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</li> <li id="toc-Free-form" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free-form"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Free-form</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free-form-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Case-insensitive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Case-insensitive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Case-insensitive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Case-insensitive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Everything_is_an_Object" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Everything_is_an_Object"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Everything is an Object</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Everything_is_an_Object-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Message_paradigm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Message_paradigm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Message paradigm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Message_paradigm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parsing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parsing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Parsing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parsing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classes_and_Methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classes_and_Methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Classes and Methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classes_and_Methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-threading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-threading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Multi-threading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-threading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tracing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tracing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Tracing</span> </div> </a> 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bridges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bridges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bridges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bridges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-C/C++_APIs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C/C++_APIs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>C/C++ APIs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C/C++_APIs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Java" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Java"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Java</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Java-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_automation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_automation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Windows automation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_automation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">General-purpose programming language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Object REXX</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rexx3_orig_size_transparent.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Rexx3_orig_size_transparent.gif/121px-Rexx3_orig_size_transparent.gif" decoding="async" width="121" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Rexx3_orig_size_transparent.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="98" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multi-paradigm" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-paradigm">Multi-paradigm</a>: <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a> (<a href="/wiki/Class-based_programming" title="Class-based programming">class-based</a>), <a href="/wiki/Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">procedural</a> (<a href="/wiki/Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">imperative</a>), <a href="/wiki/Structured_programming" title="Structured programming">structured</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Designed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Simon C. Nash (IBM)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">1988<span class="noprint">; 36 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1988</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">5.0.0 / 10 May 2023<span class="noprint">; 18 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">10 May 2023</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#Beta" title="Software release life cycle">Preview release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">5.1.0 </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Implementation language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a>, <a href="/wiki/S390x" class="mw-redirect" title="S390x">s390x</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">OS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenIndiana" title="OpenIndiana">OpenIndiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">AIX</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Common_Public_License" title="Common Public License">CPL</a> 1.0, <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPLv2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">.rxs, .rex, .rexx, .cls</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rexxla.org/">www<wbr />.rexxla<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Major <a href="/wiki/Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">implementations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Object REXX (until 2004)<br /> ooRexx (since 2005)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced by</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Rexx" title="Rexx">Rexx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/NetRexx" title="NetRexx">NetRexx</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Object REXX</b> is a <a href="/wiki/High-level_programming_language" title="High-level programming language">high-level</a>, <a href="/wiki/General-purpose_programming_language" title="General-purpose programming language">general-purpose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a> (<a href="/wiki/Class-based_programming" title="Class-based programming">class-based</a>) <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a>. </p><p>It is a follow-on and a significant extension of the <a href="/wiki/Rexx" title="Rexx">Rexx</a> programming language (often called "Classic Rexx"). Object REXX retains all the features and <a href="/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)" title="Syntax (programming languages)">syntax</a> of "Classic Rexx" while adding full object-oriented programming (OOP) capabilities. Although Object REXX does not implement all aspects of the "Information Technology – Programming Language REXX" <a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">ANSI</a> X3.274-1996<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> standard, it offers many new features of its own. </p><p>Following its "Classic Rexx" influence, Object REXX is designed to be easy to learn, use, and maintain. Several object-oriented implementations of REXX are available, including Open Object Rexx ("ooRexx") and Rexx Object Oriented ("roo!").<sup id="cite_ref-fosdick_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fosdick-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 311">: 311 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1988, the "Oryx" project at <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, under the technical direction of Simon C. Nash, experimented with merging "Classic Rexx" with the <a href="/wiki/Object_model" title="Object model">object model</a> of <a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motivation behind the project was to transfer the advantages of OOP to "Classic Rexx" while remaining compatible and thus transferring the usability of "Classic Rexx" to OOP.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early on, the projects focused on OOP aspect such as treating everything as an object, object-based <a href="/wiki/Encapsulation_(computer_programming)" title="Encapsulation (computer programming)">encapsulation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Message_passing" title="Message passing">message passing</a>, object-based <a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science)" title="Concurrency (computer science)">concurrency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">classes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Inheritance (object-oriented programming)">inheritance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This initial work later led under the direction of Rick McGuire to the first prototype of Object REXX, which was presented in 1992. In 1994, IBM announced that Object REXX would replace "Classic Rexx" as the standard REXX interpreter in the next version of <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, Object REXX<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was released as part of the <a href="/wiki/OS/2_Warp_4" class="mw-redirect" title="OS/2 Warp 4">OS/2 Warp 4</a> operating system.<sup id="cite_ref-OS2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OS2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, versions for <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> followed.<sup id="cite_ref-Win95_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Win95-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999 an Object REXX version for <a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">AIX</a> V4.1.5 or higher was released.<sup id="cite_ref-AIX_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIX-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, versions for <a href="/wiki/Linux_on_IBM_Z" title="Linux on IBM Z">zLinux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Sun/Solaris</a> followed. For <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Me" title="Windows Me">Windows Me</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a>, the last major update for Object REXX was released in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-V2R1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V2R1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 October 2004, IBM announced the discontinuation of Object REXX and transferred the <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> and licensing rights<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the non-profit <a href="/wiki/Special_interest_group" title="Special interest group">Special Interest Group</a> (SIG), the Rexx Language Association (RexxLA). The code that IBM released to open source did not include the classes for <a href="/wiki/IBM_System_Object_Model" title="IBM System Object Model">IBM System Object Model</a> (SOM) and <a href="/wiki/Workplace_Shell" title="Workplace Shell">Workplace Shell</a> (WPS) support.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The OS/2 version of Object REXX includes classes to support SOM <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and WPS.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are also included OS/2's initial follow-on product, <a href="/wiki/EComStation" title="EComStation">eComStation</a>, and also in its current descendant, <a href="/wiki/ArcaOS" title="ArcaOS">ArcaOS</a>, for which IBM's original Object REXX interpreter continues to be available.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, the RexxLA released ooRexx as a new incarnation of Object REXX as <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Common_Public_License" title="Common Public License">Common Public License</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This first version of ooRexx 3.0.0 has been heavily <a href="/wiki/Code_refactoring" title="Code refactoring">refactored</a> compared to the original IBM source code in order to increase readability. Later, the ooRexx kernel was rewritten in pure <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, and a new <a href="/wiki/Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">architecture</a> and native <a href="/wiki/Interface_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Interface (object-oriented programming)">interface</a> were designed and implemented under the technical direction of Rick McGuire. This work enabled the RexxLA to release ooRexx 4.0.0 with support for <a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a> in 2009. To this day, the RexxLA continues to develop, support and maintain ooRexx as well as "Classic Rexx" and <a href="/wiki/NetRexx" title="NetRexx">NetRexx</a>. Furthermore, the RexxLA organizes annual symposia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Releases">Releases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Releases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table contains noteworthy features and changes of major Object REXX and ooRexx interpreter versions. All ooRexx releases and the necessary documentation are available on <a href="/wiki/SourceForge" title="SourceForge">Sourceforge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For <a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a> based distributions the current and the development version are available as <a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux#Arch_User_Repository_(AUR)" title="Arch Linux">Arch User Repository</a>. Since version 5.0.0 there are portable versions of the interpreter that can be used without installation, and an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecsoft2.org/oorexx-open-object-rexx">unofficial port to OS/2</a> also exists. For <a href="/wiki/IntelliJ_IDEA" title="IntelliJ IDEA">Intellij IDEA</a>, the <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/bsf4oorexx/files/Sandbox/aseik/ooRexxIDEA/GA/2.2.0/" class="extiw" title="sourceforge:projects/bsf4oorexx/files/Sandbox/aseik/ooRexxIDEA/GA/2.2.0/">ooRexxPlugin</a> adds support for <a href="/wiki/Syntax_highlighting" title="Syntax highlighting">syntax highlighting</a>, syntax checking, <a href="/wiki/Code_completion" title="Code completion">code completion</a> and documentation support modeled after <a href="/wiki/Javadoc" title="Javadoc">Javadoc</a> using <a href="/wiki/Annotation" title="Annotation">annotations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="templateVersion l" style="margin-left: -1em;"><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b>Legend:</b></span></div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid #FDB3AB; padding-left: 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;" title="Old version, no longer maintained">Old version</span></div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; display: none;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid #FEF8C6; padding-left: 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;" title="Old version, yet still maintained">Old version, still maintained</span></div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid #D4F4B4; padding-left: 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;" title="Latest stable version"><b>Latest version</b></span></div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid #FED1A0; padding-left: 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;" title="Latest preview of a future release">Latest preview version</span></div><div style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; display: none;"><span style="border-left: 1.2em solid #C1E6F5; padding-left: 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;" title="A future release">Future release</span></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Major Releases</th> <th>Release Date</th> <th>Notable Features and Changes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.0"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> Object REXX<br />1.0.0<br />(OS/2) <sup id="cite_ref-OS2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OS2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1996-09-25</td> <td> <ul><li>First official release as part of OS/2 Warp 4</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.0"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> Object REXX<br />1.0.0<br />(Windows)<sup id="cite_ref-Win95_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Win95-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1997-02-28 (IE)<br />1997-05-30 (DE)</td> <td> <ul><li>First releases for Windows as "Interpreter Edition" (IE) and "Development Edition" (DE)</li> <li>DE additionally provides a dialogue class library, a graphical dialogue editor and a built-in <a href="/wiki/Tokeniser" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokeniser">tokeniser</a></li> <li>Provides structured programming constructs such as <code>select</code>, <code>do</code> loops, <code>if-then-else</code> branching and subroutine calls</li> <li>Provides array handling, arithmetic and other build-in functions</li> <li>Support for OOP concepts such as classes, object, methods, encapsulation, messaging, polymorphism, inheritance and multiple inheritance (metaclasses and mix-in classes)</li> <li>Includes interfaces to <a href="/wiki/IBM_Db2" title="IBM Db2">DB2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">TCP/IP sockets</a> and C/C++ applications</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="1.1"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> Object REXX<br />1.1.0<br />(AIX)<sup id="cite_ref-AIX_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIX-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1999-04-09</td> <td> <ul><li>First release for AIX V4.1.5</li> <li>Addition of an interface to the <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">file transfer protocol</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="2.1"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> Object REXX<br />2.1.0<br />(Windows)<sup id="cite_ref-V2R1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V2R1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2001-04-21</td> <td> <ul><li>Support for Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows 2000, and Windows NT</li> <li>Support for <a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">Object Linking and Embedding</a>/<a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">Windows Script Host</a> (WSH) engine</li> <li>Support for <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> functions and addition of mathematical function package</li> <li>Support for subroutine, procedure and function calls</li> <li>Support for stems and compound variables</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="3.0"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> ooRexx<br />3.0.0<sup id="cite_ref-ooNews_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ooNews-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2005-03-30</td> <td> <ul><li>First release of ooRexx as the open-source successor to Object REXX</li> <li>Supports 28 keyword instructions, four directives, 29 classes with associated methods and 75 build-in functions</li> <li>ooDialog 3.0.0 for creating <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interfaces</a> on Windows systems</li> <li>Includes extension classes for mathematical calculation, dealing with TCP/IP sockets, <a href="/wiki/Regular_expression" title="Regular expression">regular expressions</a> and the <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">file transfer protocol</a></li> <li>Improved PDF documentation that supports links, meta information and document indexing</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="3.1"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> ooRexx<br />3.1.0<sup id="cite_ref-ooNews_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ooNews-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2006-08-21</td> <td> <ul><li>Various enhancements</li> <li>Separate documentation for ooDialog</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="3.1 A"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> ooRexx<br />3.1.1<sup id="cite_ref-ooNews_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ooNews-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2006-11-23</td> <td> <ul><li>Support for <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">AIX</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Solaris</a></li> <li>Additional functions for the RexxUtil library</li> <li>Additional methods for several classes</li> <li>Addition of <code>CircularQueue</code> class and associated methods</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="3.1"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> ooRexx<br />3.1.2<sup id="cite_ref-ooNews_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ooNews-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2007-09-17</td> <td> <ul><li>Added support for <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">MacOS</a></li> <li>Additional methods for the <code>MutableBuffer</code>, <code>String</code> and <code>Object</code> classes</li> <li>Provides interface to <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">Open Office</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="3.0"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> ooRexx<br />3.2.0 </td> <td>2008-01-22</td> <td> <ul><li>Several enhancements</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="4.0"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> ooRexx<br />4.0.0<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2009-09-30</td> <td> <ul><li>Support for <a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64bit</a> versions of <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">AIX</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></li> <li>Improved <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">application programming interface</a></li> <li>Restructuring of ooDialog and addition of 7 classes and 24 methods</li> <li>Addition of <code>Buffer</code>, <code>IdentityTable</code>, <code>Orderable</code>, <code>Package</code>, <code>Pointer</code>, <code>RexxContext</code>, <code>Routine</code>, <code>WeakReference</code> and <code>SocketClass</code> classes and associated methods</li> <li>Addition of 17 samples to illustrate ooRexx concepts</li> <li>Separate documentation for Windows extension library</li> <li>Four new methods for the <code>RexxQueue</code>, three for the <code>Object</code>, four for the <code>DateTime</code> and one each for the <code>Method</code>, <code>Stem</code> and <code>String</code> classes</li> <li>The <code>MutableBuffer</code> class now supports most of the <code>String</code> class methods</li> <li>Addition of seven methods to the <code>OLEObject</code> class, responsible for the Object Linking and Embedding/ActiveX interface</li> <li>Drop support for the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">Windows Script Host</a> (WSH) engine</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="4.1"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> ooRexx<br />4.1.0<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2011-09-28</td> <td> <ul><li>Addition of <code>File</code> class including four new methods and 29 instance methods</li> <li>Addition of extension library for <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> systems (49 functions)</li> <li>Separate documentation for Rexx extensions library and Unix extensions library</li> <li>Addition of extension classes for handling the <a href="/wiki/Comma-separated_values" title="Comma-separated values">comma-separated values</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">multipurpose internet mail extensions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">simple mail transfer protocol</a></li> <li>Addition of ooSQLite extension<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to create, modify, and query <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> based databases</li> <li>Enhancement of <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">TCP/IP</a> socket support</li> <li>Additional class and method for ooDialog</li> <li>Additional method for <code>DateTime</code> class</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black; background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="Old version, no longer maintained" data-sort-value="4.2"><span style="display: none;">Old version, no longer maintained:</span> ooRexx<br />4.2.0<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2014-02-23</td> <td> <ul><li>More than 43 enhancements</li> <li>Standalone installer for ooDialog 4.2.3 and several new classes and methods</li> <li>Separate documentation for ooSQLite external library</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemd" title="Systemd">Systemd</a> support for Linux system and compliance with <a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">Linux Standard Base</a></li> <li>Add trace information about method invocations</li> <li>Additional method each for the <code>String</code>, <code>Mutablebuffer</code>, <code>StackFrame</code>, <code>Queue</code> and <code>OrderedCollection</code> classes</li> <li>Additional methods for the <code>Relation</code> class, several sorting methods for <code>OrderedCollections</code> and methods for inserting and deleting elements for the <code>Array</code> class</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="templateVersion c" style="color:black; background-color: #D4F4B4;" title="Current stable version" data-sort-value="5.0"><span style="display: none;">Current stable version:</span> <b>ooRexx<br />5.0.0<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </b> </td> <td>2022-12-22</td> <td> <ul><li>A total of 86 new features and 76 enhancements</li> <li>Addition of several new keyword instructions and directives</li> <li>A total of 57 classes and associated methods</li></ul> <ul><li>Addition of <code>AlarmNotification</code>, <code>Json</code>, <code>MessageNotification</code>, <code>RexxInfo</code>, <code>StringTable</code>, <code>StringTable</code> and <code>Validate</code> classes and associated methods</li></ul> <ul><li>Additional methods for <code>Alarm</code>, <code>Class</code>, <code>Collection</code>, <code>Directory</code>, <code>Message</code>, <code>Method</code>, <code>MutableBuffer</code>, <code>Object</code>, <code>Package</code>, <code>Routine</code>, <code>String</code> and <code>RxFtp</code> classes</li> <li>Separate documentation for a) ooRexxUnit (<a href="/wiki/Unit_testing" title="Unit testing">unit testing</a> framework), b) using <a href="/wiki/Ncurses" title="Ncurses">ncurses</a> for writing <a href="/wiki/Text-based_user_interface" title="Text-based user interface">text-based user interfaces</a>, c) the C++ <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">application programming interfaces</a> and d) explaining the release and <a href="/wiki/Software_build" title="Software build">build environment</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="templateVersion cp" style="color:black; background-color: #FED1A0;" title="Latest preview version of a future release" data-sort-value="5.1"><span style="display: none;">Latest preview version of a future release:</span> ooRexx<br />5.1.0 </td> <td>2024-09-19</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_philosophy">Design philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Design philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ooRexx follows the design philosophy of "Classic Rexx" to create a "human-centered" programming language that is easy to learn, code, remember and maintain. This is achieved, in part, by keeping the language small and following the <a href="/wiki/Principle_of_least_astonishment" title="Principle of least astonishment">principle of least astonishment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fosdick_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fosdick-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A readable syntax is enabled by being case-insensitive, free-form, requiring as little punctuation as possible, and using instructions that are straightforward English.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, it is a <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language" title="Dynamic programming language">dynamic programming language</a> that offers flexibility and allows to focus on development rather than language constraints. </p><p>Following the "documentation before implementation" design principle of “Classic Rexx”, ooRexx offers comprehensive documentation in accordance with the IBM Style Guide that includes syntax diagrams and examples.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Instructions">Instructions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Instructions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> As in "Classic Rexx", there are assignment instructions, keyword instructions and command instructions, and in ooRexx there are also the directive instructions. In line with the desire to keep the language small, there are only thirty keyword instructions in ooRexx 5.0.0.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike many other languages, no keywords are reserved, so there is no need to memorize a long list of <a href="/wiki/Reserved_word" title="Reserved word">reserved words</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In cases where the string is neither an assignment nor a keyword instruction, it must be a valid expression and is considered a command instruction, which causes the interpreter to evaluate the expression and pass the value to the operating system for execution and set a variable <code>RC</code> for the return code. In addition, the <code>ADDRESS</code> instruction allows commands to be redirected to specific environments such as <a href="/wiki/Bourne_shell" title="Bourne shell">Bourne Shell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)" title="Bash (Unix shell)">Bash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z_shell" title="Z shell">Z-Shell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a>, some editors and others, as well as intercepting errors.</p><div style="background-color: #ffffff; !important" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rexx mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span>a<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"hello world"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* assignment instruction */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span><span class="kr">do</span><span class="w"> </span>i<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* keyword instruction "DO" */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">say</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"round #"</span><span class="w"> </span>i<span class="s">":"</span><span class="w"> </span>a<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* keyword instruction "SAY" */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span><span class="kr">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* keyword instruction "END" */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="5"></span><span class="s">"echo Hello World"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* command to operating system */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="6"></span><span class="kr">say</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"RC:"</span><span class="w"> </span>rc<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* return code */</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free-form">Free-form</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Free-form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ooRexx has a <a href="/wiki/Free-form_language" title="Free-form language">free-form syntax</a> where the positioning of the program code is irrelevant, which allows a high degree of flexibility. Before execution, the interpreter merges multiple unquoted blanks into one, while a character string enclosed in quotation marks (single or double) is not changed. Concatenation can be requested explicitly with two vertical bars (<code>||</code>), or implicitly by separating terms with spaces or by abutting terms. Optionally, clauses can be spread over several lines by using the comma (<code>,</code>) or the minus sign (<code>-</code>) as a continuation character, or several clauses can be used in a single line, separated by a semicolon (<code>;</code>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since a free-form language provides flexibility and requires fewer syntactic rules to be considered, it is assumed that it eases the learning effort by reducing the <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_load#Intrinsic" title="Cognitive load">intrinsic cognitive load</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="background-color: #ffffff; !important" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rexx mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span><span class="kr">say</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello World!"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* output: Hello World! */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span><span class="kr">say</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" This"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'is'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* minus sign for continuation */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"REXX"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"!"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* output: This is REXX! */</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Case-insensitive">Case-insensitive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Case-insensitive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> As "Classic Rexx", ooRexx is a <a href="/wiki/Case_sensitivity#In_programming_languages" title="Case sensitivity">case-insensitive programming language</a>. The interpreter capitalizes all characters outside quotation marks before executing them. Because the cases do not need to be differentiated, fewer additional details need to be learned and frustrating syntax errors are avoided.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="background-color: #ffffff; !important" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rexx mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span>a<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"This is REXX!"</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span><span class="kr">Say</span><span class="w"> </span>A<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* output: This is REXX! */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span><span class="kr">SAY</span><span class="w"> </span>a<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* output: This is REXX! */</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Everything_is_an_Object">Everything is an Object</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Everything is an Object"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While "Classic Rexx" follows the "Everything is a String" philosophy and has <a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">string</a> as its only data type, ooRexx considers everything as objects, including non-string objects such as arrays, streams and many more. Objects are manipulated using methods instead of traditional functions. </p><p> In ooRexx, a string variable is a reference to a string object and does not need to be declared, which reduces the effort for programmers compared to <a href="/wiki/Type_system" title="Type system">strictly typed languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A string object can be of any length and contain any characters, including numerical values. It is therefore possible to change numerical values with string manipulations and methods of the <code>String</code> class. In addition, a string variable can contain any type of expression, including executable instructions, which can be evaluated or executed with the <code>INTERPRET</code> keyword instruction.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="background-color: #ffffff; !important" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rexx mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span>a<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* string with numerical value of 2 */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span>a<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>a<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'0'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* string manipulation on numeric value */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span> <span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span>counter<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"do i = 1 to "</span>a<span class="s">"; say i; end"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* string containing executable instructions */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="5"></span><span class="kr">interpret</span><span class="w"> </span>counter<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* interpret string: count to 20 */</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Message_paradigm">Message paradigm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Message paradigm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar to the messaging paradigm implemented by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay</a> in Smalltalk, everything in ooRexx is an object that can be communicated with by sending messages naming a method. The notion of sending messages to objects as if they were living beings helps beginners to learn OOP concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to Smalltalk, there is an explicit message operator, the tilde (<code>~</code>), where the receiving object is placed to the left of it and the result of the operation is returned. Sending a message leads to the activation of a method with the corresponding name and to the manipulation of the receiving object. Like Smalltallk, ooRexx messages can be cascaded if two tildes (<code>~~</code>) are used instead of one, returning the object that received the method rather than the result produced.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The default behavior of most methods can be changed by specifying an option, which can be either spelled out or abbreviated and is not case-sensitive. This enables a literal understanding and reduces the learning effort for beginners.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example the strip method by default removes leading and trailing blanks. This behavior can be changed, for example, by specifying <code>"leading"</code> or <code>"l"</code> as an option. While functions are nested in "Classic Rexx", messages can be chained in ooRexx, which improves the readability of a <a href="/wiki/Statement_(computer_science)" title="Statement (computer science)">statement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div style="background-color: #ffffff; !important" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rexx mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span>a<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" I am ooRexx!"</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span><span class="kr">say</span><span class="w"> </span>a<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* output: I am ooRexx! */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span><span class="kr">say</span><span class="w"> </span>a<span class="err">~</span><span class="nb">Strip</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Leading"</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* output: I am ooRexx! */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span><span class="kr">say</span><span class="w"> </span>a<span class="err">~</span><span class="nb">strip</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"l"</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="err">~</span>reverse<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* output: !xxeRoo ma I */</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ooRexx is designed to retain <a href="/wiki/Rexx#Features" title="Rexx">all the features</a> of "Classic Rexx". It conforms<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the ANSI standard for the Rexx language (X3.274-1996, “Programming Language Rexx”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) to ensure cross-platform interoperability with other compliant implementations. Thus "Classic Rexx" programs typically run under ooRexx without any changes. This makes it easy to transport both program code and developer knowledge from "Classic Rexx" to ooRexx. To this, ooRexx adds all the features of OOP, such as <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Inheritance (object-oriented programming)">subclassing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(computer_science)" title="Polymorphism (computer science)">polymorphism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Encapsulation_(computer_programming)" title="Encapsulation (computer programming)">data encapsulation</a>. Further features include <a href="/wiki/Multiple_inheritance" title="Multiple inheritance">multiple inheritance</a> via <a href="/wiki/Mixin" title="Mixin">mixin</a> <a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">classes</a>. The interpreter includes the <code>rexxc</code> utility, which makes it possible to translate programs into <a href="/wiki/Base64" title="Base64">base64</a> encoding, a source-less file that starts faster since the initial parsing has already been done.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parsing">Parsing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Parsing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The <code>PARSE</code> keyword instruction makes it possible to quickly and flexibly parse a string and assign parts of it to variables in a single step.<sup id="cite_ref-fosdick_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fosdick-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent instruction is used to specify the source of the string, for example <code>ARG</code> for arguments that are listed when the program or function is called, <code>VAR</code> for variables, <code>PULL</code> for data queues or standard input (typically the keyboard), <code>VALUE</code> for any expression. When using <code>VALUE</code>, the <code>WITH</code> keyword is required to specify the end of an expression, followed by a parsing pattern. This pattern can be a list of variables, a position number or literal delimiters; it is possible to use these patterns in combination. Optionally, the upper and lower case of the string can be converted before parsing.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="background-color: #ffffff; !important" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rexx mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span>aString<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Person: Rick McGuire"</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span><span class="kr">parse</span><span class="w"> </span>value<span class="w"> </span>aString<span class="w"> </span>with<span class="w"> </span>type<span class="w"> </span><span class="s">":"</span><span class="w"> </span>first<span class="w"> </span>second<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* delimiter & variable list */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span><span class="kr">say</span><span class="w"> </span>first<span class="w"> </span>second<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* output: Rick McGuire */</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classes_and_Methods">Classes and Methods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Classes and Methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In addition to the three instruction types of "Classic Rexx", ooRexx adds directive instructions that allow the explicit definition of classes, attributes and methods. Directive instructions are not executable, but define the execution environment, with the first directive marking the end of the executable part of a program.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To make directive instructions readily recognizable, they are introduced with two consecutive colons (<code>::</code>). The <code>::CLASS</code> directive causes the interpreter to define a new class, and the <code>::METHOD</code> directive to define a new method. The <code>::ATTRIBUTE</code> directive is used to define an <a href="/wiki/Mutator_method" title="Mutator method">accessor method</a> that can retrieve or assign an object variable. With the <code>EXPOSE</code> instruction, the object variable is exposed to a method, while <code>PARSE</code> can be used to parse the <a href="/wiki/Parameter_(computer_programming)" title="Parameter (computer programming)">parameter</a> and assign it to a variable.</p><div style="background-color: #ffffff; !important" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rexx mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span>d<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">.</span>dog<span class="err">~</span>new<span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Bella"</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* create and assign a dog */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span>d<span class="err">~</span>bark<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* send bark message */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span><span class="kr">say</span><span class="w"> </span>d<span class="err">~</span>name<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* output: Bella */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span> <span class="linenos" data-line="5"></span><span class="err">::</span>class<span class="w"> </span>dog<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* class directive */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="6"></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">::</span>Attribute<span class="w"> </span>name<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* attribute directive */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="7"></span><span class="err">::</span>method<span class="w"> </span>init<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* object initiation method */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="8"></span><span class="w"> </span>Expose<span class="w"> </span>name<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* exposes name of dog */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="9"></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">Parse</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">arg</span><span class="w"> </span>name<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* assigns "Bella" to name */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="10"></span><span class="err">::</span>method<span class="w"> </span>bark<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* method directive */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="11"></span><span class="w"> </span>Expose<span class="w"> </span>name <span class="linenos" data-line="12"></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">say</span><span class="w"> </span>Name<span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"goes woof!"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* output: Bella goes woof! */</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multi-threading">Multi-threading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Multi-threading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conceptually, ooRexx provides object-based <a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science)" title="Concurrency (computer science)">concurrency</a>, according to which objects have independent resources to execute methods and can communicate with each other using the messaging paradigm. Several objects can be active at the same time and exchange messages for <a href="/wiki/Synchronization_(computer_science)" title="Synchronization (computer science)">synchronization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concurrency can be achieved either with the <code>REPLY</code> keyword instruction, which causes an early return from a method while its remainder continues to execute in a new thread, with the <code>GUARD</code> keyword instruction, which can set a method as unguarded so that it can execute together with other methods of the same class, or by using the <code>start</code> method of the Object class, which causes the receiver to process the message in a separate thread.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tracing">Tracing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tracing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As in “Classic Rexx”, the <code>TRACE</code> keyword instruction and the built-in <code>TRACE()</code> function facilitate debugging, allow for control of the level of detail and enable interactive debugging at runtime.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When interactive debugging, the interpreter pauses after most instructions that are traced.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While multi-threaded programs can be traced, ooRexx 5.1.0 introduces as an addition the <code>TraceObject</code> class, which provides additional information such as the interpreter instance, the number of the thread on which the message is dispatched, and the state of the guard locks, allowing to judge which method is currently blocked.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Build-in_functions_and_classes">Build-in functions and classes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Build-in functions and classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While ooRexx is an extension of "Classic Rexx" with objects, classes and methods, the traditional build-in functions are still available and thus ensure compatibility.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ooRexx release 5.0.0 provides 82 built-in functions, including character manipulation, conversion and information functions, many of which call methods of the <code>String</code> class.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the built-in <a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">dynamic link library</a> RexxUtil offers 29 cross-platform, 25 Windows-specific and four Unix-specific functions for manipulating system files, directories, classes and objects.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ooRexx 5.0.0 contains a total of 57 built-in classes, which are divided into the class groups Fundamental, Stream, Collection and Utility. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_libraries">External libraries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Using the <code>::REQUIRES</code> <a href="/wiki/Directive_(programming)" title="Directive (programming)">directive</a>, external function packages can be integrated on a per program basis. This directive is placed after the main code section and allows access either to public classes and routines of a Rexx program or, by specifying the <code>LIBRARY</code> option, to external libraries. Such libraries are usually organized around domain-specific functions.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The Rexx extension library provides a class for reading and writing <a href="/wiki/Comma-separated_values" title="Comma-separated values">comma-separated values</a> (CSV) files, for creating and processing <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JavaScript Object Notation</a> (JSON) data and a sub-command environment that partially emulates a <a href="/wiki/Time_Sharing_Option" title="Time Sharing Option">TSO</a>/<a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">CMS</a> environment.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RxSock library enables to incorporate <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">TCP/IP protocols</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the RxFtp library<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> specifically provides access to the <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">file transfer protocol</a>. The RxMath library offers advanced mathematical functions such as square root calculation, exponential function, logarithm, sine, cosine, tangent, arc sine and power calculation.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div style="background-color: #ffffff; !important" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rexx mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span><span class="kr">Say</span><span class="w"> </span>rxcalcsin<span class="o">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* output: 0.0174524064 */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span><span class="err">::</span>requires<span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'rxmath'</span><span class="w"> </span>LIBRARY </pre></div> <p>For Windows, ooRexx includes the OODialog framework allowing to produce <a href="/wiki/Dialog_box" title="Dialog box">Windows dialogs</a> and therefore <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interfaces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ooRexx interpreter is delivered with several example programs and function packages that demonstrate the use of this framework.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>-compatible operating systems, the nCurses class library enables the writing of <a href="/wiki/Text-based_user_interface" title="Text-based user interface">text-based user interfaces</a> using the <a href="/wiki/Ncurses" title="Ncurses">ncurses</a> programming library.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RxUnixSys library provides functions on most <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> systems for interacting with processes and threads, users and user groups, files and <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file systems</a> and other.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bridges">Bridges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bridges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While ooRexx compared to Object REXX no longer contains classes for SOM and WPS support, it offers <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interfaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interfaces">application programming interfaces</a> (APIs) for interacting with code written in <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> or <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also an external library that implements a bidirectional <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> bridge, which enables interaction between ooRexx and Java.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, classes are provided that enable the automation of Windows applications. The ooSQLite class provides an interface to <a href="/wiki/SQLite" title="SQLite">SQLite</a>, an in-process library that implements a self-contained, serverless, zero-configuration, transactional <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> database engine.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C/C++_APIs"><span id="C.2FC.2B.2B_APIs"></span>C/C++ APIs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: C/C++ APIs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As "Classic Rexx", ooRexx includes APIs for extending Rexx with applications written in C and vice versa. This enables the creation of <a href="/wiki/Callback_(computer_programming)" title="Callback (computer programming)">handlers</a> for subcommands used in Rexx programs that run as application <a href="/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">macros</a>, external functions that allow a direct extension of the ooRexx function set and system functions that allow the behavior of the interpreter to be customized.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With ooRexx 4.0.0 APIs have been introduced that allow C++ applications to extend ooRexx and vice versa. This includes handlers for methods and functions written in C++ that extend ooRexx, both packaged as external libraries. These are <a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">dynamic link libraries</a> on Windows or as <a href="/wiki/Shared_library" title="Shared library">shared libraries</a> on Unix-based systems. An external library can be loaded with the <code>::REQUIRES</code> directive or by using the <code>EXTERNAL</code> keyword instruction as part of a <code>::ROUTINE</code>, <code>::METHOD</code>, or <code>::ATTRIBUTE</code> directive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Java">Java</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Java"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Using the C++ APIs, BSF4ooRexx is a bidirectional Java bridge based on the <a href="/wiki/Bean_Scripting_Framework" title="Bean Scripting Framework">Bean Scripting Framework</a> that allows ooRexx to communicate with Java objects and enable Java to interact with Rexx applications.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge is realized by requiring the ooRexx package <code>BSF.CLS</code>, which defines public routines, classes and the environment symbol <code>.BSF4REXX</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples are provided for the use of Java classes in connection with <a href="/wiki/Abstract_Window_Toolkit" title="Abstract Window Toolkit">AWT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swing_(Java)" title="Swing (Java)">Swing</a>, <a href="/wiki/JavaFX" title="JavaFX">JavaFX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_Database_Connectivity" title="Java Database Connectivity">JDBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_2D" title="Java 2D">Java 2D</a> and some others.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div style="background-color: #ffffff; !important" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rexx mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span><span class="o">.</span>bsf<span class="err">~</span>new<span class="o">(</span><span class="s">'java.awt.Frame'</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'AWT frame from ooRexx.'</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="err">~</span>show<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* create Java object */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span><span class="kr">call</span><span class="w"> </span>SysSleep<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span> <span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span><span class="err">::</span>requires<span class="w"> </span>BSF<span class="o">.</span>CLS<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* get Java support */</span> </pre></div><p>Based on BSF4ooRexx, interaction with <a href="/wiki/Universal_Network_Objects" title="Universal Network Objects">Universal Network Objects</a> (UNO), as used in <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice</a> and <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a>, is supported via the <code>UNO.CLS</code> package.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the <code>CLR.CLS</code> package together with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/jni4net/jni4net">Jini4Net</a> enables the use of the <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET framework</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Communication with processes via the <a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a> <a href="/wiki/Middleware" title="Middleware">middleware</a> under Linux is possible using the <code>DBUS.CLS</code> package.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_automation">Windows automation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Windows automation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The Windows extension includes the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">Windows Script Host</a> (WSH) Scripting Engine that can be used to perform general automation tasks. It also includes <a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">Object Linking and Embedding</a>/<a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a> (OLE) support allowing to interact with Windows programs via the <code>OLEObject</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">inter-process communication</a> mechanism developed by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> that is based on a subset of the <a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">Component Object Model</a> (COM) and enables, among other things, the invocation of program functions, the querying and setting of attributes and the interception of component events. The ooRexx interpreter includes examples that demonstrate some features of WSH, interaction with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access">Access</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a> and other programs via OLE, and a utility to browse available OLE objects.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="background-color: #ffffff; !important" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-rexx mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span>excelApplication<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">.</span>OLEObject<span class="err">~</span>new<span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Excel.Application"</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* create object for Excel */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span>excelApplication<span class="err">~</span>visible<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">.</span>true<span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* make Excel visible */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span>Worksheet<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>excelApplication<span class="err">~</span>Workbooks<span class="err">~</span>Add<span class="err">~</span>Worksheets<span class="err">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="err">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* add worksheet */</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span>Worksheet<span class="err">~</span>cells<span class="o">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="err">~</span>Value<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">“</span>First<span class="w"> </span>Cell<span class="err">”</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* insert string into cell */</span> </pre></div><p>In addition to OLE support, the Windows extension enables interaction with the Windows program manager, the <a href="/wiki/Tracing_(software)" title="Tracing (software)">system event log</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Clipboard_(computing)" title="Clipboard (computing)">clipboard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">registry</a> as well as to query, edit and interact with windows, menus or sub-menus.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including interfaces to <a href="/wiki/IBM_System_Object_Model" title="IBM System Object Model">System Object Model (SOM)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workplace_Shell" title="Workplace Shell">Workplace Shell (WPS)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excluding the SOM and WPS packages</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Object REXX and Open Object Rexx do not include all of the new features of ANSI standard Rexx.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Octicons-terminal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/24px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/37px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/49px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming" title="Portal:Computer 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages" title="Comparison of programming languages">Comparison of programming languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_programming_languages" title="Timeline of programming languages">Timeline of programming languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexx" title="Rexx">REXX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetRexx" title="NetRexx">NetRexx</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rexxinfo.org/info/articles/ansi_1996_standard_j18pub.pdf">"X3.274-1996 American National Standards Institute for Programming Language Rexx"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=X3.274-1996+American+National+Standards+Institute+for+Programming+Language+Rexx&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frexxinfo.org%2Finfo%2Farticles%2Fansi_1996_standard_j18pub.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fosdick-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fosdick_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fosdick_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fosdick_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFosdick2005" class="citation book cs1">Fosdick, Howard (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cNiVqFmPs8AC"><i>Rexx Programmer's Reference</i></a>. Wiley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7645-7996-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7645-7996-7"><bdi>0-7645-7996-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rexx+Programmer%27s+Reference&rft.pub=Wiley+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7645-7996-7&rft.aulast=Fosdick&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcNiVqFmPs8AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smartbear.com/en/blog/7-reasons-that-rexx-still-matters/">"7 Reasons that Rexx Still Matters"</a>. <i>SmartBear.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SmartBear.com&rft.atitle=7+Reasons+that+Rexx+Still+Matters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmartbear.com%2Fen%2Fblog%2F7-reasons-that-rexx-still-matters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edm2.com/index.php/IBM_Object_REXX">"IBM Object REXX - EDM2"</a>. <i>www.edm2.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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RexxLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ooRexx+Documentation+4.2.4+ooDialog+Reference&rft.pub=RexxLA&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft.au=Flatscher%2C+Rony+G.&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Rick&rft.au=Peedin%2C+Lee&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Wolfers%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Foorexx%2Ffiles%2Foorexx-docs%2F5.0.0%2Foodialog.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshleyFlatscherHesslingMcGuire2022" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, W. David; Flatscher, Rony G.; Hessling, Mark; McGuire, Rick; Peedin, Lee; Sims, Oliver; Steinböck, Erich; Wolfers, Jon (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/oorexx/files/oorexx-docs/5.0.0/orxncurses.pdf"><i>ooRexx Documentation 5.0.0 nCurses Class Library Reference</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RexxLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ooRexx+Documentation+5.0.0+nCurses+Class+Library+Reference&rft.pub=RexxLA&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft.au=Flatscher%2C+Rony+G.&rft.au=Hessling%2C+Mark&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Rick&rft.au=Peedin%2C+Lee&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Steinb%C3%B6ck%2C+Erich&rft.au=Wolfers%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Foorexx%2Ffiles%2Foorexx-docs%2F5.0.0%2Forxncurses.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshleyFlatscherHesslingMcGuire2022" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, W. David; Flatscher, Rony G.; Hessling, Mark; McGuire, Rick; Peedin, Lee; Sims, Oliver; Steinböck, Erich; Wolfers, Jon (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/oorexx/files/oorexx-docs/5.0.0/unixextensions.pdf"><i>ooRexx Documentation 5.0.0 Unix Extensions Function Reference</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RexxLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ooRexx+Documentation+5.0.0+Unix+Extensions+Function+Reference&rft.pub=RexxLA&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft.au=Flatscher%2C+Rony+G.&rft.au=Hessling%2C+Mark&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Rick&rft.au=Peedin%2C+Lee&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Steinb%C3%B6ck%2C+Erich&rft.au=Wolfers%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Foorexx%2Ffiles%2Foorexx-docs%2F5.0.0%2Funixextensions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshleyFlatscherHesslingMcGuire2022" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, W. David; Flatscher, Rony G.; Hessling, Mark; McGuire, Rick; Peedin, Lee; Sims, Oliver; Wolfers, Jon (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/oorexx/files/oorexx-docs/5.0.0/rexxapi.pdf"><i>ooRexx Documentation 5.0.0 Application Programming Interfaces</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RexxLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ooRexx+Documentation+5.0.0+Application+Programming+Interfaces&rft.pub=RexxLA&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft.au=Flatscher%2C+Rony+G.&rft.au=Hessling%2C+Mark&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Rick&rft.au=Peedin%2C+Lee&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Wolfers%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Foorexx%2Ffiles%2Foorexx-docs%2F5.0.0%2Frexxapi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshleyFlatscherMcGuireMiesfeld2022" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, W. David; Flatscher, Rony G.; McGuire, Rick; Miesfeld, Mark; Peedin, Lee; Sims, Oliver; Wolfers, Jon (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/oorexx/files/oorexx-docs/5.0.0/oosqlite.pdf"><i>ooRexx Documentation 1.0.0 ooSQLite Reference</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RexxLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ooRexx+Documentation+1.0.0+ooSQLite+Reference&rft.pub=RexxLA&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft.au=Flatscher%2C+Rony+G.&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Rick&rft.au=Miesfeld%2C+Mark&rft.au=Peedin%2C+Lee&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Wolfers%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Foorexx%2Ffiles%2Foorexx-docs%2F5.0.0%2Foosqlite.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/bsf4oorexx/">"BSF4ooRexx"</a>. <i>sourceforge.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sourceforge.net&rft.atitle=BSF4ooRexx&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fbsf4oorexx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlatscher2009" class="citation news cs1">Flatscher, Rony G. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rexxla.org/presentations/2009/2009_orx20_BSF4Rexx_01.pdf">"The 2009 Edition of BSF4Rexx Part I"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>20th Rexx Language Symposium</i>. RexxLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=20th+Rexx+Language+Symposium&rft.atitle=The+2009+Edition+of+BSF4Rexx+Part+I&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Flatscher&rft.aufirst=Rony+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rexxla.org%2Fpresentations%2F2009%2F2009_orx20_BSF4Rexx_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaglechner2009" class="citation book cs1">Waglechner, Christoph (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wi.wu.ac.at/rgf/diplomarbeiten/BakkStuff/2009/20090621-Waglechner-Pitonyak-OOo/Waglechner_PitonyakNutshells.pdf"><i>OpenOffice.org Automation Using ooRexx Scripting Language by means of Selected Nutshell Examples by Andrew Pitonyak</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OpenOffice.org+Automation+Using+ooRexx+Scripting+Language+by+means+of+Selected+Nutshell+Examples+by+Andrew+Pitonyak&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Waglechner&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwi.wu.ac.at%2Frgf%2Fdiplomarbeiten%2FBakkStuff%2F2009%2F20090621-Waglechner-Pitonyak-OOo%2FWaglechner_PitonyakNutshells.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaginski2016" class="citation book cs1">Baginski, Adrian (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wi.wu.ac.at/rgf/diplomarbeiten/BakkStuooR2016/20160723_Baginski-Adrian-ooRexx-Net-Cookbook.pdf"><i>A .NET Cookbook Using ooRexx.NET</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+.NET+Cookbook+Using+ooRexx.NET&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Baginski&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwi.wu.ac.at%2Frgf%2Fdiplomarbeiten%2FBakkStuooR2016%2F20160723_Baginski-Adrian-ooRexx-Net-Cookbook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLagler2015" class="citation book cs1">Lagler, Richard (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wi.wu.ac.at/rgf/diplomarbeiten/Seminararbeiten/2015/20150220-Lagler-DBus.pdf"><i>D-Bus Language Binding for ooRexx: An Introduction on Nutshell Examples</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D-Bus+Language+Binding+for+ooRexx%3A+An+Introduction+on+Nutshell+Examples&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Lagler&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwi.wu.ac.at%2Frgf%2Fdiplomarbeiten%2FSeminararbeiten%2F2015%2F20150220-Lagler-DBus.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshleyFlatscherHesslingMcGuire2022" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, W. David; Flatscher, Rony G.; Hessling, Mark; McGuire, Rick; Peedin, Lee; Sims, Oliver; Sims, Oliver; Wolfers, Jon (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/oorexx/files/oorexx-docs/5.0.0/winextensions.pdf"><i>ooRexx Documentation 5.0.0 Windows Extensions Reference</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RexxLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ooRexx+Documentation+5.0.0+Windows+Extensions+Reference&rft.pub=RexxLA&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft.au=Flatscher%2C+Rony+G.&rft.au=Hessling%2C+Mark&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Rick&rft.au=Peedin%2C+Lee&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Wolfers%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Foorexx%2Ffiles%2Foorexx-docs%2F5.0.0%2Fwinextensions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshleyFlatscherHesslingMcGuire2022" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, W. David; Flatscher, Rony G.; Hessling, Mark; McGuire, Rick; Peedin, Lee; Sims, Oliver; Wolfers, Jon (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/oorexx/files/oorexx-docs/5.0.0/rexxref.pdf"><i>ooRexx Documentation 5.0.0 Open Object Rexx Reference</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RexxLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ooRexx+Documentation+5.0.0+Open+Object+Rexx+Reference&rft.pub=RexxLA&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft.au=Flatscher%2C+Rony+G.&rft.au=Hessling%2C+Mark&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Rick&rft.au=Peedin%2C+Lee&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Wolfers%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Foorexx%2Ffiles%2Foorexx-docs%2F5.0.0%2Frexxref.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshleyFlatscherHesslingMcGuire2022" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, W. David; Flatscher, Rony G.; Hessling, Mark; McGuire, Rick; Peedin, Lee; Sims, Oliver; Wolfers, Jon (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/oorexx/files/oorexx-docs/5.0.0/rexxpg.pdf"><i>ooRexx Documentation 5.0.0 Programmer Guide</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RexxLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ooRexx+Documentation+5.0.0+Programmer+Guide&rft.pub=RexxLA&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft.au=Flatscher%2C+Rony+G.&rft.au=Hessling%2C+Mark&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Rick&rft.au=Peedin%2C+Lee&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Wolfers%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Foorexx%2Ffiles%2Foorexx-docs%2F5.0.0%2Frexxpg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshleyFlatscherHesslingMcGuire2022" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, W. David; Flatscher, Rony G.; Hessling, Mark; McGuire, Rick; Peedin, Lee; Sims, Oliver; Sims, Oliver; Wolfers, Jon (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/oorexx/files/oorexx-docs/5.0.0/winextensions.pdf"><i>ooRexx Documentation 5.0.0 Windows Extensions Reference</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RexxLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ooRexx+Documentation+5.0.0+Windows+Extensions+Reference&rft.pub=RexxLA&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft.au=Flatscher%2C+Rony+G.&rft.au=Hessling%2C+Mark&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Rick&rft.au=Peedin%2C+Lee&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Wolfers%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Foorexx%2Ffiles%2Foorexx-docs%2F5.0.0%2Fwinextensions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshleyFlatscherHesslingMcGuire2022" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, W. David; Flatscher, Rony G.; Hessling, Mark; McGuire, Rick; Peedin, Lee; Sims, Oliver; Wolfers, Jon (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/oorexx/files/oorexx-docs/5.0.0/rexxapi.pdf"><i>ooRexx Documentation 5.0.0 Application Programming Interfaces</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RexxLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ooRexx+Documentation+5.0.0+Application+Programming+Interfaces&rft.pub=RexxLA&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft.au=Flatscher%2C+Rony+G.&rft.au=Hessling%2C+Mark&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Rick&rft.au=Peedin%2C+Lee&rft.au=Sims%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Wolfers%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Foorexx%2Ffiles%2Foorexx-docs%2F5.0.0%2Frexxapi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObject+REXX" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_REXX&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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