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class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amalia Puga de Losada</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> écrivaine péruvienne </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Amalia Natividad de las Mercedes Puga y Puga</b>, plus connue sous le nom d'<b>Amalia Puga de Losada</b>, née à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cajamarca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a> le <time class="nowrap bday" datetime="1866-09-08" data-sort-value="1866-09-08">8 septembre 1866</time>, morte à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lima">Lima</a> le <time class="nowrap dday" datetime="1963-09-20" data-sort-value="1963-09-20">20 septembre 1963</time>, est une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Écrivaine">écrivaine</a> péruvienne, à la fois <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poète">poétesse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanci%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romancière">romancière</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Essayiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Essayiste">essayiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conteuse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conteuse">conteuse</a>. Elle est admise comme membre du <i>Círculo Literario</i> en 1887 et de l'<i>Ateneo de Lima</i> en 1891<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete icon auteur" style="background-color: #4C6099; color: #FFF;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r155517023">.mw-parser-output .entete.auteur{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_auteur.png")}</style> <div> Amalia Puga de Losada </div> </div> <div class="images"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Amalia_Puga.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image Amalia Puga.png." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Amalia_Puga.png/220px-Amalia_Puga.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Amalia_Puga.png 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="390"></a></span> </div> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#7090E0; height:1px;"></div> <table> <caption class="hidden" style=""> Données clés </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:7.5em;">Nom de naissance</th> <td>Amalia Natividad de las Mercedes Puga y Puga</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:7.5em;">Naissance</th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1866-09-08" data-sort-value="1866-09-08"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 septembre">8</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septembre_1866?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septembre 1866">septembre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1866_en_litt%C3%A9rature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1866 en littérature">1866</a></time> <br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cajamarca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a>, Peru</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:7.5em;">Décès</th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="1963-09-20" data-sort-value="1963-09-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 septembre">20</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septembre_1963?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septembre 1963">septembre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1963_en_litt%C3%A9rature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1963 en littérature">1963</a></time> (à 97 ans) <br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#7090E0;"> Auteur </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Genres</th> <td> <div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_(litt%C3%A9rature)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman (littérature)">Roman</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A9sie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poésie">poésie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouvelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouvelle">nouvelles</a> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#7090E0;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DAmalia_Puga_de_Losada%26action%3Dedit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></p> </div> <p>Parmi ses œuvres, se distinguent notamment <i>La Felicidad</i> (1887) ; <i>La literatura en la mujer</i> (1891) ; <i>Ensayos literarios</i> (1893) ; <i>El voto</i> (1923), court roman ; <i>Poesías</i> (1928) ; <i>La madre Espinach, vidente y profetisa</i> (1933 et 1950) ; <i>Tragedia inédita</i> (1948) ; et <i>El jabón de hiel</i> (1949), qui sont des histoires inspirées des traditions et des légendes de sa ville natale. En 1952, elle écrit le roman <i>Los Barzúas</i>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Biographie"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Biographie">Biographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Amalia_Puga_de_Losada&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Biographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Amalia Natividad de las Mercedes Puga naît à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cajamarca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a> le <time class="nowrap bday" datetime="1866-09-08" data-sort-value="1866-09-08">8 septembre 1866</time><sup id="cite_ref-eladd.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eladd.org-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle est la fille de José Mercedes Puga y Valera et de Carolina Puga Chávarri, tous les deux d'origine espagnole<sup id="cite_ref-eladd.org_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eladd.org-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Son père encourage les arts et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Littérature">littérature</a>, l'incite à lire et lui offre de nombreux livres<sup id="cite_ref-eladd.org_2-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eladd.org-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Pendant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_du_Pacifique_(1879-1884)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre du Pacifique (1879-1884)">guerre du Pacifique</a> en avril 1879, son père s'engage pour participer à la lutte. En 1885, après une longue période de rébellion contre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miguel_Iglesias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miguel Iglesias">Miguel Iglesias</a>, il entre triomphalement à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huamachuco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huamachuco">Huamachuco</a>, lorsqu'il est abattu. Amalia était alors encore adolescente<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Sa détresse face à cette première grande tragédie se reflète dans son essai <i>La Memoria</i> (1888) et dans les poèmes <i>Gotas de Acíbar</i> (1888) et <i>Remembranzas</i> (1893).</p> <p>Sa mère avait fait ses études dans l'institution <i>Beaterio de las Shocllas</i>, où elle envoie plus tard sa fille Amalia. Ces études lui inculquent la foi et le respect pour les principes moraux rigides de la société de Cajamarca. Elle appartient à l'une des familles les plus en vue de la région, le pouvoir réel et les terres étant entre les mains de ces familles d'Espagnols et de leurs descendants, qui possèdent les terres, les mines, le commerce et ont facilement accès à l'enseignement secondaire et supérieur. Ces différences socio-économiques si marquées sont une situation qui est très clairement présente dans les écrits d'Amalia Puga<sup id="cite_ref-eladd.org_2-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eladd.org-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Amalia Puga de Losada fait ses débuts comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> en 1887, avant d'avoir 21 ans. Elle publie à Lima un court article intitulé « La felicidad » (Le Bonheur). Elle écrit également pour <i>El Perú Ilustrado</i> et l'année suivante pour <i>El Álbum de Trujillo</i>. En 1890, elle commence à écrire pour la <i>Revista Ilustrada de Nueva York</i> ; Elías de Losada y Plissé, le directeur de ce périodique, tombe amoureux d'elle<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En 1891, elle est admise à l'<i>Ateneo de Lima</i> avec une dissertation réussie sur « La Literatura en la Mujer » (La Littérature chez les femmes). En 1891, la <i>Sociedad Amantes del Progreso de Cajamarca</i> l'admet à l'unanimité comme membre honoraire. En 1892, elle remporte un concours organisé par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_de_Lima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province de Lima">Conseil provincial de Lima</a> avec son poème <i>El Descubrimiento</i> (La découverte). En 1893, elle épouse Enrique de Losada y Plissé ; ils emménagent à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York">New York</a>. Amalia laisse alors l'écriture de côté et ne publie presque rien durant cette période. C'est un silence littéraire reflété plus tard dans le sonnet <i>Flujo y Reflujo</i>. Son seul enfant, Cristóbal de Losada y Puga, naît en 1894 ; elle lui dédie <i>A mi hijo en su infancia</i>, et le sonnet <i>Íntimo</i>, dans lequel elle offre sa maternité. Il devient plus tard un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Math%C3%A9maticien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mathématicien">mathématicien</a> réputé<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le contenu des écrits d'Amalia Puga de Losada, tout comme celle d'autres auteurs d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Progressisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Progressisme">idéologie progressiste</a> tels que <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercedes_Cabello_de_Carbonera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera">Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera</a> et Clorinda Matto, manque nettement d'éléments historiques et politiques puisqu'aucune de ces femmes ne participe vraiment à la sphère socio-politique. La société de l'époque considère les événements sociaux, militaires et politiques comme étrangers à l'essence féminine, qui doit rester la maternité.</p> <p>Elle épouse l'écrivain colombien Elías de Losada Plissé en 1893. Ils s'installent à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York">New York</a>, mais peu de temps après, elle devient veuve à trente ans, en 1896. Elle se retire alors dans sa ville natale, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cajamarca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a>, où elle se consacre à l'éducation de son fils<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après une période de ressourcement spirituel, elle reprend l'écriture<sup id="cite_ref-eladd.org_2-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eladd.org-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En 1924, elle écrit <i>Himno</i>. En 1925, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_de_Cajamarca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province de Cajamarca">Conseil provincial de Cajamarca</a> donne son nom à l'ancienne rue Callao. En 1927, l'éditeur <i>Editorial Cervantes</i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelone">Barcelone</a> publie ses poèmes dans la collection des femmes poètes américaines<sup id="cite_ref-eladd.org_2-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eladd.org-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Elle passe les quarante dernières années de sa vie à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lima">Lima</a>, ville alors troublée par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coup d'État">coup d'État</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luis_Miguel_S%C3%A1nchez_Cerro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro">Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro</a> en 1930 et par ses conséquences, notamment les poursuites politiques contre les nouveaux idéologues tels que <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Ra%C3%BAl_Haya_de_la_Torre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre">Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Mari%C3%A1tegui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Carlos Mariátegui">José Carlos Mariátegui</a>. Amalia Puga de Losada, qui connaît ce type de situation, se limite à écrire exclusivement sur Cajamarca, et elle devient connue sous le surnom de « La Puguita ». En 1933, elle publie <i>La Madre Espinach, vidente y profetisa</i>, qui raconte l'histoire de Cajamarca. En 1937, elle crée et dirige la <i>Liga Femenil Pro-Diócesis de Cajamarca</i> et un an plus tard la <i>Sociedad Obras de Vocaciones Sacerdotales de Cajamarca</i>. Les neuf histoires présentées dans son livre <i>Tragedia Inédita</i> (1948) concernent Cajamarca. <i>El jabón de hiel</i>, qu'elle publie en 1949, est une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compilation_(litt%C3%A9rature)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compilation (littérature)">compilation</a> de vingt autres histoires précédemment publiées par des périodiques de Lima tels que <i>El Social</i>, <i>El Renacimiento</i>, <i>Correo de la Educación</i> et <i>La Unión de Pacasmayo</i>. Elle publie le roman <i>Los Barzúas</i> en 1952. Elle y met en scène une ville fictive qu'elle a déjà utilisée ; elle affirme la nécessité de créer des « imaginaires spatiaux » où elle transpose la réalité vécue<sup id="cite_ref-eladd.org_2-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eladd.org-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En 1960, le gouvernement lui décerne l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordre_du_Soleil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordre du Soleil">Ordre du soleil du Pérou</a><sup id="cite_ref-eladd.org_2-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eladd.org-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, mais son fils Cristobal meurt, ce qui la plonge dans une douleur si profonde qu'elle abandonne complètement l'écriture. Elle meurt trois ans plus tard, à 97 ans, le <time class="nowrap dday" datetime="1963-09-20" data-sort-value="1963-09-20">20 septembre 1963</time><sup id="cite_ref-eladd.org_2-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eladd.org-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Amalia_Puga_de_Losada&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Moncada2016">Moncada, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sanmiguelcajamarca.blogspot.com/2016/09/sesquicentenario-amalia-puga-de-losada.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">SAN MIGUEL DE PALLAQUES "Puerta del Cielo" / Cajamarca: Sesquicentenario AMALIA PUGA DE LOSADA / Al Rescate de Cajamarca</cite></a> », <span class="italique">SAN MIGUEL DE PALLAQUES "Puerta del Cielo" / Cajamarca</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-09-06" data-sort-value="2016-09-06">6 septembre 2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-10-02" data-sort-value="2019-10-02">2 octobre 2019</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-eladd.org-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eladd.org_2-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eladd.org_2-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eladd.org_2-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eladd.org_2-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eladd.org_2-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eladd.org_2-5">f</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eladd.org_2-6">g</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eladd.org_2-7">h</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eladd.org_2-8">i</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Arango-Keeth"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fanny_Arango-Keeth"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> Fanny Arango-Keeth, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eladd.org/autoras-ilustres/amalia-puga-de-losada/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="es">Amalia Puga de Losada : Biografía de «La Puguita»</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">eladd.org</span>, Escritoras Latinoamericanas Del Diecinueve</span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Montes"><span class="ouvrage" id="Carbone_Montes"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> Carbone Montes, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gw.geneanet.org/fracarbo?lang%3Des%26pz%3Dfrancisco%2Bjavier%2Bmanuel%26nz%3Dcarbone%2Bmontes%26p%3Damalia%2Bnatividad%26n%3Dpuga%2By%2Bpuga"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="es">Amalia Natividad Puga y Puga: genealogía</cite></a> », <span class="italique">Geneanet</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-10-02" data-sort-value="2019-10-02">2 octobre 2019</time>)</small></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1886"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="es">El doctor José Mercedes Puga y su participación en los sucesos del Norte ...</cite>, Imp. de T. Aguirre, <time>1886</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/eldoctorjosmerc00unkngoog">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+doctor+Jos%C3%A9+Mercedes+Puga+y+su+participaci%C3%B3n+en+los+sucesos+del+Norte+...&rft.pub=Imp.+de+T.+Aguirre&rft.date=1886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAmalia+Puga+de+Losada"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cajamarca-sucesos.com/cajamarca_region/sociales/distinciones/amalia_puga_de_losada/exposicion_ilustrada.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">HOMENAJE A LA POETA CAJAMARQUINA AMALIA PUGA DE LOSADA: EXPOSICIÓN ILUSTRADA DE AMALIA PUGA DE LOSADA POR ALEJANDRO SÁNCHEZ BASAURI</cite></a> », <span class="italique">www.cajamarca-sucesos.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-01-04" data-sort-value="2019-01-04">4 janvier 2019</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/sanmarcos/biografia/delosadac.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">UNMSM - Personajes Distinguidos</cite></a> », <span class="italique">www.unmsm.edu.pe</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-01-04" data-sort-value="2019-01-04">4 janvier 2019</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mineriaonline.com.pe/pagedeta.asp?idtipo%3D5%26idpage%3D1943"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="es">Cristóbal de Losada y Puga: Matemático por excelencia e ilustre científico peruano</cite></a> » <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813040433/http://mineriaonline.com.pe/pagedeta.asp?idtipo%3D5%26idpage%3D1943">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-08-13" data-sort-value="2016-08-13">13 août 2016</time></a>]</small></span>, <span class="italique">Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas del Perú</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-10-02" data-sort-value="2019-10-02">2 octobre 2019</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://eladd.org/autoras-ilustres/amalia-puga-de-losada/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Biografía de "La Puguita" - Escritoras Latinoamericanas del Diecinueve (ELADD)</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-10-02" data-sort-value="2019-10-02">2 octobre 2019</time>)</small></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr>/<abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu des articles intitulés en anglais <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?oldid%3D969151636">Amalia Puga de Losada</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?action%3Dhistory">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span> et en espagnol <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?oldid%3D125907925">Amalia Puga de Losada</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalia_Puga_de_Losada?action%3Dhistory">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Amalia_Puga_de_Losada&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Amalia_Puga_de_Losada&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span 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