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cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Support subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-HomeGrid_Forum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HomeGrid_Forum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>HomeGrid Forum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HomeGrid_Forum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vendors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vendors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Vendors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vendors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_providers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_providers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Service providers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_providers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment_vendors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment_vendors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Equipment vendors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment_vendors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumer_electronics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumer_electronics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Consumer electronics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumer_electronics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Analysts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Other organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Related standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residential_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residential_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Residential applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residential_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Industrial applications </span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Home networking over legacy wiring</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table style="float:right;margin-left:15px;" class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#ccccff" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> <a href="/wiki/Home_network" title="Home network">home networking</a> recommendations </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>Common name</th> <th>Recommendations </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/HomePNA" title="HomePNA">HomePNA</a> 2.0</td> <td>G.9951, G.9952, G.9953 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/HomePNA" title="HomePNA">HomePNA</a> 3.0</td> <td>G.9954 (02/05) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/HomePNA" title="HomePNA">HomePNA</a> 3.1</td> <td>G.9954 (01/07) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">G.hn</a></td> <td>G.9960, G.9961 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>G.hn-management</td> <td>G.9962 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/G.hn-mimo" class="mw-redirect" title="G.hn-mimo">G.hn-mimo</a></td> <td>G.9963 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>G.hn-psd</td> <td>G.9964 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ITU_G.9991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ITU G.9991 (page does not exist)">G.vlc</a></td> <td>G.9991 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.9972" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.9972">G.cx</a></td> <td>G.9972 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>G.hnta</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.9970" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.9970">G.9970</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>G.dpm</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ITU_G.9977&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ITU G.9977 (page does not exist)">G.9977</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>G.sa</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ITU_G.9978&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ITU G.9978 (page does not exist)">G.9978</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>G.cwmp (TR-069)</td> <td>G.9980 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ITU-T_Home_networking_Recommendations" title="Template:ITU-T Home networking Recommendations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ITU-T_Home_networking_Recommendations" title="Template talk:ITU-T Home networking Recommendations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ITU-T_Home_networking_Recommendations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ITU-T Home networking Recommendations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gigabit Home Networking</b> (<b>G.hn</b>) is a specification for wired <a href="/wiki/Home_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Home networking">home networking</a> that supports speeds up to 2 Gbit/s and operates over four types of legacy wires: <a href="/wiki/Telephone_wiring" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone wiring">telephone wiring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Power line">power lines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plastic_optical_fiber" title="Plastic optical fiber">plastic optical fiber</a>. Some benefits of a multi-wire standard are lower equipment development costs and lower deployment costs for service providers (by allowing customer self-install).<sup id="cite_ref-instatwebinar_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-instatwebinar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>G.hn offers enhanced immunity to power line disturbances compared to other connection technologies. It serves as a bridge, connecting older systems prevalent in industrial settings with modern technologies that can revolutionize operations. While many machines and devices have transitioned to wireless, wired legacy systems remain integral for communication in industrial contexts. In the industrial realm, swift and dependable connectivity is crucial for seamless machine-to-machine interactions. Absence of this can lead to operational halts or reduced service quality. G.hn stands as a pivotal infrastructure for time-sensitive and safety-critical tasks, boasting strong features that support vital communications and a network's ability to auto-recover.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>G.hn was developed under the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a>'s Telecommunication Standardization sector (the <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>) and promoted by the HomeGrid Forum and several other organizations. ITU-T Recommendation (the ITU's term for standard) <b>G.9960</b>, which received approval on October 9, 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-ituapproval_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ituapproval-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> specified the <a href="/wiki/Physical_layer" title="Physical layer">physical layers</a> and the architecture of G.hn. The Data Link Layer (Recommendation G.9961) was approved on June 11, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-dllapproval_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dllapproval-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prominent organizations, including CEPca, HomePNA, and UPA, who were creators of some of these interfaces, rallied behind the latest version of the standard, emphasizing its potential and significance in the home networking domain.<sup id="cite_ref-hgf-liaison_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hgf-liaison-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the ITU-T extended the technology with <a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">multiple input, multiple output</a> (MIMO) technology to increase data rates and signaling distance.<sup id="cite_ref-TOVIM14_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOVIM14-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new feature was approved in March 2012 under <a href="/wiki/G.9963" title="G.9963">G.9963</a> Recommendation. </p><p>The development and promotion of G.hn have been significantly supported by the HomeGrid Forum and several other organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technology was not only designed to address home-networking challenges but also found applications beyond this initial scope, showcasing its versatility and potential in the networking domain.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_specifications">Technical specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technical specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_overview">Technical overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Technical overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>G.hn specifies a single <a href="/wiki/Physical_layer" title="Physical layer">physical layer</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform" title="Fast Fourier transform">fast Fourier transform</a> (FFT) <a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing</a> (OFDM) modulation and <a href="/wiki/Low-density_parity-check_code" title="Low-density parity-check code">low-density parity-check code</a> (LDPC) <a href="/wiki/Forward_error_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward error correction">forward error correction</a> (FEC) code. G.hn includes the capability to notch specific frequency bands to avoid interference with <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">amateur radio</a> bands and other licensed radio services. G.hn includes mechanisms to avoid interference with legacy home networking technologies<sup id="cite_ref-coexwp_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coexwp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also with other wireline systems such as <a href="/wiki/VDSL2" class="mw-redirect" title="VDSL2">VDSL2</a> or other types of <a href="/wiki/DSL" class="mw-redirect" title="DSL">DSL</a> used to access the home. </p><p>OFDM systems split the transmitted signal into multiple <a href="/wiki/Orthogonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthogonal">orthogonal</a> sub-carriers. In G.hn each one of the sub-carriers is modulated using <a href="/wiki/QAM" class="mw-redirect" title="QAM">QAM</a>. The maximum QAM constellation supported by G.hn is 4096-QAM (12-bit QAM). </p><p>The G.hn <a href="/wiki/Media_access_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Media access control">media access control</a> is based on a <a href="/wiki/Time_division_multiple_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Time division multiple access">time division multiple access</a> (TDMA) architecture, in which a "domain master" schedules Transmission Opportunities (TXOPs) that can be used by one or more devices in the "domain". There are two types of TXOPs: </p> <ul><li>Contention-Free Transmission Opportunities (CFTXOP), which have a fixed duration and are allocated to a specific pair of transmitter and receiver. CFTXOP are used for implementing TDMA Channel Access for specific applications that require <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_service" title="Quality of service">quality of service</a> (QoS) guarantees.</li> <li>Shared Transmission Opportunities (STXOP), which are shared among multiple devices in the network. STXOP are divided into Time Slots (TS). There are two types of TS: <ul><li>Contention-Free Time Slots (CFTS), which are used for implementing "implicit" <a href="/wiki/Token_passing" title="Token passing">token passing</a> Channel Access. In G.hn, a series of consecutive CFTS is allocated to a number of devices. The allocation is performed by the "domain master" and broadcast to all nodes in the network. There are pre-defined rules that specify which device can transmit after another device has finished using the channel. As all devices know "who is next", there is no need to explicitly send a "token" between devices. The process of "passing the token" is implicit and ensures that there are no <a href="/wiki/Collision" title="Collision">collisions</a> during Channel access.</li> <li>Contention-Based Time Slots (CBTS), which are used for implementing <a href="/wiki/CSMA/CARP" class="mw-redirect" title="CSMA/CARP">CSMA/CARP</a> Channel Access. In general, CSMA systems cannot completely avoid collisions, so CBTS are only useful for applications that do not have strict Quality of Service requirements.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Optimization_for_each_medium">Optimization for each medium</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Optimization for each medium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although most elements of G.hn are common for all three media supported by the standard (power lines, phone lines and coaxial cable), G.hn includes media-specific optimizations for each media. Some of these media-specific parameters include:<sup id="cite_ref-ghnwebinar_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghnwebinar-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>OFDM Carrier Spacing: 195.31 kHz in coaxial, 48.82 kHz in phone lines, 24.41 kHz in power lines.</li> <li>FEC Rates: G.hn's FEC can operate with <a href="/wiki/Code_rate" title="Code rate">code rates</a> 1/2, 2/3, 5/6, 16/18 and 20/21. Although these rates are not media specific, it is expected that the higher code rates will be used in cleaner media (such as coaxial) while the lower code rates will be used in noisy environments such as power lines.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_repeat_request" title="Automatic repeat request">Automatic repeat request</a> (ARQ) mechanisms: G.hn supports operation both with and without ARQ (re-transmission). Although this is not media specific, it is expected that ARQ-less operation is sometimes appropriate for cleaner media (such as coaxial) while ARQ operation is appropriate for noisy environments such as power lines.</li> <li>Power levels and frequency bands: G.hn defines different power masks for each medium.</li> <li>MIMO support: Recommendation <a href="/wiki/G.9963" title="G.9963">G.9963</a> includes provisions for transmitting G.hn signals over multiple AC wires (phase, neutral, ground), if they are physically available.<sup id="cite_ref-TOVIM14_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOVIM14-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-g9963_2015_amd1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g9963_2015_amd1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> G.9963 was updated to include MIMO support over twisted pairs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Security">Security</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>G.hn uses the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard" title="Advanced Encryption Standard">Advanced Encryption Standard</a> (AES) encryption algorithm (with a 128-bit key length) using the <a href="/wiki/CCMP_(cryptography)" title="CCMP (cryptography)">CCMP</a> protocol to ensure <a href="/wiki/Confidentiality" title="Confidentiality">confidentiality</a> and message integrity. <a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a> and <a href="/wiki/Key_exchange" title="Key exchange">key exchange</a> is done following <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> Recommendation <a href="/wiki/X.1035" title="X.1035">X.1035</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>G.hn specifies <a href="/wiki/Network_topology#Point-to-point" title="Network topology">point-to-point</a> security inside a domain, which means that each pair of transmitter and receiver uses a unique encryption key which is not shared by other devices in the same domain. For example, if node <a href="/wiki/Placeholder_names_in_cryptography" class="mw-redirect" title="Placeholder names in cryptography">Alice</a> sends data to node <a href="/wiki/Placeholder_names_in_cryptography" class="mw-redirect" title="Placeholder names in cryptography">Bob</a>, node <a href="/wiki/Placeholder_names_in_cryptography" class="mw-redirect" title="Placeholder names in cryptography">Eve</a> (in the same domain as Alice and Bob) will not be able to easily eavesdrop their communication.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>G.hn supports the concept of relays, in which one device can receive a message from one node and deliver it to another node farther away in the same domain. Relaying becomes critical for applications with complex network topologies that need to cover large distances, such as those found in industrial or utility applications. While a relay can read the source and target addresses, it cannot read the message's content due to its body being end-to-end-encrypted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Profiles">Profiles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Profiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The G.hn architecture includes the concept of profiles. Profiles are intended to address G.hn nodes with significantly different levels of complexity. In G.hn the higher complexity profiles are <a href="/wiki/Proper_superset" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper superset">proper supersets</a> of lower complexity profiles, so that devices based on different profiles can interoperate with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of G.hn devices based on high complexity profiles are Residential Gateways or Set-Top Boxes. Examples of G.hn devices based on low complexity profiles are home automation, home security and smart grid devices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technical_parameters">Technical parameters</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Technical parameters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chart depicts a summary of the crucial technical specifications of the G.hn standard. Many of these technical elements are consistent across different physical media, with variations seen in areas such as Tone Spacing and frequency ranges. This uniformity is essential as it allows silicon manufacturers to produce a singular chip capable of implementing all three media types, leading to cost savings. Presently, G.hn chipsets are compatible with all three media types. This compatibility allows system manufacturers to create devices that can adjust to any wiring type simply by modifying a software configuration in the equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spectrum">Spectrum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spectrum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The G.hn spectrum depends on the medium as shown in the diagram below: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Spectrum-v1.0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="G.hn spectral usage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/27/Spectrum-v1.0.png" decoding="async" width="638" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protocol_stack">Protocol stack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Protocol stack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G.hn_protocol_stack.001.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/G.hn_protocol_stack.001.png/300px-G.hn_protocol_stack.001.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="396" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/G.hn_protocol_stack.001.png/450px-G.hn_protocol_stack.001.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/G.hn_protocol_stack.001.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption>G.hn protocol stack</figcaption></figure> <p>G.hn specifies the physical layer and the <a href="/wiki/Data_link_layer" title="Data link layer">data link layer</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">OSI model</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ghnwebinar_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghnwebinar-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The G.hn Data Link Layer (Recommendation G.9961) is divided into three sub-layers: <ul><li>The Application Protocol Convergence (APC) Layer, which accepts frames (usually in <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> format) from the upper layer (Application Entity) and encapsulates them into G.hn APC <a href="/wiki/Protocol_data_unit" title="Protocol data unit">protocol data units</a> (APDUs). The maximum payload of each APDU is 2<sup>14</sup> bytes.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Logical_link_control" title="Logical link control">logical link control</a> (LLC), which is responsible for <a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">encryption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Packet_aggregation" title="Packet aggregation">aggregation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Packet_segmentation" title="Packet segmentation">segmentation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automatic_repeat-request" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic repeat-request">automatic repeat-request</a>. This sub-layer is also responsible for "relaying" of APDUs between nodes that may not be able to communicate through a direct connection.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Medium_access_control" title="Medium access control">medium access control</a> (MAC), which schedules channel access.</li></ul></li> <li>The G.hn physical layer (Recommendation G.9960) is divided into three sub-layers: <ul><li>The Physical Coding Sub-layer (PCS), responsible for generating <a href="/wiki/PHY" class="mw-redirect" title="PHY">PHY</a> <a href="/wiki/Header_(computing)" title="Header (computing)">headers</a>.</li> <li>The Physical Medium Attachment (PMA), responsible for <a href="/wiki/Scrambler" title="Scrambler">scrambling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forward_error_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward error correction">forward error correction</a> coding/decoding.</li> <li>The Physical Medium Dependent (PMD), responsible for bit-loading and <a href="/wiki/OFDM" class="mw-redirect" title="OFDM">OFDM</a> <a href="/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation">modulation</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The interface between the Application Entity and the Data Link Layer is called A-interface. The interface between the Data Link Layer and the physical layer is called Medium Independent Interface (MII). The interface between the physical layer and the actual transmission medium is called Medium Dependent Interface (MDI). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support">Support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HomeGrid_Forum">HomeGrid Forum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: HomeGrid Forum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The HomeGrid Forum is a non-profit trade group promoting G.hn.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HomeGrid Forum members include:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Promoters </th> <th>Contributors </th> <th>Adopters </th></tr> <tr> <td>AT&T </td> <td>3 Rivers Communications </td> <td>Actiontec Electronics, Inc. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bayernwerk </td> <td>BC Institute of Technology </td> <td>ARRIS Solutions, Inc. </td></tr> <tr> <td>CenturyLink </td> <td>Bell Aliant </td> <td>Allion Labs, Inc. </td></tr> <tr> <td>China Telecom<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Bell Canada </td> <td>CIG Shanghai Co. LTD. </td></tr> <tr> <td>China Unicom<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>CAICT </td> <td>COMTREND Corporation </td></tr> <tr> <td>ISSI </td> <td>Connexion Technologies </td> <td>ENPROTECH </td></tr> <tr> <td>KT Corporation </td> <td>Consolidated Communications </td> <td>HOMA Technologies JSC </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chunghwa Telecom </td> <td>DBS Satellite Services </td> <td>Methode Electronics </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberty Global<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>devolo AG<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Nokia </td></tr> <tr> <td>MaxLinear </td> <td>EATELCORP, Inc. </td> <td>SendTek Corporation </td></tr> <tr> <td>Telus </td> <td>GVT </td> <td>Technicolor USA, Inc </td></tr> <tr> <td>Verizon </td> <td>Hawaiian Telcom </td> <td>Teleconnect GmbH </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>GVT </td> <td>TRIAX A/S </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Hawaiian Telcom </td> <td>UVAX Concepts, S.L. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Highland Communication Services </td> <td>Xingtera Inc. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Logic Communications </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Lucerne University (HSLU) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Moapa Valley Telephone </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>MTCC </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>New Hope Telephone Cooperative </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Northeast Louisiana Telephone Co., Inc. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Phonoscope </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Randolph Telephone Membership Corporation </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Rural Telephone Service Co. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Sandwich Isles Communicationes </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Smithville Telecom, LLC </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Tata Sky Ltd. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>TBayTel </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Telecom Italia S.P.A. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Triangle Communications </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>The University of British Columbia </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Universidad de Malaga </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>University of Johannesburg </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>University of Science Ruhr West </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>ZHAW – Zurich University of Applied Sciences </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vendors">Vendors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Vendors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vendors promoting G.hn include <a href="/wiki/MaxLinear" title="MaxLinear">MaxLinear</a>, ReadyLinks Inc, <a href="/wiki/Lantiq" title="Lantiq">Lantiq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devolo" title="Devolo">devolo AG</a>, microprocessor manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/System-on-a-chip" class="mw-redirect" title="System-on-a-chip">system-on-a-chip</a> vendor <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Designs" title="Sigma Designs">Sigma Designs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Xingtera, which announced a product in January 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first live public demonstration of G.hn interoperability was shown at CES, January 10–13, 2012 by Lantiq, <a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvell Technology Group">Marvell Technology Group</a>, Metanoia, and Sigma Designs.<sup id="cite_ref-homegridforum.org_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-homegridforum.org-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_providers">Service providers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Service providers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 26, 2009, as part of a <a href="/wiki/HomePNA" title="HomePNA">HomePNA</a> press release, <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> (which makes use of wireline home networking as part of its <a href="/wiki/U-Verse" class="mw-redirect" title="U-Verse">U-Verse</a> <a href="/wiki/IPTV" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">IPTV</a> service) expressed support for the work developed by ITU-T creating standards for home networking, including G.hn.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Service providers like AT&T promoted G.hn for:<sup id="cite_ref-attwebinar_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-attwebinar-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Connect to any room no matter what the wiring type may be.</li> <li>Enable customer self-install</li> <li>Built-in diagnostic information and remote management</li> <li>Multiple silicon and equipment suppliers</li></ul> <p>Other service providers that are contributors to the work ITU-T Study Group include <a href="/wiki/British_Telecom" class="mw-redirect" title="British Telecom">British Telecom</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Telefónica, and AT&T. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equipment_vendors">Equipment vendors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Equipment vendors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2008, during the first announcement of HomeGrid Forum, <a href="/wiki/Echostar" class="mw-redirect" title="Echostar">Echostar</a>, a manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">set-top boxes</a> for the service provider market, expressed its support for the unified standard:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consumer_electronics">Consumer electronics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Consumer electronics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2009, <a href="/wiki/Best_Buy" title="Best Buy">Best Buy</a> (which is the largest <a href="/wiki/Retailer" class="mw-redirect" title="Retailer">retailer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>) joined the board of directors of HomeGrid Forum and expressed its support for G.hn.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, one of the largest manufacturers of consumer electronics, is also a contributor member of HomeGrid Forum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysts">Analysts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Analysts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, several marketing firms promoted G.hn and made optimistic predictions.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-itupr_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itupr-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-coppergatepr_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coppergatepr-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_organizations">Other organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2009, HomeGrid Forum and <a href="/wiki/DLNA" title="DLNA">DLNA</a> signed a liaison agreement "setting the stage for collaboration between the two organizations and the approval of G.hn as a DLNA-recognized Physical Layer technology".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2010, Broadband Forum and HomeGrid Forum signed an agreement to deliver a compliance and interoperability testing program for products using G.hn technology. The Broadband Forum will support HomeGrid Forum's validation of G.hn products, their promotion of product conformance and interoperability, and help expedite the total time to market for HomeGrid Forum Certified products.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2011, both organizations jointly announced the first open G.hn plugfest.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_standards">Related standards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Related standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghnta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Ghnta.png/200px-Ghnta.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Ghnta.png/300px-Ghnta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Ghnta.png/400px-Ghnta.png 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption>Relationship between G.hnta and G.hn</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.9970" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.9970">ITU G.9970</a> (also known as G.hnta) is a Recommendation developed by ITU-T that describes the generic architecture for home networks and their interfaces to the operators' broadband access networks. </p><p><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.9972" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.9972">ITU G.9972</a> (also known as G.cx) is a Recommendation developed by ITU-T that specifies a coexistence mechanism for home networking transceivers capable of operating over power line wiring. The coexistence mechanism would allow G.hn devices which implement G.9972 to coexist with other devices implementing G.9972 and operating on the same power line wiring. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=ITU_G.9991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ITU G.9991 (page does not exist)">ITU G.9991</a> (also known as G.vlc) is a Recommendation developed by ITU-T that specifies the PHY and DLL for High speed indoor visible light communication transceivers, used in applications such as <a href="/wiki/Li-Fi" title="Li-Fi">Li-Fi</a>. G.vlc reuses the PHY and DLL of G.hn, enabling the same chips to be used for both applications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Residential_applications">Residential applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Residential applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major motivation for wired home networking technologies was <a href="/wiki/IPTV" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">IPTV</a>, especially when offered by a service provider as part of a <a href="/wiki/Triple_play_(telecommunications)" title="Triple play (telecommunications)">triple play service</a>, voice and data service offering such as <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>'s <a href="/wiki/U-Verse" class="mw-redirect" title="U-Verse">U-Verse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Smart_grid" title="Smart grid">Smart grid</a> applications like <a href="/wiki/Home_automation" title="Home automation">home automation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Demand_side_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Demand side management">demand side management</a> can also be targeted by G.hn-compliant devices that implement low-complexity profiles.<sup id="cite_ref-BERGU12_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BERGU12-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><b>IPTV</b>: In many customers' homes the <a href="/wiki/Residential_gateway" title="Residential gateway">residential gateway</a> that provides <a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">Internet access</a> is not located close to the IPTV <a href="/wiki/Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">set-top box</a>. This scenario becomes very common as service providers start to offer service packages with multiple set-top boxes per subscriber. G.hn can connect the residential gateway to one or more set-top boxes, by using the existing home wiring. Using G.hn, IPTV service providers do not need to install new <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> wires, or <a href="/wiki/802.11" class="mw-redirect" title="802.11">802.11</a> wireless networks. Because G.hn supports any kind of home wiring, end users might install the IPTV home network by themselves, thus reducing the cost to the service provider.<sup id="cite_ref-whyunified_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whyunified-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Home networks</b>: Although <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> technology is popular for consumer home networks, G.hn is also intended for use in this application. G.hn is an adequate solution for consumers in situations in which using wireless is not needed (for example, to connect a stationary device like a TV or a <a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">network-attached storage</a> device), or is not desired (due to <a href="/wiki/Wireless_security" title="Wireless security">security</a> concerns) or is not feasible (for example, due to limited range of wireless signals).</li> <li><b>Consumer electronics</b>: <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">Consumer electronics</a> (CE) products can support Internet connectivity using technologies such as Wi-Fi, <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>. Many products not traditionally associated with computer use (such as TVs or <a href="/wiki/Hi-fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hi-fi">hi-fi</a> equipment) provide options to connect to the Internet or to a computer using a <a href="/wiki/Home_network" title="Home network">home network</a> to provide access to digital content. G.hn is intended to provide high-speed connectivity to CE products capable of displaying <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition television</a>. Integrating the power connection and the data connection provides potential energy savings in CE devices. Given that CE devices (such as <a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">home theater</a> receivers) very often run on standby or "<a href="/wiki/Vampire_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Vampire power">vampire power</a>", they represent major savings to homeowners if their power connection is also their data connection - the device could reliably be turned off when it is not displaying any source.</li> <li><b>Smart grid</b>: Because G.hn can operate over wires including <a href="/wiki/AC_power" title="AC power">AC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a> power lines, it can provide the communication infrastructure required for <a href="/wiki/Smart_grid" title="Smart grid">smart grid</a> applications. A comprehensive smart grid system requires reaching into every AC outlet in a home or building so that all devices can participate in energy conserving strategies. In September 2009, the US <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> included G.hn as one of its standards for the smart grid "for which it believed there was strong stakeholder consensus", as part of an early draft of the "NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards".<sup id="cite_ref-nist_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nist-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2010 G.hn was removed from the final version of the "Standards Identified for Implementation".<sup id="cite_ref-newNist_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newNist-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industrial_applications">Industrial applications  </h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Industrial applications  "><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>G.hn technology facilitates the connection of devices across various network types using different wiring options, including coax, phone lines, power lines, and optical fiber. Initially designed for home networking, its applications expanded to encompass a broad spectrum of industrial scenarios.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><b>Smart elevators:</b> Contemporary elevators are equipped with numerous sensors and actuators that ideally communicate via IP. Leveraging G.hn for communication between these dispersed IP nodes can lead to significant reductions in wiring during installation.</li> <li><b>Intelligent lighting systems:</b> In the realm of smart cities, lighting systems are evolving into interactive platforms that interact with their surroundings. This might encompass nodes linked to street signage, light modulation, water monitoring, atmospheric sensors, pedestrian communication systems, vehicle charging stations, imaging units, and audio systems.</li> <li><b>Airport navigation lights:</b> Utilizing the right signal coupler allows the existing infrastructure to be repurposed with the G.hn PLC profile, simplifying the communication system setup.</li> <li><b>Charging stations:</b> Charging station networks, encompassing quick payment, user-friendly queries, operations, station oversight, and cloud-based control, can efficiently repurpose existing powerline infrastructure for data transfer.</li> <li><b>Industrial facilities:</b> G.hn components can be integrated to function alongside industrial control systems through the power bus. The employment of coaxial cables is seen as beneficial due to their durability in challenging conditions, reducing the need for protective conduits.</li> <li><b>Fiber solutions for harsh conditions:</b> G.hn access systems come with an industrial profile, allowing them to function in challenging conditions like flooding or extreme temperature fluctuations.</li></ol> <p>The ITU-T endorsed G.hn technology stands out as today's most adaptable and dependable network backhaul for multi-gigabit connectivity, spanning from residential and business applications to industrial and smart grid scenarios. G.hn is consistently advancing across various media, including coax, copper pairs, powerlines, and plastic optical fibers, as well as LiFi communication systems using visible light, ultraviolet, and infrared spectrums. This supports the industry's digital transformation. HomeGrid Forum members champion the worldwide adoption of G.hn, a unified networking technology with multiple sources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1901" title="IEEE 1901">IEEE 1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD-PLC" class="mw-redirect" title="HD-PLC">HD-PLC</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.hn&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-instatwebinar-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-instatwebinar_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homegridforum.org/resource_library/rl_requests?document_id=84790d56bb43fc725a31fa8e3b630b0660669ec4&document_title=In-Stat%27s+Perspective+on+Integrated%2C+Segregated+%26+Next-Generation+Wired+In-Home+Networks+-+NEW">HomeGrid Forum Webinar: In-Stat's Perspective on Integrated, Segregated & Next-Generation Wired In-Home Networks</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRosu2021" class="citation web cs1">Rosu, Livia (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iot-now.com/2021/08/05/111887-g-hn-is-opening-the-door-to-new-industrial-opportunities/">"G.hn is opening the door to new industrial opportunities"</a>. <i>IoT Now</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IoT+Now&rft.atitle=G.hn+is+opening+the+door+to+new+industrial+opportunities&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Rosu&rft.aufirst=Livia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iot-now.com%2F2021%2F08%2F05%2F111887-g-hn-is-opening-the-door-to-new-industrial-opportunities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ituapproval-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ituapproval_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2009/46.html">New ITU standard opens doors for unified 'smart home' network</a>, ITU Press Release</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dllapproval-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dllapproval_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/United-Nations-ITU-Ts-Ghn-Approved-as-Global-Standard-for-Wired-Home-Networking-1274797.htm">United Nations ITU-T's G.hn Approved as Global Standard for Wired Home Networking</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hgf-liaison-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hgf-liaison_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090310142938/http://www.homegridforum.org/news_events/pr/02_25_09/">"Technology Organizations Align to Support United Nations' ITU-T G.hn Standard: CEPCA, HomePNA, and UPA Unite with HomeGrid Forum to Promote Next-Generation Home Networking Technology"</a>. <i>Press release</i>. HomeGrid Forum. February 25, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homegridforum.org/news_events/pr/02_25_09/">the original</a> on March 10, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Press+release&rft.atitle=Technology+Organizations+Align+to+Support+United+Nations%27+ITU-T+G.hn+Standard%3A+CEPCA%2C+HomePNA%2C+and+UPA+Unite+with+HomeGrid+Forum+to+Promote+Next-Generation+Home+Networking+Technology&rft.date=2009-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homegridforum.org%2Fnews_events%2Fpr%2F02_25_09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOVIM14-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TOVIM14_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TOVIM14_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBen-Tovim,_Erez2014" class="citation book cs1">Ben-Tovim, Erez (February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/b16540-16">"ITU G.hn - Broadband Home Networking"</a>. In Berger, Lars T.; Schwager, Andreas; Pagani, Pascal; Schneider, Daniel M. (eds.). <i>MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing</i>. Devices, Circuits, and Systems. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1201%2Fb16540-16">10.1201/b16540-16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781466557529" title="Special:BookSources/9781466557529"><bdi>9781466557529</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ITU+G.hn+-+Broadband+Home+Networking&rft.btitle=MIMO+Power+Line+Communications%3A+Narrow+and+Broadband+Standards%2C+EMC%2C+and+Advanced+Processing&rft.series=Devices%2C+Circuits%2C+and+Systems&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2014-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1201%2Fb16540-16&rft.isbn=9781466557529&rft.au=Ben-Tovim%2C+Erez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crcnetbase.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1201%2Fb16540-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHomeGrid_Forum2021" class="citation web cs1">HomeGrid Forum (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://homegridforum.org/g-hn-in-the-premises/">"G.hn in Home Networking"</a>. <i>HomeGrid Forum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HomeGrid+Forum&rft.atitle=G.hn+in+Home+Networking&rft.date=2021&rft.au=HomeGrid+Forum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhomegridforum.org%2Fg-hn-in-the-premises%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFISE_MAG2022" class="citation web cs1">ISE MAG (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isemag.com/fttx-optical-networks/article/14266332/ghn-and-catv-coexistence">"G.hn and CATV Coexistence"</a>. <i>ISE MAG</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISE+MAG&rft.atitle=G.hn+and+CATV+Coexistence&rft.date=2022&rft.au=ISE+MAG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isemag.com%2Ffttx-optical-networks%2Farticle%2F14266332%2Fghn-and-catv-coexistence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coexwp-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coexwp_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homegridforum.typepad.com/homegrid_forum/2009/04/new-whitepaper-on-coexistance.html">HomeGrid Forum White-paper: G.hn Compatibility with Existing Home Networking Technologies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100509181856/http://homegridforum.typepad.com/homegrid_forum/2009/04/new-whitepaper-on-coexistance.html">Archived</a> May 9, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, HomeGrid Forum Blog</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ghnwebinar-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ghnwebinar_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ghnwebinar_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homegridforum.org/resource_library/rl_requests?document_id=f00f2ab4c8d967a2786750d72f90fade73130c2b&document_title=G.hn+Technology+Overview+-+NEW">HomeGrid Forum - G.hn Technology Overview</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, (registration required)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g9963_2015_amd1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-g9963_2015_amd1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.9963-201607-S!Amd1/en">G.9963 (2015) Amd 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090526063250/http://blog.ds2.es/ds2blog/2009/05/top-ten-things-about-ghn-standard.html">"Top Ten Things You Need to Know About the New G.hn Standard"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.ds2.es/ds2blog/2009/05/top-ten-things-about-ghn-standard.html">the original</a> on May 26, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Ten+Things+You+Need+to+Know+About+the+New+G.hn+Standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.ds2.es%2Fds2blog%2F2009%2F05%2Ftop-ten-things-about-ghn-standard.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091014013208/http://blog.ds2.es/ds2blog/2009/09/introduction-ghn-security.html">"An introduction to G.hn security"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.ds2.es/ds2blog/2009/09/introduction-ghn-security.html">the original</a> on October 14, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+G.hn+security&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.ds2.es%2Fds2blog%2F2009%2F09%2Fintroduction-ghn-security.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://q4sg15.itu.ch/ties/Mtgs09/2009-05-Geneva/09GS-U12R2.doc">Updated Issues List for G.hn - Geneva May 2009</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, (ITU membership required)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHomeGrid_Forum2023" class="citation web cs1">HomeGrid Forum (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://homegridforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/20230308_HGF-White-Paper-Ghn-Industrial-IoT-Use-Cases-_v8_FINAL.pdf">"White Paper G.hn Industrial IoT Use Cases"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>HomeGrid Forum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HomeGrid+Forum&rft.atitle=White+Paper+G.hn+Industrial+IoT+Use+Cases&rft.date=2023&rft.au=HomeGrid+Forum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhomegridforum.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F03%2F20230308_HGF-White-Paper-Ghn-Industrial-IoT-Use-Cases-_v8_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homegridforum.org/news_events/pr/12_15_08/">ITU-T G.hn Specification Achieves Key Milestone with Successful Consent at Geneva ITU-T Meeting</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207165055/http://www.homegridforum.org/news_events/pr/12_15_08/">Archived</a> February 7, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Significant Progress Towards Unified Standard for Home Networking Endorsed by HomeGrid Forum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://homegridforum.org/our-members/">"Our Members – HomeGrid Forum"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Members+%E2%80%93+HomeGrid+Forum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhomegridforum.org%2Four-members%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://homegridforum.org/2017/07/06/china-telecom-shanghai-research-institute-joins-the-homegrid-forum-to-support-g-hn-technology-deployment-in-asia/">"China Telecom Shanghai Research Institute joins the HomeGrid Forum to support G.hn technology deployment in Asia – HomeGrid Forum"</a>. July 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Telecom+Shanghai+Research+Institute+joins+the+HomeGrid+Forum+to+support+G.hn+technology+deployment+in+Asia+%E2%80%93+HomeGrid+Forum&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhomegridforum.org%2F2017%2F07%2F06%2Fchina-telecom-shanghai-research-institute-joins-the-homegrid-forum-to-support-g-hn-technology-deployment-in-asia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://homegridforum.org/2018/06/11/homegrid-forum-welcomes-china-unicom-research-institute-and-caict-as-new-members-supporting-g-hn-in-china-ahead-of-ces-asia-2018/">"HomeGrid Forum welcomes China Unicom Research Institute and CAICT as new members supporting G.hn in China ahead of CES ASIA 2018 – HomeGrid Forum"</a>. June 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HomeGrid+Forum+welcomes+China+Unicom+Research+Institute+and+CAICT+as+new+members+supporting+G.hn+in+China+ahead+of+CES+ASIA+2018+%E2%80%93+HomeGrid+Forum&rft.date=2018-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhomegridforum.org%2F2018%2F06%2F11%2Fhomegrid-forum-welcomes-china-unicom-research-institute-and-caict-as-new-members-supporting-g-hn-in-china-ahead-of-ces-asia-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://homegridforum.org/2018/10/02/liberty-global-joins-homegrid-forum-as-support-grows-for-g-hn-standard/">"Liberty Global joins HomeGrid Forum as support grows for G.hn standard – HomeGrid Forum"</a>. October 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liberty+Global+joins+HomeGrid+Forum+as+support+grows+for+G.hn+standard+%E2%80%93+HomeGrid+Forum&rft.date=2018-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhomegridforum.org%2F2018%2F10%2F02%2Fliberty-global-joins-homegrid-forum-as-support-grows-for-g-hn-standard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://homegridforum.org/2018/09/14/homegrid-forum-member-devolo-launches-g-hn-based-devolo-magic-maxlinear-and-devolo-showcasing-new-g-hn-products-with-mesh-wi-fi-at-ibc-2018/">"HomeGrid Forum member devolo launches G.hn-based devolo Magic: MaxLinear and devolo showcasing new G.hn products with Mesh Wi-Fi at IBC 2018 – HomeGrid Forum"</a>. September 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HomeGrid+Forum+member+devolo+launches+G.hn-based+devolo+Magic%3A+MaxLinear+and+devolo+showcasing+new+G.hn+products+with+Mesh+Wi-Fi+at+IBC+2018+%E2%80%93+HomeGrid+Forum&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhomegridforum.org%2F2018%2F09%2F14%2Fhomegrid-forum-member-devolo-launches-g-hn-based-devolo-magic-maxlinear-and-devolo-showcasing-new-g-hn-products-with-mesh-wi-fi-at-ibc-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102082311/http://blog.ds2.es/ds2blog/2009/06/intel-publishes-whitepaper-on-ghn-standard.html">"Intel publishes white-paper on G.hn standard"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.ds2.es/ds2blog/2009/06/intel-publishes-whitepaper-on-ghn-standard.html">the original</a> on January 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intel+publishes+white-paper+on+G.hn+standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.ds2.es%2Fds2blog%2F2009%2F06%2Fintel-publishes-whitepaper-on-ghn-standard.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homegridforum.org/news_events/pr/07_07_09/">SIGMA DESIGNS JOINS HOMEGRID FORUM BOARD OF DIRECTORS</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130108005172/en/Xingtera-G.hn-Device-Upgrades-Home-Networks-Radio">Xingtera G.hn Device Upgrades Home Networks with Radio Frequency (RF) Over Coax</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-homegridforum.org-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-homegridforum.org_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208080723/http://www.homegridforum.org/content/pages.php?pg=news_press_releases_item&rec_id=161">"HomeGrid - Press Releases and News"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homegridforum.org/content/pages.php?pg=news_press_releases_item&rec_id=161">the original</a> on February 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HomeGrid+-+Press+Releases+and+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homegridforum.org%2Fcontent%2Fpages.php%3Fpg%3Dnews_press_releases_item%26rec_id%3D161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/homepna-homegrid-sign-liaison-agreement/story.aspx?guid={C8E4BB07-375A-41E5-8B05-2E33222E44C2}&dist=msr_9">HomePNA and HomeGrid Sign Liaison Agreement</a>, Groups Work to Promote New ITU G.hn Global Wired Home Networking Standard</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-attwebinar-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-attwebinar_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homegridforum.org/resource_library/rl_requests?document_id=dd75664df15a78233cb5cccf7e0fe68057089afb&document_title=A+Service+Provider%27s+Perspective+on+G.hn+Webinar+-+New">HomeGrid Forum Webinar: A Service Provider's Perspective on G.hn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090817191458/http://www.homegridforum.org/resource_library/rl_requests?document_id=dd75664df15a78233cb5cccf7e0fe68057089afb&document_title=A+Service+Provider%27s+Perspective+on+G.hn+Webinar+-+New">Archived</a> August 17, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Tom Starr, AT&T</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homegridforum.org/news_events/pr/05_27_09/">BT Joins HomeGrid Forum Board of Directors</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207164417/http://www.homegridforum.org/news_events/pr/04_29_08/">"Industry Creates HomeGrid Forum to Develop Technology for Enjoying Multimedia Anywhere in the Home"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homegridforum.org/news_events/pr/04_29_08/">the original</a> on February 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Industry+Creates+HomeGrid+Forum+to+Develop+Technology+for+Enjoying+Multimedia+Anywhere+in+the+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homegridforum.org%2Fnews_events%2Fpr%2F04_29_08%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homegridforum.org/news_events/pr/03_09_09">HomeGrid Forum Adds New Members, Best Buy Joins Board Of Directors</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090719220335/http://www.homegridforum.org/news_events/pr/03_09_09">Archived</a> July 19, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Consumer Electronics Retailer to Help Drive G.hn Technology</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abiresearch.com/press/1150-New+G.hn+Home+Networking+Standard+Has+Significant+Potential">New G.hn Home Networking Standard Has Significant Potential</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204051837/https://www.abiresearch.com/press/1150-New+G.hn+Home+Networking+Standard+Has+Significant+Potential">Archived</a> December 4, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ABI Research</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-itupr-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-itupr_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221090736/http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/newslog/New+Global+Standard+For+Fully+Networked+Home.aspx">"New global standard for fully networked home"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/newslog/New+Global+Standard+For+Fully+Networked+Home.aspx">the original</a> on February 21, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+global+standard+for+fully+networked+home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itu.int%2FITU-T%2Fnewslog%2FNew%2BGlobal%2BStandard%2BFor%2BFully%2BNetworked%2BHome.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coppergatepr-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coppergatepr_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.copper-gate.com/news_events/press_releases/?release=46">CopperGate Communications Commits to G.hn</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homegridforum.org/news_events/pr/07_13_09/">HOMEGRID FORUM SIGNS LIAISON AGREEMENT WITH DIGITAL LIVING NETWORK ALLIANCE</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Broadband-Forum-HomeGrid-Forum-Reach-Definitive-Collaboration-Agreement-With-Aim-Enabling-1276073.htm">Broadband Forum and HomeGrid Forum Reach Definitive Collaboration Agreement With the Aim of Enabling Conformance and Interoperability of G.hn Products</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724160028/http://www.broadband-forum.org/news/download/pressreleeases/2011/HomeGridBBF.pdf">"HomeGrid Forum and Broadband Forum Announce First Open G.hn Chipset Interoperability Plugfest"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadband-forum.org/news/download/pressreleeases/2011/HomeGridBBF.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HomeGrid+Forum+and+Broadband+Forum+Announce+First+Open+G.hn+Chipset+Interoperability+Plugfest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadband-forum.org%2Fnews%2Fdownload%2Fpressreleeases%2F2011%2FHomeGridBBF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homegridforum.typepad.com/homegrid_forum/2009/03/multiple-home-networking-organizations-working-with-homegrid-forum-to-promote-ghn-technology.html">Multiple industries converging around the G.hn standard</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090621234402/http://homegridforum.typepad.com/homegrid_forum/2009/03/multiple-home-networking-organizations-working-with-homegrid-forum-to-promote-ghn-technology.html">Archived</a> June 21, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, HomeGrid Forum Blog</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BERGU12-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BERGU12_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerger,_Lars_T.Iniewski,_Krzysztof2012" class="citation book cs1">Berger, Lars T.; Iniewski, Krzysztof (April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118004396.html"><i>Smart Grid - Applicacions, Communications and Security</i></a>. John Wiley and Sons. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1180-0439-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1180-0439-5"><bdi>978-1-1180-0439-5</bdi></a>. 712376.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smart+Grid+-+Applicacions%2C+Communications+and+Security&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E16&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2012-04&rft.isbn=978-1-1180-0439-5&rft.au=Berger%2C+Lars+T.&rft.au=Iniewski%2C+Krzysztof&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feu.wiley.com%2FWileyCDA%2FWileyTitle%2FproductCd-1118004396.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whyunified-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whyunified_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homegridforum.typepad.com/homegrid_forum/2008/10/why-do-we-need-a-unified-standard-at-all-1.html">"Why do we need a unified standard at all?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090622050023/http://homegridforum.typepad.com/homegrid_forum/2008/10/why-do-we-need-a-unified-standard-at-all-1.html">Archived</a> June 22, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, HomeGrid Forum Blog</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nist-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nist_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120625045459/http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/smartgrid_092409.html">"Commerce Secretary Unveils Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/smartgrid_092409.html">the original</a> on June 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commerce+Secretary+Unveils+Plan+for+Smart+Grid+Interoperability&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fpublic_affairs%2Freleases%2Fsmartgrid_092409.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG.hn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newNist-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newNist_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hanfan2.blogspot.com/2010/01/nist-smart-grid-interoperability.html">NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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