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hydrology</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: hydrology"> <meta name="keywords" content="hydrology"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="hydrology"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 113</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: hydrology</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> A Dynamic Model for Circularity Assessment of Nutrient Recovery from Domestic Sewage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anurag%20Bhambhani">Anurag Bhambhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Peter%20Van%20Der%20Hoek"> Jan Peter Van Der Hoek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoran%20Kapelan"> Zoran Kapelan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The food system depends on the availability of Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N). Growing population, depleting Phosphorus reserves and energy-intensive industrial nitrogen fixation are threats to their future availability. Recovering P and N from domestic sewage water offers a solution. Recovered P and N can be applied to agricultural land, replacing virgin P and N. Thus, recovery from sewage water offers a solution befitting a circular economy. To ensure minimum waste and maximum resource efficiency a circularity assessment method is crucial to optimize nutrient flows and minimize losses. Material Circularity Indicator (MCI) is a useful method to quantify the circularity of materials. It was developed for materials that remain within the market and recently extended to include biotic materials that may be composted or used for energy recovery after end-of-use. However, MCI has not been used in the context of nutrient recovery. Besides, MCI is time-static, i.e., it cannot account for dynamic systems such as the terrestrial nutrient cycles. Nutrient application to agricultural land is a highly dynamic process wherein flows and stocks change with time. The rate of recycling of nutrients in nature can depend on numerous factors such as prevailing soil conditions, local hydrology, the presence of animals, etc. Therefore, a dynamic model of nutrient flows with indicators is needed for the circularity assessment. A simple substance flow model of P and N will be developed with the help of flow equations and transfer coefficients that incorporate the nutrient recovery step along with the agricultural application, the volatilization and leaching processes, plant uptake and subsequent animal and human uptake. The model is then used for calculating the proportions of linear and restorative flows (coming from reused/recycled sources). The model will simulate the adsorption process based on the quantity of adsorbent and nutrient concentration in the water. Thereafter, the application of the adsorbed nutrients to agricultural land will be simulated based on adsorbate release kinetics, local soil conditions, hydrology, vegetation, etc. Based on the model, the restorative nutrient flow (returning to the sewage plant following human consumption) will be calculated. The developed methodology will be applied to a case study of resource recovery from wastewater. In the aforementioned case study located in Italy, biochar or zeolite is to be used for recovery of P and N from domestic sewage through adsorption and thereafter, used as a slow-release fertilizer in agriculture. Using this model, information regarding the efficiency of nutrient recovery and application can be generated. This can help to optimize the recovery process and application of the nutrients. Consequently, this will help to optimize nutrient recovery and application and reduce the dependence of the food system on the virgin extraction of P and N. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title="circular economy">circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20substance%20flow" title=" dynamic substance flow"> dynamic substance flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20cycles" title=" nutrient cycles"> nutrient cycles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20recovery%20from%20water" title=" resource recovery from water"> resource recovery from water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140973/a-dynamic-model-for-circularity-assessment-of-nutrient-recovery-from-domestic-sewage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> Analytical Solutions of Time Space Fractional, Advection-Dispersion and Whitham-Broer-Kaup Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Danish%20Khan">Muhammad Danish Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Naeem"> Imran Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mudassar%20Imran"> Mudassar Imran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, we study time-space Fractional Advection-Dispersion (FADE) equation and time-space Fractional Whitham-Broer-Kaup (FWBK) equation that have a significant role in hydrology. We introduce suitable transformations to convert fractional order derivatives to integer order derivatives and as a result these equations transform into Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Then the Lie symmetries and corresponding optimal systems of the resulting PDEs are derived. The symmetry reductions and exact independent solutions based on optimal system are investigated which constitute the exact solutions of original fractional differential equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20Riemann-Liouville%20fractional%20derivative" title="modified Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative">modified Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lie-symmetries" title=" lie-symmetries"> lie-symmetries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20system" title=" optimal system"> optimal system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invariant%20solutions" title=" invariant solutions"> invariant solutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2191/analytical-solutions-of-time-space-fractional-advection-dispersion-and-whitham-broer-kaup-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Applications of Analytical Probabilistic Approach in Urban Stormwater Modeling in New Zealand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asaad%20Y.%20Shamseldin">Asaad Y. Shamseldin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analytical probabilistic approach is an innovative approach for urban stormwater modeling. It can provide information about the long-term performance of a stormwater management facility without being computationally very demanding. This paper explores the application of the analytical probabilistic approach in New Zealand. The paper presents the results of a case study aimed at development of an objective way of identifying what constitutes a rainfall storm event and the estimation of the corresponding statistical properties of storms using two selected automatic rainfall stations located in the Auckland region in New Zealand. The storm identification and the estimation of the storm statistical properties are regarded as the first step in the development of the analytical probabilistic models. The paper provides a recommendation about the definition of the storm inter-event time to be used in conjunction with the analytical probabilistic approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology" title="hydrology">hydrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20storm" title=" rainfall storm"> rainfall storm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storm%20inter-event%20time" title=" storm inter-event time"> storm inter-event time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=New%20Zealand" title=" New Zealand"> New Zealand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stormwater%20management" title=" stormwater management "> stormwater management </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29942/applications-of-analytical-probabilistic-approach-in-urban-stormwater-modeling-in-new-zealand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Regionalization of IDF Curves, by Interpolating Intensity and Adjustment Parameters - Application to Boyacá, Colombia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Mauricio%20Acosta">Pedro Mauricio Acosta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Andr%C3%A9s%20Caro"> Carlos Andrés Caro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research presents the regionalization of IDF curves for the department of Boyacá, Colombia, which comprises 16 towns, including the provincial capital, Tunja. For regionalization adjustment parameters (U and alpha) of the IDF curves stations referred to in the studied area were used. Similar regionalization is used by the interpolation of intensities. In the case of regionalization by parameters found by the construction of the curves intensity, duration and frequency estimation methods using ordinary moments and maximum likelihood. Regionalization and interpolation of data were performed with the assistance of Arcgis software. Within the development of the project the best choice to provide a level of reliability such as to determine which of the options and ways to regionalize is best sought. The resulting isolines maps were made in the case of regionalization intensities, each map is associated with a different return period and duration in order to build IDF curves in the studied area. In the case of the regionalization maps parameters associated with each parameter were performed last. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity%20duration" title="intensity duration">intensity duration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20curves" title=" frequency curves"> frequency curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regionalization" title=" regionalization"> regionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology" title=" hydrology"> hydrology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33615/regionalization-of-idf-curves-by-interpolating-intensity-and-adjustment-parameters-application-to-boyaca-colombia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Analyses of Reference Evapotranspiration in West of Iran under Climate Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Jahanbakhsh%20Asl">Saeed Jahanbakhsh Asl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaghob%20Dinpazhoh"> Yaghob Dinpazhoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoumeh%20Foroughi"> Masoumeh Foroughi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) is an important element in the water cycle that integrates atmospheric demands and surface conditions, and analysis of changes in ET₀ is of great significance for understanding climate change and its impacts on hydrology. As ET₀ is an integrated effect of climate variables, increases in air temperature should lead to increases in ET₀. ET₀ estimated by using the globally accepted Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman-Monteith (FAO-56 PM) method in 18 meteorological stations located in the West of Iran. The trends of ET₀ detected by using the Mann-Kendall (MK) test. The slopes of the trend lines were computed by using the Sen’s slope estimator. The results showed significant increasing as well as decreasing trends in the annual and monthly ET₀. However, ET₀ trends were increasing. In the monthly scale, the number of the increasing trends was more than the number of decreasing trends, in the majority of warm months of the year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann%E2%80%93Kendall" title=" Mann–Kendall"> Mann–Kendall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penman-Monteith%20method%20%28FAO-56%20PM%29" title=" Penman-Monteith method (FAO-56 PM)"> Penman-Monteith method (FAO-56 PM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20crop%20evapotranspiration" title=" reference crop evapotranspiration"> reference crop evapotranspiration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83009/analyses-of-reference-evapotranspiration-in-west-of-iran-under-climate-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Hydrology and Hydraulics Analysis of Aremenie Earthen Dam, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azazhu%20Wassie">Azazhu Wassie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study tried to analyze the impact of the hydrologic and hydraulic parameters (catchment area, rainfall intensity, and runoff coefficient) on the referenced study area. The study was conducted in June 2023. The Aremenie River Dam has 30 years of record, which is reasonably sufficient data. It is a matter of common experience that, due to the failure of an instrument or the absence of a gauged river, the rainfall record at quite a number of stations is incomplete. From the analysis, the 50-year return period design flood is 62.685 m³/s at 1.2 hr peak time. This implies that for this watershed, the peak flood rate per km² area of the watershed is about this value, which ensures that high rainfall in the area can generate a higher rate of runoff per km² of the generating catchment. The Aremenie Rivers carry a large amount of sediment along with water. These sediments are deposited in the reservoir upstream of the dam because of the reduction in velocity. Sediment reduces the available capacity of the reservoir with continuous sedimentation; the useful life of the reservoir goes on decreasing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dam%20design" title="dam design">dam design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20flood" title=" peak flood"> peak flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20capacity" title=" reservoir capacity"> reservoir capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff" title=" runoff"> runoff</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188045/hydrology-and-hydraulics-analysis-of-aremenie-earthen-dam-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Nonparametric Copula Approximations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serge%20Provost">Serge Provost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yishan%20Zang"> Yishan Zang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Copulas are currently utilized in finance, reliability theory, machine learning, signal processing, geodesy, hydrology and biostatistics, among several other fields of scientific investigation. It follows from Sklar's theorem that the joint distribution function of a multidimensional random vector can be expressed in terms of its associated copula and marginals. Since marginal distributions can easily be determined by making use of a variety of techniques, we address the problem of securing the distribution of the copula. This will be done by using several approaches. For example, we will obtain bivariate least-squares approximations of the empirical copulas, modify the kernel density estimation technique and propose a criterion for selecting appropriate bandwidths, differentiate linearized empirical copulas, secure Bernstein polynomial approximations of suitable degrees, and apply a corollary to Sklar's result. Illustrative examples involving actual observations will be presented. The proposed methodologies will as well be applied to a sample generated from a known copula distribution in order to validate their effectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copulas" title="copulas">copulas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernstein%20polynomial%20approximation" title=" Bernstein polynomial approximation"> Bernstein polynomial approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least-squares%20polynomial%20approximation" title=" least-squares polynomial approximation"> least-squares polynomial approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kernel%20density%20estimation" title=" kernel density estimation"> kernel density estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20approximation" title=" density approximation"> density approximation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170324/nonparametric-copula-approximations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Modeling Sediment Yield Using the SWAT Model: A Case Study of Upper Ankara River Basin, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umit%20Duru">Umit Duru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was tested for prediction of water balance and sediment yield in the Ankara gauged basin, Turkey. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and applicability of the SWAT in this region of Turkey. Thirteen years of monthly stream flow, and suspended sediment, data were used for calibration and validation. This research assessed model performance based on differences between observed and predicted suspended sediment yield during calibration (1987-1996) and validation (1982-1984) periods. Statistical comparisons of suspended sediment produced values for NSE (Nash Sutcliffe efficiency), RE (relative error), and R² (coefficient of determination), of 0.81, -1.55, and 0.93, respectively, during the calibration period, and NSE, RE (%), and R² of 0.77, -2.61, and 0.87, respectively, during the validation period. Based on the analyses, SWAT satisfactorily simulated observed hydrology and sediment yields and can be used as a tool in decision making for water resources planning and management in the basin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title="calibration">calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20yield" title=" sediment yield"> sediment yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWAT" title=" SWAT"> SWAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55249/modeling-sediment-yield-using-the-swat-model-a-case-study-of-upper-ankara-river-basin-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Assessment of Hargreaves Equation for Estimating Monthly Reference Evapotranspiration in the South of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Dehgan%20Moroozeh">Ali Dehgan Moroozeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Farhadi%20Bansouleh"> B. Farhadi Bansouleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evapotranspiration is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle. Evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important variable in water and energy balances on the earth’s surface, and knowledge of the distribution of ET is a key factor in hydrology, climatology, agronomy and ecology studies. Many researchers have a valid relationship, which is a function of climate factors, to estimate the potential evapotranspiration presented to the plant water stress or water loss, prevent. The FAO-Penman method (PM) had been recommended as a standard method. This method requires many data and these data are not available in every area of world. So, other methods should be evaluated for these conditions. When sufficient or reliable data to solve the PM equation are not available then Hargreaves equation can be used. The Hargreaves equation (HG) requires only daily mean, maximum and minimum air temperature extraterrestrial radiation .In this study, Hargreaves method (HG) were evaluated in 12 stations in the North West region of Iran. Results of HG and M.HG methods were compared with results of PM method. Statistical analysis of this comparison showed that calibration process has had significant effect on efficiency of Hargreaves method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evapotranspiration" title="evapotranspiration">evapotranspiration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hargreaves" title=" hargreaves"> hargreaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equation" title=" equation"> equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FAO-Penman%20method" title=" FAO-Penman method"> FAO-Penman method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34552/assessment-of-hargreaves-equation-for-estimating-monthly-reference-evapotranspiration-in-the-south-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Evaluation of Satellite and Radar Rainfall Product over Seyhan Plain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaz%C4%B1m%20Kaba">Kazım Kaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdem%20Erdi"> Erdem Erdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Akif%20Erdo%C4%9Fan"> M. Akif Erdoğan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mustafa%20Kand%C4%B1rmaz"> H. Mustafa Kandırmaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rainfall is crucial data source for very different discipline such as agriculture, hydrology and climate. Therefore rain rate should be known well both spatial and temporal for any area. Rainfall is measured by using rain-gauge at meteorological ground stations traditionally for many years. At the present time, rainfall products are acquired from radar and satellite images with a temporal and spatial continuity. In this study, we investigated the accuracy of these rainfall data according to rain-gauge data. For this purpose, we used Adana-Hatay radar hourly total precipitation product (RN1) and Meteosat convective rainfall rate (CRR) product over Seyhan plain. We calculated daily rainfall values from RN1 and CRR hourly precipitation products. We used the data of rainy days of four stations located within range of the radar from October 2013 to November 2015. In the study, we examined two rainfall data over Seyhan plain and the correlation between the rain-gauge data and two raster rainfall data was observed lowly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meteosat" title="meteosat">meteosat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radar" title=" radar"> radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rain-gauge" title=" rain-gauge"> rain-gauge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61709/evaluation-of-satellite-and-radar-rainfall-product-over-seyhan-plain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> A Comparative Analysis of Geometric and Exponential Laws in Modelling the Distribution of the Duration of Daily Precipitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounia%20El%20Hafyani">Mounia El Hafyani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20El%20Himdi"> Khalid El Himdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Precipitation is one of the key variables in water resource planning. The importance of modeling wet and dry durations is a crucial pointer in engineering hydrology. The objective of this study is to model and analyze the distribution of wet and dry durations. For this purpose, the daily rainfall data from 1967 to 2017 of the Moroccan city of Kenitra’s station are used. Three models are implemented for the distribution of wet and dry durations, namely the first-order Markov chain, the second-order Markov chain, and the truncated negative binomial law. The adherence of the data to the proposed models is evaluated using Chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. The Akaike information criterion is applied to assess the most effective model distribution. We go further and study the law of the number of wet and dry days among k consecutive days. The calculation of this law is done through an algorithm that we have implemented based on conditional laws. We complete our work by comparing the observed moments of the numbers of wet/dry days among k consecutive days to the calculated moment of the three estimated models. The study shows the effectiveness of our approach in modeling wet and dry durations of daily precipitation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markov%20chain" title="Markov chain">Markov chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=truncated%20negative%20binomial%20law" title=" truncated negative binomial law"> truncated negative binomial law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20and%20dry%20durations" title=" wet and dry durations"> wet and dry durations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134552/a-comparative-analysis-of-geometric-and-exponential-laws-in-modelling-the-distribution-of-the-duration-of-daily-precipitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Review of Hydrologic Applications of Conceptual Models for Precipitation-Runoff Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwatosin%20Olofintoye">Oluwatosin Olofintoye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josiah%20Adeyemo"> Josiah Adeyemo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gbemileke%20Shomade"> Gbemileke Shomade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between rainfall and runoff is an important issue in surface water hydrology therefore the understanding and development of accurate rainfall-runoff models and their applications in water resources planning, management and operation are of paramount importance in hydrological studies. This paper reviews some of the previous works on the rainfall-runoff process modeling. The hydrologic applications of conceptual models and artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the precipitation-runoff process modeling were studied. Gradient training methods such as error back-propagation (BP) and evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are discussed in relation to the training of artificial neural networks and it is shown that application of EAs to artificial neural networks training could be an alternative to other training methods. Therefore, further research interest to exploit the abundant expert knowledge in the area of artificial intelligence for the solution of hydrologic and water resources planning and management problems is needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title=" artificial neural networks"> artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20algorithms" title=" evolutionary algorithms"> evolutionary algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient%20training%20method" title=" gradient training method"> gradient training method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall-runoff%20model" title=" rainfall-runoff model"> rainfall-runoff model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40481/review-of-hydrologic-applications-of-conceptual-models-for-precipitation-runoff-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Ecosystem Post-Wildfires Effects of Thasos Island</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20D.%20Ranis">George D. Ranis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valasia%20Iakovoglou"> Valasia Iakovoglou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20N.%20Zaimes"> George N. Zaimes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fires are one of the main types of disturbances that shape ecosystems in the Mediterranean region. However nowadays, climate alterations towards higher temperature regimes results on the increased levels of the intensity, frequency and the spread of fires inducing obstacles for the natural regeneration. Thasos Island is one of the Greek islands that have experienced those problems. Since 1984, a series of wildfires led to the reduction of forest cover from 61.6% to almost 20%. The negative impacts were devastating in many different aspects for the island. The absence of plant cover, post-wildfire precipitation and steep slopes were the major factors that induced severe soil erosion and intense flooding events. That also resulted to serious economic problems to the local communities and the ability of the burnt areas to regenerate naturally. Despite the substantial amount of published work regarding Thasos wildfires, there is no information related to post-wildfire effects on the hydrology and soil erosion. More research related to post-fire effects should help to an overall assessment of the negative impacts of wildfires on land degradation through processes such as soil erosion and flooding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title="erosion">erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20degradation" title=" land degradation"> land degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mediterranean%20islands" title=" Mediterranean islands"> Mediterranean islands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration" title=" regeneration"> regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thasos" title=" Thasos"> Thasos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wildfires" title=" wildfires"> wildfires</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39531/ecosystem-post-wildfires-effects-of-thasos-island" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Developing High-Definition Flood Inundation Maps (HD-Fims) Using Raster Adjustment with Scenario Profiles (RASPTM)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Jacobsen">Robert Jacobsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flood inundation maps (FIMs) are an essential tool in communicating flood threat scenarios to the public as well as in floodplain governance. With an increasing demand for online raster FIMs, the FIM State-of-the-Practice (SOP) is rapidly advancing to meet the dual requirements for high-resolution and high-accuracy—or High-Definition. Importantly, today’s technology also enables the resolution of problems of local—neighborhood-scale—bias errors that often occur in FIMs, even with the use of SOP two-dimensional flood modeling. To facilitate the development of HD-FIMs, a new GIS method--Raster Adjustment with Scenario Profiles, RASPTM—is described for adjusting kernel raster FIMs to match refined scenario profiles. With RASPTM, flood professionals can prepare HD-FIMs for a wide range of scenarios with available kernel rasters, including kernel rasters prepared from vector FIMs. The paper provides detailed procedures for RASPTM, along with an example of applying RASPTM to prepare an HD-FIM for the August 2016 Flood in Louisiana using both an SOP kernel raster and a kernel raster derived from an older vector-based flood insurance rate map. The accuracy of the HD-FIMs achieved with the application of RASPTM to the two kernel rasters is evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology" title="hydrology">hydrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping" title=" mapping"> mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-definition" title=" high-definition"> high-definition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inundation" title=" inundation"> inundation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181568/developing-high-definition-flood-inundation-maps-hd-fims-using-raster-adjustment-with-scenario-profiles-rasptm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Impacts of Human Settlement Development on Highland View Wetland in Bizana, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fikile%20Xaki">Fikile Xaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zendy%20Magayiyana"> Zendy Magayiyana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing population and urbanization, with the demand for land and development, has had adverse impacts on wetland areas which has resulted in changing the hydrology and water chemistry of wetlands, affecting the water supply and water quality in urban areas like the Highland View, a residential area in Mbizana, South Africa. The settlement development in Highland View has led to wetland degradation due to land uses like agriculture and conversion of wetland for settlement development. Interviews with the local community were conducted to show how settlement development on wetland affects them. The results indicated that the environmental rights of people as according to Section 24 of the South African Constitution are compromised, and sustainable development was not put into consideration during development. With the results from the survey - through questionnaires for the Mbizana Local Municipality and the community, it was clear that the community needs education and capacity building on wetland management and conservation. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used to map physical properties of the Highland View wetland and houses built on the wetland. With all the information gathered from the research, it was clear that local municipality, together with hydrologists, needs to develop an environmental management framework to protect the wetlands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetlands" title=" wetlands"> wetlands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20settlement" title=" human settlement"> human settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59298/impacts-of-human-settlement-development-on-highland-view-wetland-in-bizana-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Regional Flood-Duration-Frequency Models for Norway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danielle%20M.%20Barna">Danielle M. Barna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolbj%C3%B8rn%20Engeland"> Kolbjørn Engeland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thordis%20Thorarinsdottir"> Thordis Thorarinsdottir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chong-Yu%20Xu"> Chong-Yu Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Design flood values give estimates of flood magnitude within a given return period and are essential to making adaptive decisions around land use planning, infrastructure design, and disaster mitigation. Often design flood values are needed at locations with insufficient data. Additionally, in hydrologic applications where flood retention is important (e.g., floodplain management and reservoir design), design flood values are required at different flood durations. A statistical approach to this problem is a development of a regression model for extremes where some of the parameters are dependent on flood duration in addition to being covariate-dependent. In hydrology, this is called a regional flood-duration-frequency (regional-QDF) model. Typically, the underlying statistical distribution is chosen to be the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. However, as the support of the GEV distribution depends on both its parameters and the range of the data, special care must be taken with the development of the regional model. In particular, we find that the GEV is problematic when developing a GAMLSS-type analysis due to the difficulty of proposing a link function that is independent of the unknown parameters and the observed data. We discuss these challenges in the context of developing a regional QDF model for Norway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20flood%20values" title="design flood values">design flood values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bayesian%20statistics" title=" bayesian statistics"> bayesian statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20modeling%20of%20extremes" title=" regression modeling of extremes"> regression modeling of extremes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20value%20analysis" title=" extreme value analysis"> extreme value analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GEV" title=" GEV"> GEV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163938/regional-flood-duration-frequency-models-for-norway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: A Comparison between Logistic Regression and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline Models in the Municipality of Oudka, Northern of Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Benchelha">S. Benchelha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20C.%20Aoudjehane"> H. C. Aoudjehane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hakdaoui"> M. Hakdaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20El%20Hamdouni"> R. El Hamdouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mansouri"> H. Mansouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Benchelha"> T. Benchelha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Layelmam"> M. Layelmam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Alaoui"> M. Alaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The logistic regression (LR) and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MarSpline) are applied and verified for analysis of landslide susceptibility map in Oudka, Morocco, using geographical information system. From spatial database containing data such as landslide mapping, topography, soil, hydrology and lithology, the eight factors related to landslides such as elevation, slope, aspect, distance to streams, distance to road, distance to faults, lithology map and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated or extracted. Using these factors, landslide susceptibility indexes were calculated by the two mentioned methods. Before the calculation, this database was divided into two parts, the first for the formation of the model and the second for the validation. The results of the landslide susceptibility analysis were verified using success and prediction rates to evaluate the quality of these probabilistic models. The result of this verification was that the MarSpline model is the best model with a success rate (AUC = 0.963) and a prediction rate (AUC = 0.951) higher than the LR model (success rate AUC = 0.918, rate prediction AUC = 0.901). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide%20susceptibility%20mapping" title="landslide susceptibility mapping">landslide susceptibility mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20logistic" title=" regression logistic"> regression logistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20adaptive%20regression%20spline" title=" multivariate adaptive regression spline"> multivariate adaptive regression spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oudka" title=" Oudka"> Oudka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taounate" title=" Taounate"> Taounate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107250/landslide-susceptibility-mapping-a-comparison-between-logistic-regression-and-multivariate-adaptive-regression-spline-models-in-the-municipality-of-oudka-northern-of-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Spatial Temporal Rainfall Trends in Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bright%20E.%20Owusu">Bright E. Owusu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nittaya%20McNeil"> Nittaya McNeil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rainfall is one of the most essential quantities in meteorology and hydrology. It has important impacts on people’s daily life and excess or inadequate of it could bring tremendous losses in economy and cause fatalities. Population increase around the globe tends to have a corresponding increase in settlement and industrialization. Some countries are affected by flood and drought occasionally due to climate change, which disrupt most of the daily activities. Knowledge of trends in spatial and temporal rainfall variability and their physical explanations would be beneficial in climate change assessment and to determine erosivity. This study describes the spatial-temporal variability of daily rainfall in Australia and their corresponding long-term trend during 1950-2013. The spatial patterns were investigated by using exploratory factor analysis and the long term trend in rainfall time series were determined by linear regression, Mann-Kendall rank statistics and the Sen’s slope test. The exploratory factor analysis explained most of the variations in the data and grouped Australia into eight distinct rainfall regions with different rainfall patterns. Significant increasing trends in annual rainfall were observed in the northern regions of Australia. However, the northeastern part was the wettest of all the eight rainfall regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explanatory%20factor%20analysis" title=" explanatory factor analysis"> explanatory factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann-Kendall%20and%20Sen%E2%80%99s%20slope%20test" title=" Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope test"> Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall." title=" rainfall. "> rainfall. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25086/spatial-temporal-rainfall-trends-in-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Governance of the Waters in the Upper Iguazu Watershed: Case Study in Passaúna and Miringuava Watersheds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matheus%20Fonseca%20Dur%C3%A3es">Matheus Fonseca Durães</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20da%20Silva%20Pereira"> Bruno da Silva Pereira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruna%20Stewart"> Bruna Stewart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of Brazil’s water governance has been the topic of discussion and has undergone legal and organizational improvements due to the need to promote a more effective and sustainable relationship with natural resources and stemming from conflicts related to shortcomings in decision-making. The Waters Act has enabled Brazil to create interesting mechanisms for integrated management, but, on the other hand, it has created a challenge that involves the implementation of the principles established in this legal framework. This study aims to evaluate some challenges and opportunities for water governance in two watersheds based on data collection and analysis of concessions, the water use register, and flow data. The elements presented demonstrated, via an analysis of legally instituted criteria, that the level of commitment of water resources is high, especially to public supply, and the adoption of the reference flow constituted one of the main barriers to implementing an efficient system, demonstrating the need for a regulatory policy that considers the hydrological behavior of the watersheds. Finally, the current water management model presents challenges to be addressed to achieve the objectives proposed by the water policy, such as ensuring sustainable, rational, and integrated use of water resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title="management">management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology" title=" hydrology"> hydrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20policies" title=" public policies"> public policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazil" title=" Brazil"> Brazil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144761/governance-of-the-waters-in-the-upper-iguazu-watershed-case-study-in-passauna-and-miringuava-watersheds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> A New Intelligent, Dynamic and Real Time Management System of Sewerage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Tlili%20Yaakoubi">R. Tlili Yaakoubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.Nakouri"> H.Nakouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Blanpain"> O. Blanpain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Lallahem"> S. Lallahem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current tools for real time management of sewer systems are based on two software tools: the software of weather forecast and the software of hydraulic simulation. The use of the first ones is an important cause of imprecision and uncertainty, the use of the second requires temporal important steps of decision because of their need in times of calculation. This way of proceeding fact that the obtained results are generally different from those waited. The major idea of this project is to change the basic paradigm by approaching the problem by the "automatic" face rather than by that "hydrology". The objective is to make possible the realization of a large number of simulations at very short times (a few seconds) allowing to take place weather forecasts by using directly the real time meditative pluviometric data. The aim is to reach a system where the decision-making is realized from reliable data and where the correction of the error is permanent. A first model of control laws was realized and tested with different return-period rainfalls. The gains obtained in rejecting volume vary from 19 to 100 %. The development of a new algorithm was then used to optimize calculation time and thus to overcome the subsequent combinatorial problem in our first approach. Finally, this new algorithm was tested with 16- year-rainfall series. The obtained gains are 40 % of total volume rejected to the natural environment and of 65 % in the number of discharges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title="automation">automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paradigm" title=" paradigm"> paradigm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RTC" title=" RTC"> RTC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33431/a-new-intelligent-dynamic-and-real-time-management-system-of-sewerage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Groundwater Monitoring Using a Community: Science Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shobha%20Kumari%20Yadav">Shobha Kumari Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yubaraj%20Satyal"> Yubaraj Satyal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajaya%20Dixit"> Ajaya Dixit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In addressing groundwater depletion, it is important to develop evidence base so to be used in assessing the state of its degradation. Groundwater data is limited compared to meteorological data, which impedes the groundwater use and management plan. Monitoring of groundwater levels provides information base to assess the condition of aquifers, their responses to water extraction, land-use change, and climatic variability. It is important to maintain a network of spatially distributed, long-term monitoring wells to support groundwater management plan. Monitoring involving local community is a cost effective approach that generates real time data to effectively manage groundwater use. This paper presents the relationship between rainfall and spring flow, which are the main source of freshwater for drinking, household consumptions and agriculture in hills of Nepal. The supply and withdrawal of water from springs depends upon local hydrology and the meteorological characteristics- such as rainfall, evapotranspiration and interflow. The study offers evidence of the use of scientific method and community based initiative for managing groundwater and springshed. The approach presents a method to replicate similar initiative in other parts of the country for maintaining integrity of springs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizen%20science" title="citizen science">citizen science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resource%20management" title=" water resource management"> water resource management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45352/groundwater-monitoring-using-a-community-science-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Conception of a Regulated, Dynamic and Intelligent Sewerage in Ostrevent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabaa%20Tlili%20Yaakoubi">Rabaa Tlili Yaakoubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hind%20Nakouri"> Hind Nakouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivier%20Blanpain"> Olivier Blanpain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current tools for real time management of sewer systems are based on two software tools: the software of weather forecast and the software of hydraulic simulation. The use of the first ones is an important cause of imprecision and uncertainty, the use of the second requires temporal important steps of decision because of their need in times of calculation. This way of proceeding fact that the obtained results are generally different from those waited. The major idea of the CARDIO project is to change the basic paradigm by approaching the problem by the "automatic" face rather than by that "hydrology". The objective is to make possible the realization of a large number of simulations at very short times (a few seconds) allowing to take place weather forecasts by using directly the real time meditative pluviometric data. The aim is to reach a system where the decision-making is realized from reliable data and where the correction of the error is permanent. A first model of control laws was realized and tested with different return-period rainfalls. The gains obtained in rejecting volume vary from 40 to 100%. The development of a new algorithm was then used to optimize calculation time and thus to overcome the subsequent combinatorial problem in our first approach. Finally, this new algorithm was tested with 16- year-rainfall series. The obtained gains are 60% of total volume rejected to the natural environment and of 80 % in the number of discharges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RTC" title="RTC">RTC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paradigm" title=" paradigm"> paradigm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title=" automation"> automation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27619/conception-of-a-regulated-dynamic-and-intelligent-sewerage-in-ostrevent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Extreme Value Modelling of Ghana Stock Exchange Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwabena%20Asare">Kwabena Asare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezekiel%20N.%20N.%20Nortey"> Ezekiel N. N. Nortey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20O.%20Mettle"> Felix O. Mettle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modelling of extreme events has always been of interest in fields such as hydrology and meteorology. However, after the recent global financial crises, appropriate models for modelling of such rare events leading to these crises have become quite essential in the finance and risk management fields. This paper models the extreme values of the Ghana Stock Exchange All-Shares indices (2000-2010) by applying the Extreme Value Theory to fit a model to the tails of the daily stock returns data. A conditional approach of the EVT was preferred and hence an ARMA-GARCH model was fitted to the data to correct for the effects of autocorrelation and conditional heteroscedastic terms present in the returns series, before EVT method was applied. The Peak Over Threshold (POT) approach of the EVT, which fits a Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) model to excesses above a certain selected threshold, was employed. Maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters were obtained and the model’s goodness of fit was assessed graphically using Q-Q, P-P and density plots. The findings indicate that the GPD provides an adequate fit to the data of excesses. The size of the extreme daily Ghanaian stock market movements were then computed using the Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) risk measures at some high quantiles, based on the fitted GPD model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20value%20theory" title="extreme value theory">extreme value theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expected%20shortfall" title=" expected shortfall"> expected shortfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20pareto%20distribution" title=" generalized pareto distribution"> generalized pareto distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20over%20threshold" title=" peak over threshold"> peak over threshold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20at%20risk" title=" value at risk"> value at risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35743/extreme-value-modelling-of-ghana-stock-exchange-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Hydrologic Impacts of Climate Change and Urbanization on Quetta Watershed, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Muhammad%20Akhtar">Malik Muhammad Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanzeel%20Khan"> Tanzeel Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Various natural and anthropogenic factors are affecting recharge processes in urban areas due to intense urban expansion; land-use/landcover change (LULC) and climate considerably influence the ecosystem functions. In Quetta, a terrible transformation of LULC has occurred due to an increase in human population and rapid urbanization over the past years; according to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the increase of population from 252,577 in 1972 to 2,275,699 in 2017 shows an abrupt rise which in turn has affected the aquifer recharge capability, vegetation, and precipitation at Quetta. This study focuses on the influence of population growth and LULC on groundwater table level by employing multi-temporal, multispectral satellite data during the selected years, i.e. 2014, 2017, and 2020. The results of land classification showed that barren land had shown a considerable decrease, whereas the urban area has increased over time from 152.4sq/km in 2014 to 195.5sq/km in 2017 to 283.3sq/km in 2020, whereas surface-water area coverage has increased since 2014 because of construction of few dams around the valley. Rapid urbanization stresses limited hydrology resources, and this needs to be addressed to conserve/sustain the resources through educating the local community, awareness regarding water use and climate change, and supporting artificial recharge of the aquifers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20changes" title="climate changes">climate changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title=" land use"> land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quetta" title=" Quetta"> Quetta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watershed" title=" watershed"> watershed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159456/hydrologic-impacts-of-climate-change-and-urbanization-on-quetta-watershed-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Statistical Analysis of Extreme Flow (Regions of Chlef)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouthiba%20Amina">Bouthiba Amina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The estimation of the statistics bound to the precipitation represents a vast domain, which puts numerous challenges to meteorologists and hydrologists. Sometimes, it is necessary, to approach in value the extreme events for sites where there is little, or no datum, as well as their periods of return. The search for a model of the frequency of the heights of daily rains dresses a big importance in operational hydrology: It establishes a basis for predicting the frequency and intensity of floods by estimating the amount of precipitation in past years. The most known and the most common approach is the statistical approach, It consists in looking for a law of probability that fits best the values observed by the random variable " daily maximal rain " after a comparison of various laws of probability and methods of estimation by means of tests of adequacy. Therefore, a frequent analysis of the annual series of daily maximal rains was realized on the data of 54 pluviometric stations of the pond of high and average. This choice was concerned with five laws usually applied to the study and the analysis of frequent maximal daily rains. The chosen period is from 1970 to 2013. It was of use to the forecast of quantiles. The used laws are the law generalized by extremes to three components, those of the extreme values to two components (Gumbel and log-normal) in two parameters, the law Pearson typifies III and Log-Pearson III in three parameters. In Algeria, Gumbel's law has been used for a long time to estimate the quantiles of maximum flows. However, and we will check and choose the most reliable law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return%20period" title="return period">return period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20flow" title=" extreme flow"> extreme flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistics%20laws" title=" statistics laws"> statistics laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gumbel" title=" Gumbel"> Gumbel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title=" estimation"> estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168612/statistical-analysis-of-extreme-flow-regions-of-chlef" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Social Economy Effects on Wetlands Change in China during Three Decades Rapid Growth Period</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Ge">Ying Ge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wetlands are one of the essential types of ecosystems in the world. They are of great value to human society thanks to their special ecosystem functions and services, such as protecting biodiversity, adjusting hydrology and climate, providing essential habitats and, products and tourism resources. However, wetlands worldwide are degrading severely due to climate change, accelerated urbanization, and rapid economic development. Both nature and human factors drive wetland change, and the influences are variable from wetland types. Thus, the objectives of this study were to (1) to compare the changes in China’s wetland area during the three decades rapid growth period (1978-2008); (2) to analyze the effects of social economy and environmental factors on wetlands change (area loss and change of wetland types) in China during the high-speed economic development. The socio-economic influencing factors include population, income, education, development of agriculture, industry, infrastructure, wastewater amount, etc. Several statistical methods (canonical correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and regression analysis) were employed to analyze the relationship between socio-economic indicators and wetland area change. This study will determine the relevant driving socio-economic factors on wetland changes, which is of great significance for wetland protection and management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic%20effects" title="socioeconomic effects">socioeconomic effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland%20change" title=" wetland change"> wetland change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland%20type" title=" wetland type"> wetland type</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150158/social-economy-effects-on-wetlands-change-in-china-during-three-decades-rapid-growth-period" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Application of Remote Sensing and GIS for Delineating Groundwater Potential Zones of Ariyalur, Southern Part of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Gnanachandrasamy">G. Gnanachandrasamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Zhou"> Y. Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Venkatramanan"> S. Venkatramanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Ramkumar"> T. Ramkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Wang"> S. Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The natural resources of groundwater are the most precious resources around the world that balances are shrinking day by day. In connection, there is an urgency need for demarcation of potential groundwater zone. For these rationale integration of geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques (RS) for the hydrological studies have become a dramatic change in the field of hydrological research. These techniques are provided to locate the potential zone of groundwater. This research has been made to indent groundwater potential zone in Ariyalur of the southern part of India with help of GIS and remote sensing techniques. To identify the groundwater potential zone used by different thematic layers of geology, geomorphology, drainage, drainage density, lineaments, lineaments density, soil and slope with inverse distance weighting (IDW) methods. From the overall result reveals that the potential zone of groundwater in the study area classified into five classes named as very good (12.18 %), good (22.74 %), moderate (32.28 %), poor (27.7 %) and very poor (5.08 %). This technique suggested that very good potential zone of groundwater occurred in patches of northern and central parts of Jayamkondam, Andimadam and Palur regions in Ariyalur district. The result exhibited that inverse distance weighting method offered in this research is an effective tool for interpreting groundwater potential zones for suitable development and management of groundwater resources in different hydrogeological environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20potential%20zone" title=" groundwater potential zone"> groundwater potential zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology" title=" hydrology"> hydrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79645/application-of-remote-sensing-and-gis-for-delineating-groundwater-potential-zones-of-ariyalur-southern-part-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Understanding Regional Circulations That Modulate Heavy Precipitations in the Kulfo Watershed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfay%20Mekonnen%20Weldegerima">Tesfay Mekonnen Weldegerima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of precipitation time series is a fundamental undertaking in meteorology and hydrology. The extreme precipitation scenario of the Kulfo River watershed is studied using wavelet analysis and atmospheric transport, a lagrangian trajectory model. Daily rainfall data for the 1991-2020 study periods are collected from the office of the Ethiopian Meteorology Institute. Meteorological fields on a three-dimensional grid at 0.5o x 0.5o spatial resolution and daily temporal resolution are also obtained from the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS). Wavelet analysis of the daily precipitation processed with the lag-1 coefficient reveals some high power recurred once every 38 to 60 days with greater than 95% confidence for red noise. The analysis also identified inter-annual periodicity in the periods 2002 - 2005 and 2017 - 2019. Back trajectory analysis for 3-day periods up to May 19/2011, indicates the Indian Ocean source; trajectories crossed the eastern African escarpment to arrive at the Kulfo watershed. Atmospheric flows associated with the Western Indian monsoon redirected by the low-level Somali winds and Arabian ridge are responsible for the moisture supply. The time-localization of the wavelet power spectrum yields valuable hydrological information, and the back trajectory approaches provide useful characterization of air mass source. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20precipitation%20events" title="extreme precipitation events">extreme precipitation events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20spectrum" title=" power spectrum"> power spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20trajectory" title=" back trajectory"> back trajectory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kulfo%20watershed" title=" kulfo watershed"> kulfo watershed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171595/understanding-regional-circulations-that-modulate-heavy-precipitations-in-the-kulfo-watershed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Variability of Hydrological Modeling of the Blue Nile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20Samy">Abeer Samy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oliver%20C.%20Saavedra%20Valeriano"> Oliver C. Saavedra Valeriano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelazim%20Negm"> Abdelazim Negm</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Blue Nile Basin is the most important tributary of the Nile River. Egypt and Sudan are almost dependent on water originated from the Blue Nile. This multi-dependency creates conflicts among the three countries Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia making the management of these conflicts as an international issue. Good assessment of the water resources of the Blue Nile is an important to help in managing such conflicts. Hydrological models are good tool for such assessment. This paper presents a critical review of the nature and variability of the climate and hydrology of the Blue Nile Basin as a first step of using hydrological modeling to assess the water resources of the Blue Nile. Many several attempts are done to develop basin-scale hydrological modeling on the Blue Nile. Lumped and semi distributed models used averages of meteorological inputs and watershed characteristics in hydrological simulation, to analyze runoff for flood control and water resource management. Distributed models include the temporal and spatial variability of catchment conditions and meteorological inputs to allow better representation of the hydrological process. The main challenge of all used models was to assess the water resources of the basin is the shortage of the data needed for models calibration and validation. It is recommended to use distributed model for their higher accuracy to cope with the great variability and complexity of the Blue Nile basin and to collect sufficient data to have more sophisticated and accurate hydrological modeling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blue%20Nile%20Basin" title="Blue Nile Basin">Blue Nile Basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrological%20modeling" title=" hydrological modeling"> hydrological modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watershed" title=" watershed"> watershed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25736/variability-of-hydrological-modeling-of-the-blue-nile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture and Its Impacts on the Mountainous Watershed Hydrology in Northwest China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chansheng%20He">Chansheng He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongfu%20Wang"> Zhongfu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Bai"> Xiao Bai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Tian"> Jie Tian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Jin"> Xin Jin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties directly affects hydrological processes at different scales. Understanding heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties such as soil moisture is therefore essential for modeling watershed ecohydrological processes, particularly in hard to access, topographically complex mountainous watersheds. This study maps spatial variations of soil moisture by in situ observation network that consists of sampling points, zones, and tributaries, and monitors corresponding hydrological variables of air and soil temperatures, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and runoff in the Upper Reach of the Heihe River Watershed, a second largest inland river (terminal lake) with a drainage area of over 128,000 km² in Northwest China. Subsequently, the study uses a hydrological model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to simulate the effects of heterogeneity of soil moisture on watershed hydrological processes. The spatial clustering method, Full-Order-CLK was employed to derive five soil heterogeneous zones (Configuration 97, 80, 65, 40, and 20) for soil input to SWAT. Results show the simulations by the SWAT model with the spatially clustered soil hydraulic information from the field sampling data had much better representation of the soil heterogeneity and more accurate performance than the model using the average soil property values for each soil type derived from the coarse soil datasets. Thus, incorporating detailed field sampling soil heterogeneity data greatly improves performance in hydrologic modeling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneity" title="heterogeneity">heterogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20moisture" title=" soil moisture"> soil moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWAT" title=" SWAT"> SWAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=up-scaling" title=" up-scaling"> up-scaling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49519/heterogeneity-of-soil-moisture-and-its-impacts-on-the-mountainous-watershed-hydrology-in-northwest-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology&page=3" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div 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