CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136b2ac4e6bf8fc',cH: '3pHRNcjgRrg4r19mTSDU41eXMVBIMoHqsJ_mRNRGWN8-1739804960-1.2.1.1-v_ADn5CCOL95XCgy1ULf9E4Y5hgzg5MTCuP69rZh9sgQPOKZG7VMFclTljCXxlDW',cUPMDTk: "\/15577\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=ARPZh515EYrHbJUOhb5GHIVtb16g36e1kO3CQAXQxOA-1739804960-1.0.1.1-RdDW.QYtVODD.eQYupn3cZYgNnQvHFCmKjai5I01G2A",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739804960',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/15577\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=ARPZh515EYrHbJUOhb5GHIVtb16g36e1kO3CQAXQxOA-1739804960-1.0.1.1-RdDW.QYtVODD.eQYupn3cZYgNnQvHFCmKjai5I01G2A",md: "ecxZrMBFcqp.pkhxWxP0FvrIxDyva1j9hNjg8xxmC.w-1739804960-1.2.1.1-PYN5.D3N1IJqWcCWwP_zr.7mbOL2VhU.ui1QMvb5c9Jh.31Sg6OSIKhUFevZ2XTwCmKqk70ygiGPz96_TjZ5TNOQxzHUTeKMtkrd2_._0sp1mmQz6Uroi0Zfhl4pkNOXrenAuFRfnsS9jftNKKZyCYuBsjMdlhBkXFytqrJwjmXWT1LI1YrE7yptzj1leN88pg0YKbSy1q9XMt_g8..ock1M4Mkcu8dXISMVjAbYn9GWkIrWWrObljfz3lPgR945502_EOu_U8kJR5hN6Ls.h0UaDcRMr4msa_xwLN7v_WfLctcQRW7c36uL7GqkuDLSlE137tpw2UfZc4o1ljgAhSqmA6bYf068uyc3stJEvOHyX.KX8.yMCev9ghpaxPMtNbNCSYsDVzjY0qJCJpHAbBFxtLYv2Gan_RUzE6j8A.VTwdHZ1wMyOz6WIw4BxP9mnyDakMiFB9XInGrdbfXnaWMQsXcd1661udWCpm7nzL7EQ.etxrvTj0hjhWfBy6LoO1Hb7ZzXpJJ7ZcUTSZl.LLIWBbnuRcdOvuYXyTqS7mpSc6Yt4Oqd6L.n2byz0rytZR2IJqgAhQ6r_rwvAySixxCFLY.gYljxDh8N.GMLfbW6IcrdRrf1gr.vkVRyE44QC4TQkhoUzSr9tERvFGoD0x2Pm975xOyuLjKAApIPSDo3LV2F_iNpT6zNP5Wd3r4.QAq_5pIzC92eJov5BKXXOPaBCPfNTUiUvIJD3hs67m1dvf6insCVcZa.OANXYdSDFrAEamGmkT4dPop7EQtWYeO9klKYG3xLtTqFsXEPjgJpl5tqw3JMSICNIC751wWfHBNDllBcjOQ9Kkdq6.AfXS_gB7xs3HC_mDS9s5P36DgrX1SlGvJxT8sXjDFDyH9w9LqaTTywpfjm.dFdG4ufMnPWFBx.Oc2hwY_bbolZ_qY1VCHsB91sAoe4ThKL3xx30vxwMDS2A18dbZjASMDVNovxf_l4tVVsxMrAgK3GGmttPFnYSll98Vlrdoj40inJPU_w2kdpknVA_cwQB72MJtt53pbsJQKIyUQ3Usa5idFsS6OGnqgtj4pklJbkPwofy0HnGcz.3yz204LaBTKOycmq2ezt0z1.pZcqzjsBvTNsAg5.bpSU4LYGNbQEldYZIrH.m.pPQPBtU54qK8uSmbhahhYIQGVy1K3LDTB7499E8JDze9_E54pG_JiwkmoI7m367dnO7DTSeCYyvcmAn5vguQwIjNd12LlCV63G_KiOHFYkaBFZVpOtWTSvovpqKKTwKQnTKn7YWw3VgsqKaPxi1JlZNi2i6fIhy3BP7zzXErZIAYe69KtcH9K1e9FuOHuthlzVu5PAF1tyHeGPPPRdTsieBlJLVvUpoR36Ub5DDqcUMTYcYnFTquSPXs6LE_nb.0nxNvF6Px2VrPiJ.mUavyozO8t7RcDCKwbE41YUb8kCPZOVqY.NjIMCjLLd.WaaHLgQQ0Y7fO4VeDfZLvlG58RGU8hwDbFa88_ik0vb3XYBFf7uUD_gv87dRCKM2ycqpfsfTz9GQyMccZ8l.JVFPL3OOhHDRotAKTcxWipmlAlchQ8oyWsFVgl6OY3ZG8x_evEyIoa2TJ136Aje1hORinW1E4C0_diszcQ1Wo17XyrK5Ky_XoLz0YTSEJ.IuC_aXoH0JWQeZ_exiPFGJtw874rMqPtx0au0jJzNG9h7IQgVuFldY4i28aSmMhF0_m4yF.Ru82TRbtgrhyE0wcJSEnIHI_5Yf4Jzo_58F9XTI67z3wHC8tD0UAcAfQNX.4K0h9oyRNiKvk2RIir3d6YtQqsg6bmRw.ZLma.psG6lxjLwhTUcvIbHUeoG4t5nmRWEGH9.kPgAkVBmD7igXfampe8Fg7J2JU_6BrZOkjQ",mdrd: "YQSETD_Zm7u2aSxNmPwIewIQ39gp_wQyO6BLrN0CXM0-1739804960-1.2.1.1-wU589CrQUb.zZUOtYbmgTcYApf.0S1HP6hXNZhi9j7233Uew9.m2orPbNB30krTDH_wn0_rxDp9sb2pmsi_CrPkUO77873OQLq9WMoFEQFxxWlx3zaqPIj.zfiICHEhN6fzinw9s.XALz.jrmL_uAKliuNcLfWGSJP4BOj9IDufZee.LL51Kcwlv3OE6JTwaSxKH1m3xfIPvXDrkVnYuB0ZAkqgxZFKXvrdV2a0rDpshxCF7_YXGIXLBHpitciElSBIfa8CzaoFtIrCbPj05K.17mMberc7_n9ycoU3E2RNZoNQ3KGkmcco7MvK_KG6Pof624n7u4rMUziy4lfxd0B0IRzZbkIu2zZ3s8_cDid1ZAhpiBg3FgqRYckYiy_aKfITAlamoJu.QhM2zMtBNXpWa_LVtOBoMGrnm5nSOD6TOAqTrnY2Mlh8MvA0EhxWhuhq85NwQq0s_VnVhcHjmhORSUqRf6DimcxKMoL9uidGrwW.YiYthP2PCpXjtDUXOXYETHyb56ofNG7OVV3apEpcByu2dKGxLYP06WrDCNIiSwOqyI_FhLUIcdkkO45zwZTqRAOiq7pG988IjjBZ05558uFmQ1VHOV0T2M73Llhcuf7KWav4uIcUB2W6NYjsTnUckm_aFNPc.Qf2Rdjr1LjM79tJNQISGGGrq9Ysn5YWJm0H0NlKzEnSuupxTzSJ6k1vYLtVVQvDRWMx7KYRXq1u7z89iazwdBlhGCGQGeTIJamN9mjBqDa.Mc5RAahoKFCfKbTXLqLSdUecF_cZToW3H_cACT8lX7MUytLyWakjE_GGT3DeakignF7qwkYY.aRqV.hT06sQ6HwRGbqt.EUONKP_qdFpuxQ.Rkc1SVc_tNl.i.fexDRiJDUbZcc5BTsJ6DkSgQJmyWrRNuKsb.Wqwi9ccXSP8dx4eKvjWoYmLI4Dl2Dm6dqtHkcByqRliRA..KLdimJy0I0rwz6eysV4LB2jjgNnm.SUQ9HbXc4_7HUOspagMm1qTX0tepj0CcKihLUoPCsE_bf2xK8iZNQ4LBg1tG4sXdj2whTofHNP3ifVIASA8lsDSNfeC6hu9O7P_PNPd9mWZrVryOatcZsX6rvB8jcXoxpU9B_lIZFPuJGJiGuYjPBvIkICobFlljJIioO19SVP4540ZRgUXMPYpl3AavCZ2I7EekSxGTidxobMZI8NGdJMovyKI7tp8_0yAf_MBoU01QsQw.Mz941nk5BWp4Ij6DxPWyo6yfYkMfSCWvNSlag1PGn7VzzZcbYzBpSugssxhvx9LRgwyFKuA6Db.KOzwXVvjmrLV0rOL1R25y5.hdWQrmAyii8baT0N5pCA65YAsDUw0gyggW2NBk.Q6IAL2GdttOP1OFsJbNoeOtbj1WUSA8Mt3nN2VOHTPHY0x.Bxnc8S_zctIR2bavitSxNC.M.DvZxgETY5OL7h6HCPC3FwjdDBK_h7T6grQYcR3_5XSIBk08XvOqEpHhnpm1K_fk4gasQa_9Y_oaL_mPD9cezAp2TxYa_dFWzPTTszpl.V44KBlo1IW7zdG.hQvrHn5vIxkziJ8zcx_q6ahWJ37.ll6Z181btDzABSVbBnW75eYnlfCfdaSfdLiXj_0L3jq_C4d.nrH23D.Tuk_wdvtkEtfRnnnea0pkVlltgF_JEpvrBuE_9E9s2PVnv.qbXwRoERImND6fFYUlZJ7vDd4EKaoJxFMECfxurrTijF98qF5PSq6HvKSN4VqPCWD.i7cVk8ZeqfLYCliphC3nnfGCqdf9XEFAdep901GN667CRizl2HSWoG51hKkpVPp_nk3iDhHoUQdTtc7Hyiplf_IHRRSGMYyqtewpdvWJ_TlQKkFtksSUrALXGhHdLNaWmt03etMk03ea2h_M00DFDQlXehdhUBu3_DALNKS9WiwAH4uZ83kdRNUKykrRe_Rb4pTW_VlcOCzPB.7wsd_TEcXx_WvU1O37azj"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136b2ac4e6bf8fc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/15577\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=ARPZh515EYrHbJUOhb5GHIVtb16g36e1kO3CQAXQxOA-1739804960-1.0.1.1-RdDW.QYtVODD.eQYupn3cZYgNnQvHFCmKjai5I01G2A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>