%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Parr&rft.aufirst=Joy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F574746%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRead1997" class="citation journal cs1">Read, Colin (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acsanz.org.au/archives/1997-15-1-2readarticle.pdf">"Canada's Twin 'Revolutionary' Traditions"</a> (PDF). Australian-Canadian Studies. 15 (1): 7–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian-Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+Twin+%27Revolutionary%27+Traditions&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-35&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acsanz.org.au%2Farchives%2F1997-15-1-2readarticle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Reaume, Geoffrey. "The Place of Mad People and Disabled People in Canadian Historiography: Surveys, Biographies, and Specialized Fields." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 28.1 (2017): 277-316 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/jcha/1900-v1-n1-jcha03928/1050902ar.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Rich, E. E. "Canadian History." Historical Journal 14#4 (1971): 827-52. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638109">online</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudin1997" class="citation book cs1">Rudin, Ronald (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makinghistoryint0000rudi">Making History in Twentieth-Century Quebec</a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-7838-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-7838-4"><bdi>978-0-8020-7838-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+History+in+Twentieth-Century+Quebec&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-7838-4&rft.aulast=Rudin&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakinghistoryint0000rudi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultz1990" class="citation book cs1">Schultz, John A., ed. 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Prentice-Hall Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-970930-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-970930-2"><bdi>978-0-13-970930-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+About+Canada%3A+A+Handbook+for+Modern+Canadian+History&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall+Canada&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-13-970930-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC3ROhxNfdm0C%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> – Chapters by experts on politics, economics, ideas, regions, agriculture, business, labor, women, ethnicity and war.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSholdice2015" class="citation journal cs1">Sholdice, Mark (2015). "'A Rather Stupid Sort of Game Played by the Bald and Obese Middle-aged': Partisanship and Patronage in Late Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century English Canadian Historical Writing". American Review of Canadian Studies. 45 (3): 365–377. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02722011.2015.1085423">10.1080/02722011.2015.1085423</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146307773">146307773</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Review+of+Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=%27A+Rather+Stupid+Sort+of+Game+Played+by+the+Bald+and+Obese+Middle-aged%27%3A+Partisanship+and+Patronage+in+Late+Nineteenth-+and+Early-Twentieth-Century+English+Canadian+Historical+Writing&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=365-377&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02722011.2015.1085423&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146307773%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sholdice&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrong-Boag1994" class="citation journal cs1">Strong-Boag, Veronica (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F031070ar">"Presidential Address: Contested Space: The Politics of Canadian Memory"</a>. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association. 5 (1): 3–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F031070ar">10.7202/031070ar</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144511377">144511377</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Canadian+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Presidential+Address%3A+Contested+Space%3A+The+Politics+of+Canadian+Memory&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-16&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F031070ar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144511377%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Strong-Boag&rft.aufirst=Veronica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7202%252F031070ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorOwram1994" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Martin Brook; Owram, Douglas (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FamJrJEvymIC&pg=PP1">Canadian History: A Reader's Guide: Beginnings to Confederation</a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6826-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6826-2"><bdi>978-0-8020-6826-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+History%3A+A+Reader%27s+Guide%3A+Beginnings+to+Confederation&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-6826-2&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Martin+Brook&rft.au=Owram%2C+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFamJrJEvymIC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988">; essays by experts evaluate the scholarly literature <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorOwram1994" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Martin Brook; Owram, Douglas (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HKmAjZJCJFoC&pg=PP1">Canadian history. 2. Confederation to the present</a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-7676-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-7676-2"><bdi>978-0-8020-7676-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+history.+2.+Confederation+to+the+present&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-7676-2&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Martin+Brook&rft.au=Owram%2C+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHKmAjZJCJFoC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988">; essays by experts evaluate the scholarly literature.</li></ul></li> <li>Tillotson, Shirley. "The Canadian Historical Review at One Hundred Years." The Canadian Historical Review 100.3 (2019): 315–348. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/chr.2018-0104">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrautsch2013" class="citation journal cs1">Trautsch, Jasper M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smallwars.ferrellhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/TRAUTSCH-1812-200-years-of-debate-2013-21-p.pdf">"The Causes of the War of 1812: 200 Years of Debate"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Military_History" title="The Journal of Military History">The Journal of Military History</a>. 77 (1): 273–293.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=The+Causes+of+the+War+of+1812%3A+200+Years+of+Debate&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=273-293&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Trautsch&rft.aufirst=Jasper+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmallwars.ferrellhistory.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F09%2FTRAUTSCH-1812-200-years-of-debate-2013-21-p.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988">. Also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298463610_The_Causes_of_the_War_of_1812_200_Years_of_Debate">Research Gate</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarkentin2010" class="citation book cs1">Warkentin, John, ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xxi53M5nKT8C&pg=PP1">So Vast and Various: Interpreting Canada's Regions in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries</a>. McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3719-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3719-4"><bdi>978-0-7735-3719-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=So+Vast+and+Various%3A+Interpreting+Canada%27s+Regions+in+the+Nineteenth+and+Twentieth+Centuries&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-3719-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXxi53M5nKT8C%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> – Looks at 150 years of writings about Canada's regions.</li> <li>Whitfield, Harvey Amani. "The African diaspora in Atlantic Canada: History, historians, and historiography." Acadiensis 46.1 (2017): 213–232. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/acadiensis/2009-v38-n1-acad_46_1/acad46_1misc01/">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyile2007" class="citation book cs1">Wyile, Herb (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ODt1FIL2lrwC&pg=PP1">Speaking in the Past Tense: Canadian Novelists on Writing Historical Fiction</a>. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-511-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-511-6"><bdi>978-0-88920-511-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speaking+in+the+Past+Tense%3A+Canadian+Novelists+on+Writing+Historical+Fiction&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-88920-511-6&rft.aulast=Wyile&rft.aufirst=Herb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DODt1FIL2lrwC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Canada&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/QuebecHistory/encyclopedia/HistofCan.htm">"Historiography of Canada"</a>. Québec History. Marianopolis College. 1948.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Qu%C3%A9bec+History&rft.atitle=Historiography+of+Canada&rft.date=1948&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.marianopolis.edu%2Fc.belanger%2FQuebecHistory%2Fencyclopedia%2FHistofCan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li>From <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a>, online edition, <a href="/wiki/Historica_Canada" title="Historica Canada">Historica Canada</a>: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/historiography">Historiography</a>. 4 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historiography&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Farticle%2Fhistoriography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMckillop2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mckillop, A. Brian (4 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/historiography-in-english">Historiography in English</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historiography+in+English&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft.aulast=Mckillop&rft.aufirst=A.+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fhistoriography-in-english&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoySavard2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Roy, Fernande; Savard, Pierre (4 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/article/historiography-in-french">Historiography in French</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historiography+in+French&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Fernande&rft.au=Savard%2C+Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Farticle%2Fhistoriography-in-french&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcdowall2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mcdowall, Duncan (4 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/oral-history">Business History</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+History&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft.aulast=Mcdowall&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Foral-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrummondMcintosh2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Drummond, Ian M.; Mcintosh, Gord (7 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/economic-history">Economic History of Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+History+of+Canada&rft.date=2018-03-07&rft.aulast=Drummond&rft.aufirst=Ian+M.&rft.au=Mcintosh%2C+Gord&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Feconomic-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrummondMcintosh2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Drummond, Ian M.; Mcintosh, Gord (7 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/economic-history-of-atlantic-canada">Economic History of Atlantic Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+History+of+Atlantic+Canada&rft.date=2018-03-07&rft.aulast=Drummond&rft.aufirst=Ian+M.&rft.au=Mcintosh%2C+Gord&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Feconomic-history-of-atlantic-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrummondMcintosh2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Drummond, Ian M.; Mcintosh, Gord (6 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/economic-history-of-central-canada">Economic History of Central Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+History+of+Central+Canada&rft.date=2018-03-06&rft.aulast=Drummond&rft.aufirst=Ian+M.&rft.au=Mcintosh%2C+Gord&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Feconomic-history-of-central-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrummondMcintosh2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Drummond, Ian M.; Mcintosh, Gord (7 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/economic-history-of-western-canada">Economic History of Western Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+History+of+Western+Canada&rft.date=2018-03-07&rft.aulast=Drummond&rft.aufirst=Ian+M.&rft.au=Mcintosh%2C+Gord&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Feconomic-history-of-western-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStursberg2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Stursberg, Peter (23 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/oral-history">Oral History</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oral+History&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft.aulast=Stursberg&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Foral-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshMarshall2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Marsh, James H.; Marshall, Tabitha (4 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/railway-history">Railway History</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railway+History&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Tabitha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Frailway-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossSkikavich2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cross, Michael S.; Skikavich, Julia (4 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/social-history">Social History</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+History&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft.au=Skikavich%2C+Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fsocial-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkins2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Watkins, Mel (16 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/oral-history">Staple Thesis</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Staple+Thesis&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=Mel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Foral-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistoriography+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-5hwfr","wgBackendResponseTime":257,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.467","walltime":"1.740","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15232,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":649239,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":18506,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":60,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":458480,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1352.986 1 -total"," 32.75% 443.164 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.13% 272.373 18 Template:Navbox"," 14.88% 201.351 1 Template:Historiography"," 14.58% 197.325 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 13.75% 186.049 49 Template:Cite_book"," 11.51% 155.760 38 Template:Cite_journal"," 10.97% 148.420 1 Template:History_of_Canada"," 10.50% 142.131 1 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