Artificial intelligence

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence","20230829234122","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1693352482"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["gov-bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.238.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,n={763:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{P_:()=>f,Mt:()=>p,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>m,OP:()=>j,lF:()=>T,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>g,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>E});var r=n(632),i=n(567);const o={beacon:r.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:r.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,r.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var d=n(56);const u=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:d.oD,inactiveMs:d.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},l={};function f(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");l[e]=(0,i.D)(t,u()),(0,r.Qy)(e,l[e],"config")}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var n=f(e);if(n){for(var r=t.split("."),i=0;i<r.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(n=n[r[i]]))return;n=n[r[r.length-1]]}return n}const h={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},v={};function m(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!v[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return v[e]}function b(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");v[e]=(0,i.D)(t,h),(0,r.Qy)(e,v[e],"loader_config")}const y=(0,r.mF)().o;var w=n(385),A=n(818);const x={buildEnv:A.Re,bytesSent:{},queryBytesSent:{},customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,distMethod:A.gF,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,offset:Math.floor(w._A?.performance?.timeOrigin||w._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart||Date.now()),onerror:void 0,origin:""+w._A.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},session:void 0,xhrWrappable:"function"==typeof w._A.XMLHttpRequest?.prototype?.addEventListener,version:A.q4,denyList:void 0},D={};function j(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!D[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return D[e]}function E(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");D[e]=(0,i.D)(t,x),(0,r.Qy)(e,D[e],"runtime")}function T(e){return function(e){try{const t=s(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},567:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{D:()=>i});var r=n(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,r.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,r.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const n=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(n).length?e:n;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?n[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):n[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return n}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},818:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>r});const r="1.238.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{IF:()=>c,Nk:()=>u,Tt:()=>a,_A:()=>o,il:()=>r,pL:()=>s,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const r="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=r?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=(o?.location,/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent)),s=a&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,c=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(r&&window.document.documentMode),u=!!navigator.sendBeacon},711:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{w:()=>o});var r=n(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,r.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=n)}))}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},0:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{L:()=>u,R:()=>c});var r=n(148),i=n(284),o=n(322),a=n(325);const s={};function c(e,t){const n={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,n)}function d(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function u(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const n=[...s[e]];function a(t){const n=e?r.ee.get(e):r.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(n.backlog&&a){var s=n.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var d=0;s&&d<s.length;++d)l(s[d],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,n){n[0].on(e,n[1])}))}))}delete a[t],n.backlog[t]=null,n.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}n.every((e=>{let[t,n]=e;return n.staged}))&&(n.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),n.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function l(e,t){var n=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[n],(function(t,n){var r=e[0];if(n[0]===r){var i=n[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},148:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{A:()=>c,ee:()=>d});var r=n(632),i=n(210),o=n(763);class a{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}var s=n(117);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.a),d=function e(t,n){var r={},s={},u={},f=!1;try{f=16===n.length&&(0,o.OP)(n).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var g={on:h,addEventListener:h,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var n=r[e];if(!n)return;for(var i=0;i<n.length;i++)n[i]===t&&n.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,n,r,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(d.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,n,r);for(var a=p(r),c=v(e),u=c.length,l=0;l<u;l++)c[l].apply(a,n);var f=b()[s[e]];f&&f.push([g,e,n,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:v,context:p,buffer:function(e,t){const n=b();if(t=t||"feature",g.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((e=>{let[r,i]=e;s[i]=t,t in n||(n[t]=[])}))},abort:l,aborted:!1,isBuffering:function(e){return!!b()[s[e]]},debugId:n,backlog:f?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return g;function p(e){return e&&e instanceof a?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,c,(()=>new a(c))):new a(c)}function h(e,t){r[e]=v(e).concat(t)}function v(e){return r[e]||[]}function m(t){return u[t]=u[t]||e(g,t)}function b(){return g.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),u=(0,r.fP)();function l(){d.aborted=!0,d.backlog={}}u.ee||(u.ee=d)},546:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{E:()=>r,p:()=>i});var r=n(148).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,n,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,n)):(r.buffer([e],i),r.emit(e,t,n))}},322:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{X:()=>o});var r=n(546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,n,o){a(o||r.E,i,e,t,n)}function a(e,t,n,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=r.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[n]=a[n]||[]).push([e,i])}},239:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var r=n(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};r._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),r._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(n,r))}function c(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(n,r))}},117:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{a:()=>r});const r=(0,n(402).Rl)()},402:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var r=n(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=r._A?.crypto||r._A?.msCrypto;let t,n=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++n).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=r._A?.crypto||r._A?.msCrypto;let n,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(n=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(n,++i).toString(16));return a.join("")}},56:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Bq:()=>r,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const r="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},894:(e,t,n)=>{function r(){return Math.round(performance.now())}n.d(t,{z:()=>r})},50:(e,t,n)=>{function r(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}n.d(t,{Z:()=>r})},587:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>d});var r=n(148),i=n(546),o=n(0),a=n(325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const n=r.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;void 0===d[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{r?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,n):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,n),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(r)],void 0,e,n)})):r&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,n),d[t]=Boolean(r))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===d[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,n))),d[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const d={}},210:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{X:()=>i});var r=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,n){if(r.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},284:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{D:()=>r});const r=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[n,r]=e;return t(n,r)}))},351:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{P:()=>o});var r=n(148);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,n)=>{if("object"==typeof n&&null!==n){if(e.has(n))return;e.add(n)}return n}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{r.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},960:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var r=n(239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,r.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,r.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},632:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{EZ:()=>d,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>u,mF:()=>s});var r=n(894),i=n(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,n){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,r.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[n]:t}},i}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function u(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},956:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{N:()=>i});var r=n(239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],n=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,r.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),n,i)}},81:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>r,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const r=n(325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},633:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>r});const r=n(325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},251:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{t:()=>r});const r=n(325).D.pageViewTiming},938:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{W:()=>o});var r=n(763),i=n(148);class o{constructor(e,t,n){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,r.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=n,this.blocked=!1}}},144:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{j:()=>v});var r=n(325),i=n(763),o=n(546),a=n(148),s=n(894),c=n(0),d=n(960),u=n(385),l=n(50),f=n(81),g=n(632);function p(){const e=(0,g.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n),i=0;i<n;i++)r[i]=arguments[i];return function(t){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),i=1;i<n;i++)r[i-1]=arguments[i];let o=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...r))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...r)}}))}var h=n(587);function v(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},v=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,m=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:A={loaderType:v},exposed:x=!0}=t;const D=(0,g.gG)();y||(b=D.init,y=D.info,w=D.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),y.jsAttributes??={},u.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y);const j=(0,i.P_)(e);A.denyList=[...j.ajax?.deny_list||[],...j.ajax?.block_internal?[y.beacon,y.errorBeacon]:[]],(0,i.sU)(e,A),p();const E=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const g={};var p=a.ee.get(e),h=p.get("tracer"),v="api-",m=v+"ixn-";function b(t,n,r,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===n?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:n}}),A(v,r,!0,o||null===n?"session":void 0)(t,n)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>g[e]=A(v,e,!0,"api"))),g.addPageAction=A(v,"addPageAction",!0,r.D.pageAction),g.setCurrentRouteName=A(v,"routeName",!0,r.D.spa),g.setPageViewName=function(t,n){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(n||"https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/http://custom.transaction")+t,A(v,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",n);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of <".concat(typeof t,"> was provided."))}else(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setApplicationVersion. Expected <String | null>, but got <".concat(typeof e,">."))},g.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var n={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(m+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,n],i,r.D.spa,p),function(){if(h.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],n),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw h.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,e],n),e}finally{h.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],n)}}}};function A(e,t,n,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(f.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],n?null:this,i,p),n?void 0:this}}function x(){n.e(75).then(n.bind(n,438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:n}=t;n(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,l.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=A(m,e,void 0,r.D.spa)})),g.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(f.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,r.D.jserrors,p)},u.il?(0,d.b)((()=>x()),!0):x(),g}(e,m);return(0,g.Qy)(e,E,"api"),(0,g.Qy)(e,x,"exposed"),(0,g.EZ)("activatedFeatures",h.T),E}},325:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{D:()=>r,p:()=>i});const r={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[r.pageViewEvent]:1,[r.pageViewTiming]:2,[r.metrics]:3,[r.jserrors]:4,[r.ajax]:5,[r.sessionTrace]:6,[r.pageAction]:7,[r.spa]:8,[r.sessionReplay]:9}}},r={};function i(e){var t=r[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=r[e]={exports:{}};return n[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=n,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var n in t)i.o(t,n)&&!i.o(e,n)&&Object.defineProperty(e,n,{enumerable:!0,get:t[n]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,n)=>(i.f[n](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum.3709cb75-1.238.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.238.0.PROD:",i.l=(n,r,o,a)=>{if(e[n])e[n].push(r);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var d=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),u=0;u<d.length;u++){var l=d[u];if(l.getAttribute("src")==n||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=n),e[n]=[r];var f=(t,r)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[n];if(delete e[n],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(r))),t)return t(r)},g=setTimeout(f.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=f.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=f.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={50:0,832:0};i.f.j=(t,n)=>{var r=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==r)if(r)n.push(r[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((n,i)=>r=e[t]=[n,i]));n.push(r[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(n=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(r=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),r)){var o=n&&("load"===n.type?"missing":n.type),a=n&&n.target&&n.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,r[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,n)=>{var r,o,[a,s,c]=n,d=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(r in s)i.o(s,r)&&(i.m[r]=s[r]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(n);d<a.length;d++)o=a[d],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},n=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.238.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.238.0.PROD"]||[];n.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),n.push=t.bind(null,n.push.bind(n))})(),(()=>{var e=i(50);class t{addPageAction(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addPageAction failed. The session trace feature is not currently initialized.")}setPageViewName(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setPageViewName failed. The page view feature is not currently initialized.")}setCustomAttribute(t,n,r){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setCustomAttribute failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}noticeError(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api noticeError failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}setUserId(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setUserId failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}setApplicationVersion(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setApplicationVersion failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}setErrorHandler(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setErrorHandler failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}finished(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api finished failed. The page action feature is not currently initialized.")}addRelease(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addRelease failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}}var n=i(325),r=i(763);const o=Object.values(n.D);function a(e){const t={};return o.forEach((n=>{t[n]=function(e,t){return!1!==(0,r.Mt)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(n,e)})),t}var s=i(144);var c=i(546),d=i(385),u=i(0),l=i(938),f=i(960);class g extends l.W{constructor(e,t,n){let r=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,n),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,r&&(0,u.R)(e,n)}importAggregator(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const n=d.il&&!0===(0,r.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let o;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{o=e}));const a=async()=>{let r;try{if(n){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(75).then(i.bind(i,228));r=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",t)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,r))return(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void o(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(75).then(i.bind(i,582)),{Aggregate:n}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new n(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,t),o(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),t),this.abortHandler?.(),o(!1)}};d.il?(0,f.b)((()=>a()),!0):a()}shouldImportAgg(e,t){return e!==n.D.sessionReplay||!!r.Yu.MO&&(!1!==(0,r.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!t?.isNew||!!t?.state.sessionReplay))}}var p=i(633),h=i(894);class v extends g{static featureName=p.t9;constructor(e,t){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(e,t,p.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||d.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const t=(0,r.OP)(e);t[p.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-t.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>t[p.qw]=Math.max((0,h.z)()-t[p.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const e=(0,h.z)();t[p.OJ]=Math.max(e-t[p.Dz],0),(0,c.p)("timing",["load",e],void 0,n.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var m=i(711),b=i(284);class y extends m.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,n,r,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,n){t[e]=w(n,t[e])})),t}(r,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,n,r,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=n.count,(0,b.D)(n,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var r=a[e],i=n[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,r):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=A(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=n}storeMetric(e,t,n,r){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,n);return i.stats=w(r,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,n,r){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:n||{}},r&&(i.custom=r)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},n="",r=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[n=e[i]]=x(this.aggregatedData[n]),t[n].length&&(r=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[n];return r?t:null}}function w(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=A(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function A(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function x(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,b.D)(e,D)}function D(e,t){return t}var j=i(632),E=i(402),T=i(351);var _=i(956),k=i(239),P=i(251);class C extends g{static featureName=P.t;constructor(e,t){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t,n),d.il&&((0,r.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,_.N)((()=>(0,c.p)("docHidden",[(0,h.z)()],void 0,P.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,k.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,c.p)("winPagehide",[(0,h.z)()],void 0,P.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var I=i(81);class N extends g{static featureName=I.t9;constructor(e,t){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,I.t9,n),this.importAggregator()}}new class extends t{constructor(t){let n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,E.ky)(16);super(),d._A?(this.agentIdentifier=n,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(v),Object.assign(this,(0,s.j)(this.agentIdentifier,t,t.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,e.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,r.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,r.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,r.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,r.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=a(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((e,t)=>n.p[e.featureName]-n.p[t.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===n.D.pageViewEvent){const i=function(e){switch(e){case n.D.ajax:return[n.D.jserrors];case n.D.sessionTrace:return[n.D.ajax,n.D.pageViewEvent];case n.D.sessionReplay:return[n.D.sessionTrace];case n.D.pageViewTiming:return[n.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);i.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,e.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,T.P)(i),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,j.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(n){(0,e.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",n);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,j.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}addToTrace(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addToTrace failed. The page action feature is not currently initialized.")}setCurrentRouteName(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setCurrentRouteName failed. The spa feature is not currently initialized.")}interaction(){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api interaction failed. The spa feature is not currently initialized.")}}({features:[v,C,N],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HEQ0YF2VYL"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {'cookie_flags': 'SameSite=None;Secure', 'cookie_domain': 'www.nist.gov'});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"Artificial intelligence","node_id":"1221676","content_type":"Topic Landing Page"});</script> <meta name="description" content="Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming our world."/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/node/1221676"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Artificial intelligence | NIST"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST"/> <meta property="og:type" content="Article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Artificial intelligence"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming our world."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2019/07/02/composite_hero.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="220"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="80"/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2017-06-02T14:28-04:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-05-26T12:37-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Artificial intelligence"/> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming our world."/> <meta name="dcterms.date" content="2017-06-02T14:28-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="text"/> <meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence"/> <meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST"/> <meta name="dcterms.created" content="2017-06-02T14:28-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2023-05-26T12:37-04:00"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming our world."/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Artificial intelligence"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2019/07/02/composite_hero.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="80"/> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="220"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA"/> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)"/> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width"/> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2023-05-26T12:37:00-04:00"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Article", "headline": "Artificial intelligence | NIST", "description": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming our world.", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "representativeOfPage": "True", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2019/07/02/composite_hero.jpg", "width": "220", "height": "80" }, "datePublished": "2017-06-02T14:28-04:00", "dateModified": "2023-05-26T12:37-04:00" } ] }</script> <meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="topic_landing_page"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <title>Artificial intelligence | NIST</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230829234122cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_N3BuymDHkYnCimuxmA-s5S2TwSz4JOlvhTtn7dcYjnU.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230829234122cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_J7RuJ-PwWY36lMjcmfbU1Uvs509-G5bIcbR2QTQU4K0.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/web/20230829234122cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_zbjDhj-AmeVwgu9y0DlPwEfp7l-a5BpoK3MpoGmRB6o.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230829234122cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_PV0KmreUx3hVeYI6yGypf71UDz9BSQl1Z5DjiESDh-Y.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230829234122cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_28JMloE3SN_ozJqzA2z1o39KeZz_WpYh9A8QES7CNE8.css"/> <script src="/web/20230829234122js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_VDwaIMNiRtzQn-NZvj1F9loIzJ-i4yEDiruzS8Z6Ejo.js"></script> </head> <body class="node-1221676"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>  <section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong> <br/> A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong> <br/> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false"> <title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg> </span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <div data-elastic-exclude>  <div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;"> <p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence</p> <img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner"> <div class="usa-navbar"> <div class="usa-logo flex-fill"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="80px"/> </a> </div> <div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto"> <div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/search" id="search_form" method="get"> <div role="search"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label> <input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128"> <button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1"> <button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> </div> </div> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-1"><span>Topics</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link usa-current">Artificial intelligence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/climate" class="usa-nav__link">Climate</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <a class="usa-nav__link" href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/publications">Publications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs & Major Programs</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/standards-and-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/shop" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Our Organization</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/director" class="usa-nav__link">Office of the Director</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget & Planning</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header>  </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"> <section class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div> <div class="nist-section-header nist-section-header--topic nist-section-header--hero"> <div class="nist-section-header__hero-img"> <div class="nist-block nist-block--no-margin"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2021/01/19/Composite_hero_banner_AI.jpg" width="1200" height="248" alt="AI Hero Image" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__top grid-container"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/information-technology">Information Technology</a> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__sub"> <div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-section-header__title"> <h1 class="nist-page__title">Artificial intelligence</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--topic-description padding-top-4 margin-top-1"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>Overview</h2> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-8 padding-right-5 margin-bottom-4"> <div class="text-with-summary"> <p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming our world. Remarkable surges in AI capabilities have led to a wide range of innovations including autonomous vehicles and connected Internet of Things devices in our homes. AI is even contributing to the development of a brain-controlled robotic arm that can help a paralyzed person feel again through complex direct human-brain interfaces. These new AI-enabled systems are revolutionizing and benefitting nearly all aspects of our society and economy – everything from commerce and healthcare to transportation and cybersecurity. But the development and use of the new technologies it brings are not without technical challenges and risks. </p> <p>NIST contributes to the research, standards and data required to realize the full promise of artificial intelligence (AI) as a tool that will enable American innovation, enhance economic security and improve our quality of life. Much of our work focuses on cultivating trust in the design, development, use and governance of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and systems. We are doing this by:</p> <ul><li>Conducting fundamental research to advance <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="4f0b9977-ef6b-4e68-a5a9-0f7fe38199cb" href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/trustworthy-and-responsible-ai" media_library="Media Library" title="Trustworthy and Responsible AI">trustworthy AI technologies</a> and understand and measure their capabilities and limitations.</li> <li>Applying AI research and innovation across NIST laboratory programs.</li> <li>Establishing benchmarks and developing data and metrics to evaluate AI technologies.</li> <li>Leading and participating in the development of technical AI standards.</li> <li>Contributing to discussions and development of AI policies, including supporting the <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b049288c-fea5-4e0f-bc11-401c75e136bf" href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/national-artificial-intelligence-advisory-committee-naiac" media_library="Media Library" title="National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee (NAIAC)">National AI Advisory Committee</a>.</li> <li>Hosting the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://airc.nist.gov/home" media_library="Media Library">NIST Trustworthy & Responsible AI Resource Center</a> providing access to a wide range of relevant AI resources.</li> </ul><p>NIST’s AI efforts fall in several categories:</p> <div class="usa-accordion usa-accordion--bordered margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2"> <h3 class="usa-accordion__heading"><button aria-controls="ai-1" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion__button">Fundamental AI Research</button></h3> <div class="usa-accordion__content" id="ai-1"> <p>NIST’s AI portfolio includes fundamental research into and development of AI technologies — including software, hardware, architectures and human interaction and teaming — vital for AI computational trust.</p> </div>  <h3 class="usa-accordion__heading"><button aria-controls="ai-2" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion__button">Applied AI Research</button></h3> <div class="usa-accordion__content" id="ai-2"> <p>AI approaches are increasingly an essential component in new research. NIST scientists and engineers use various machine learning and AI tools to gain a deeper understanding of and insight into their research. At the same time, NIST laboratory experiences with AI are leading to a better understanding of AI’s capabilities and limitations.</p> </div>  <h3 class="usa-accordion__heading"><button aria-controls="ai-3" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion__button">AI Measurement and Evaluation</button></h3> <div class="usa-accordion__content" id="ai-3"> <p>With a long history of devising and revising metrics, measurement tools, standards and test beds, NIST increasingly is focusing on the evaluation of technical characteristics of trustworthy AI.</p> </div>  <h3 class="usa-accordion__heading"><button aria-controls="ai-4" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion__button">Technical Standards</button></h3> <div class="usa-accordion__content" id="ai-4"> <p>NIST leads and participates in the development of technical standards, including international standards, that promote innovation and public trust in systems that use AI. A broad spectrum of standards for AI data, performance and governance are — and increasingly will be — a priority for the use and creation of trustworthy and responsible AI.</p> </div> </div> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="73401875-298d-4a84-a570-b6e7444ad899" href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/document/ai-fact-sheet" media_library="Media Library" title="AI Fact Sheet" class="media-link-ga " data-file-url="/system/files/documents/2023/03/30/AI%20Fact%20Sheet%200615%20FINAL.pdf">A fact sheet describes NIST's AI programs</a>.</p> <h3>Cultivating Trust in AI Technologies</h3> <p>AI and Machine Learning (ML) is changing the way in which society addresses economic and national security challenges and opportunities. It is being used in genomics, image and video processing, materials, natural language processing, robotics, wireless spectrum monitoring and more. These technologies must be trustworthy and developed for responsible AI practice and use. Trustworthy AI systems are demonstrated to be valid and reliable, safe, secure and resilient, accountable and transparent, explainable and interpretable, privacy-enhanced, and fair with harmful bias managed.</p> <p>Delivering the needed measurements, standards and other tools is a primary focus for NIST’s portfolio of AI efforts. It is an area in which NIST has special responsibilities and expertise. NIST relies heavily on stakeholder input, including via workshops, and issues most publications in draft for comment.</p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-4"> <div class="nist-block nist-block--no-margin"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Featured Content</h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden nist-field--link-list link font-sans-sm"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework">AI Risk Management Framework</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://airc.nist.gov/home">AI Resource Center</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/fundamental-ai">Fundamental AI Research</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/applied-ai">Applied AI Research</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/technical-ai-standards">AI Standards</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/ai-measurement-and-evaluation">AI Measurement and Evaluation</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/ai-policy-contributions">AI Policy Contributions</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/nist-ai-workshops-events">Workshops & Events</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/engage">Engage</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/related-links">Related Links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bg-base-lightest padding-y-5 margin-y-4"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--topic-list grid-container"> <div class="views-element-container nist-block margin-bottom-0"> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-eaf64c915458d100776e165d3261ab1bb9ef4da6be50a98fefc81f39326e564f"> <div class="nist-block margin-bottom-0"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>Artificial intelligence Topics</h2> </div> <ul class="add-list-reset link-list"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/ai-measurement-and-evaluation" hreflang="en">AI Measurement and Evaluation</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/applied-ai" hreflang="en">Applied AI</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/fundamental-ai" hreflang="en">Fundamental AI</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/hardware-ai" hreflang="en">Hardware for AI</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/machine-learning" hreflang="en">Machine learning</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/trustworthy-and-responsible-ai" hreflang="en">Trustworthy and Responsible AI</a></div></div></li> </div> </div> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--main"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="grid-container margin-y-5"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--topic-research paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>The Research</h2> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-8 padding-right-5 margin-y-2"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Projects & Programs</h2> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/deep-learning-mri-reconstruction-and-analysis" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/deep-learning-mri-reconstruction-and-analysis"><span>Deep Learning for MRI Reconstruction and Analysis</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> Healthcare is big part of the national economy. Medical Imaging has emerged over the past several decades as a critical diagnosis and therapeutic tool. However </div> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/emerging-hardware-artificial-intelligence" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/emerging-hardware-artificial-intelligence" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/01/29/circuit.png?itok=kM80tXpF" width="100" height="98" alt="circuit" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/emerging-hardware-artificial-intelligence"><span>Emerging Hardware for Artificial Intelligence</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> Designing artificial intelligence (AI) from the device up could unlock improvements in critical metrics such as energy delay product and enable unique networks </div> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/embodied-ai-and-data-generation-manufacturing-robotics" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/embodied-ai-and-data-generation-manufacturing-robotics"><span>Embodied AI and Data Generation for Manufacturing Robotics</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> Approaches categorized as “artificial intelligence” (AI) are enabling significant advances in robotics. These include symbolic logic, Bayesian statistics, and </div> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/deep-generative-modeling-communication-systems-testing-and-data-sharing" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/deep-generative-modeling-communication-systems-testing-and-data-sharing"><span>Deep Generative Modeling for Communication Systems Testing and Data Sharing</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> This project aims to develop deep generative models, an emerging topic in AI , for radio frequency (RF) waveforms collected from real-world communications </div> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/jarvis-ml" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/jarvis-ml" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/07/29/JARVIS-ML-7-2020.png?itok=x2WHG8z-" width="100" height="73" alt="JARVIS-ML overview " typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/jarvis-ml"><span>JARVIS-ML</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> JARVIS-ML is a repository of machine learning (ML) model parameters, descriptors, and ML related input and target data. JARVIS-ML is a part of the NIST-JARVIS </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs/topic/2753736">View All Projects/Programs</a></div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-4 margin-y-2"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Additional Resources Links</h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden nist-field--link-list link nist-field--link-list font-sans-sm"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/publications/search?k=&d%5Bmin%5D=&d%5Bmax%5D=&t=&a=&s=All&ta%5B0%5D=2753736&n=">Publications</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/topic/2753736">Software</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--topic-featured paragraph--view-mode--default nist-content-row--width-full bg-base-lightest margin-y-5"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--horizontal nist-card--horizontal-full nist-card--base-lightest"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://airc.nist.gov/Home"> <div class="entity-reference"> <figure class="nist-image"> <img src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2017/05/12/composite2.jpg.webp?itok=R8ybPU1S" width="800" height="400" alt="Composite image representing artificial intelligence. Image of graphic human head with images representing healthcare, cybersecurity, transportation, energy, robotics, and manufacturing." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> <figcaption class="nist-image__caption"> <div data-caption-editable="true" class="nist-image__caption-content"> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title"> <h3> NIST Launches Trustworthy and Responsible AI Resource Center (AIRC) </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <div class="text-long"><p>One-stop shop offers industry, government and academic stakeholders knowledge of AI standards, measurement methods and metrics, data sets, and other resources.</p></div> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://airc.nist.gov/Home" class="usa-button ">Learn More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>News</h2> </div> <div class="margin-bottom-5"> <div class="entity-reference"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--horizontal nist-card--horizontal-full"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/01/nist-risk-management-framework-aims-improve-trustworthiness-artificial"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/01/25/RMF-redesign-rounded-other_graphics-04.png.webp?itok=B9ptx9PJ" width="600" height="360" alt="Circular design includes elements of the AI Risk Management Framework: Govern, Measure, Manage, Map." typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title"> <h3><span property="schema:name">NIST Risk Management Framework Aims to Improve Trustworthiness of Artificial Intelligence</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> New guidance seeks to cultivate trust in AI technologies and promote AI innovation while mitigating risk. </div> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/01/nist-risk-management-framework-aims-improve-trustworthiness-artificial" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-news-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-9da797199c8ac2a0d42d77a6708ce84f1bafe524d29cfe66059bd9da22e6c266"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/08/nist-delivers-report-american-competitiveness-critical-high-tech-industries"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2023/08/15/shutterstock_1493123198.jpg.webp?itok=IG7NmJYn" width="800" height="400" alt="Illustration of abstract highway path zooming through digital binary towers of a city." typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">NIST Delivers Report on American Competitiveness in Critical High-Tech Industries</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/08/nist-delivers-report-american-competitiveness-critical-high-tech-industries" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/07/ai-can-accurately-predict-potentially-fatal-cardiac-events-firefighters"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2023/07/07/Mary%20Carey%27s%20Research%20-%20For%20Print75-min.jpg.webp?itok=LzgXa54h" width="800" height="400" alt="Two nurses sit next to a bed where a shirtless man lies on his back. One nurse uses a marker to make an X on the man's chest. " typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">AI Can Accurately Predict Potentially Fatal Cardiac Events in Firefighters</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/07/ai-can-accurately-predict-potentially-fatal-cardiac-events-firefighters" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/06/biden-harris-administration-announces-new-nist-public-working-group-ai"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2017/05/12/composite2.jpg.webp?itok=R8ybPU1S" width="800" height="400" alt="Composite image representing artificial intelligence. Image of graphic human head with images representing healthcare, cybersecurity, transportation, energy, robotics, and manufacturing." typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">Biden-Harris Administration Announces New NIST Public Working Group on AI</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/06/biden-harris-administration-announces-new-nist-public-working-group-ai" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news-updates/topic/2753736">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-legible paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <div> <figure class="align-center nist-video" data-media-id="614866"><div class="video-embed-field"><div class="video-embed-field-lazy" data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/31013851/partner_id/684682?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_h556oikg?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_h556oikg&amp;flashvars%5BautoPlay%5D=1"></iframe> </div> "><img alt="Bias in AI " loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122im_/https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/1_h556oikg/width/1280" typeof="foaf:Image"><button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play"></button> <div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">Bias in AI </div> </div> </div> <figcaption class="nist-video__caption" data-caption-editable="true"> NIST contributes to the research, standards, and data required to realize the full promise of artificial intelligence (AI) as an enabler of American innovation across industry and economic sectors. Working with the AI community, NIST seeks to identify the technical requirements needed to cultivate trust that AI systems are accurate and reliable, safe and secure, explainable, and free from bias. A key but still insufficiently defined building block of trustworthiness is bias in AI-based products and systems. That bias can be purposeful or inadvertent. By hosting discussions and conducting research, NIST is helping to move us closer to agreement on understanding and measuring bias in AI systems. </figcaption></figure></div> </div> <div class="grid-col"> <div> <figure class="align-center nist-video" data-media-id="630861"><div class="video-embed-field"><div class="video-embed-field-lazy" data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/31013851/partner_id/684682?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_v7i4e45h?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_v7i4e45h&amp;flashvars%5BautoPlay%5D=1"></iframe> </div> "><img alt="Psychology of Interpretable and Explainable AI" loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122im_/https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/1_v7i4e45h/width/1280" typeof="foaf:Image"><button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play"></button> <div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">Psychology of Interpretable and Explainable AI</div> </div> </div> <figcaption class="nist-video__caption" data-caption-editable="true"> The purpose of this pre-recorded webinar, is to promote and more broadly share the release of NIST IR-8367, "Psychological Foundations of Explainability and Interpretability in Artificial Intelligence." This is a pre-recorded interview between the author of the paper, Dr. David Broniatowski, and a member of the NIST ITL team, Natasha Bansgopaul, asking key questions to highlight important insights from the paper that was published in April 2021. </figcaption></figure></div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">Events</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-e34480166b971928a80b5fe5cc2b5121d0cc0f221b1a6cd552004db231709f51"> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2023/08/ai-metrology-colloquia-series" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/08/ai-metrology-colloquia-series"><span>AI Metrology Colloquia Series</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Thu, Aug 31 2023, 12:00 - 1:00pm EDT</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> As a follow-on to the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine workshop on Assessing and Improving AI </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/upcoming-events/topic/2753736">View All Events</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="padding-5 bg-primary-dark"> <h2 class="text-white text-center">Stay in Touch</h2> <p class="text-white text-center">Sign up for our newsletter to stay up to date with the latest research, trends, and news for Artificial intelligence.</p> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscribers/qualify" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"> <input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓"/> <input type="hidden" name="topic_id" id="topic_id" value="USNIST_465"/> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-1 flex flex-justify-center"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-3"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="email">Enter Email Address</label> <input class="usa-input" type="email" name="email" id="email" placeholder="Enter your email"> </div> <div class="grid-row flex-wrap margin-top-1"> <input type="submit" name="commit" value="Sign Up" class="usa-button usa-button--outline usa-button--inverse"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elastic-exclude>  <footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4"> <div class="grid-container nist-footer__info"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__logo"> <a href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home"> <img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/web/20230829234122im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__contact"> <h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3> <address> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a> </address> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__social-links"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--twitter-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://twitter.com/NIST"> <span>Twitter</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.facebook.com/NIST"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist"> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.instagram.com/nist/"> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.youtube.com/NIST"> <span>YouTube</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://giphy.com/nist"> <span>Giphy</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds"> <span>RSS Feed</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new"> <span>Mailing List</span> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__feedback"> How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/artificial-intelligence" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation"> <ul> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122/https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer>  </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1221676","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"G-HEQ0YF2VYL","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip"},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"582eea317b4636ab5a0dffc8c6a006df3d6901ea5610498a0bbefc925ea1da0f"}}</script> <script src="/web/20230829234122js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_vUzvThvSSVoHTSCkBCQkydhdsfaK1XKjKqS_Be_Zm8E.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829234122js_/https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script> <script src="/web/20230829234122js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_UFG7_SKZ1tW4nYZVHdIZTr8VnOJwZK80ZT5daGGaB9U.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFkVVVABoWlcAUQQ=","queueTime":4,"applicationTime":27,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Artificial intelligence | NIST