CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91351ea19dd93f67',cH: 'YxjLMad2ekPtnGKksJlFQmA6eaQgS_Ez3EMduvkkHps-1739788411-1.2.1.1-UELIp_4nLeQz0D8RP.BMu20G3xlgPkxkQZC29dqjU9NZKFin_KMoWZvrRTEyJFYs',cUPMDTk: "\/13501\/iso690?__cf_chl_tk=vPK34U4thHOV8Ljm2bqNFfj12.xmt3A5inOyKOIBN08-1739788411-1.0.1.1-v.7DZfLtOxt9AQajOtDEE7gfwVj0jiQUdOSq5ioxUlo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788411',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/13501\/iso690?__cf_chl_f_tk=vPK34U4thHOV8Ljm2bqNFfj12.xmt3A5inOyKOIBN08-1739788411-1.0.1.1-v.7DZfLtOxt9AQajOtDEE7gfwVj0jiQUdOSq5ioxUlo",md: "fnnGc8adETYfCoJrXpcbcmwS90xJVkjgsZRwWFaXSlM-1739788411-1.2.1.1-XOQqoRL.7ijPpE2Su5y0glWgExY_XpsHxFT8oTT.cvJdWAqpnvqA3iuxaHQixc3Z7_oHq88bbzkpgFdK0db.7OQpXJAiARvt5Hls0X8pEGe7F7gjJdyn8TQd1be1UINxmUtDGLg.kxmad6pqjZ.PB.EBSQnKQh8d2IRYyFMM3dxJMULyBmXygPtVcG8kIKPQpEi5b5AUCTMtqn9W.s4OzXKataUnj69CvPHxSOIXHfB71iuc15tzMPFV03KZQxTdtA1QNikU_F1WudFGUuHT7HKNjoc8J.PXKPKbUDuLam2Oom1qD2E.oazn4qwcdzh97WqYivwVnDM7FhH0GXdynzZiUiFtCHPfPgmkgNDBNpN8QxwFBTW6DIZIEkwNFH_LcSmP1JZNM.ZWHJEPxVhHZAiuW9SBgSGkKVugosKmB_ksRg6kSESgCGBfslClKIEmBXrRMYlV.6RrDEKkjnyIZ9qwMt4QyIXrRgGG9x8erYWCIE4BTtguMyM42QZEE4YjmXdnoSk0ghFsjte51ci1.R_evAoTrSLnRXOcP1eHt8o1By3tIHhwK6bBX8dT1ZskEqaGSkQ.eVFWLBOoOClH7wez3U0abbkVHpwVuvm5rCTFyFZpKLUfBbtxsitRO3CcBtykLQT2JZej0Qu7wy8brAC6rmn8_bzGeja_zaPAezgsehsV.jPGU8P_hVdh_2AJU73YA_MrQ8ufpmFQXYinvYKqcDg.FSIVkuEdkJTbacT5r4U4LDQ_YyyrEGDw5vmlrYaBqjQNomjvxWrbTeD_4lDHGwb_jbX1cpl1CFVcVa9aW0f2ZOlO4FdNtHDizERSl1pg_mJxxBpRYg0.3_PjZ_5Of6Booyy8cY037LCxqy9wHqkAb7h30Aume7yGZ9ozBxgJ3dm7AlDdZ2411e_GQOWAx0j35.yAJL.jfWNv.44UIjp9eoQTcqaTX_vdCCZxBDGQ0CnnIRQnzH2ya_8o1H3Osuqvxefkwz8.nq2RoZ9d8BIojc.fvl2vrxmPov.3D3Y4q.0vmS9QZhTWTDomqOCMHHtHNxgNCvon8bpJsV0MvLZI_8qnihnLpU4W9p.q34pOHDjpzOwMKowABJcD36cLG67AhDilDZt.0HpArFxr__P2uD6ihEvyJHh9ckXxGh6XQGYdz.IYiMHUgiapuj_SNCaIZbcpFn6JtpqlYtKf0YyJl.sulyp7V42l17VuDa82DpUb26GXVf58NDNUe2BEiPD1VA7CvzOhUKoq1igW4O0_v1W8KRMImCjWKhk89aMIL4rC.8mbLvTY9Brk0YCQ93a9ufRNTSEbjr8r.E3GOUQQJq2HQiafuJCe_rU.mYBti95SGQgIOQs3cMtFm.x0bmtX6Cb9Z6tgqh0cWzeNf6yAy86N.INpYkZ90ZwmmdKOVJ.rhAjCqHhNfrETqYWhT9HIN2wPNQEjT5PoXYTxo2Fli03GkgjGHnEXlS3gtqHun2pQWhvpJn0mc6ctzNKcV6ZJHdRuFtfRuU7b5HQ_4ekra9jEapS0HgWQV9.9WEL7KofGb.L7D.vGug6J_PV_H28nHjaqxSvcYvo_k37oReOU52C0IxDDvMw55cnxzh.46wzbf3Tzj1sTNCZVMV_agX9tVDzIO7q30.GSn065tQP.RrwksI.wXoHqxUBgSjldA1wzxU1PRyG8P11k0JMFi_op3FfReRpz.84swx8E2EBBsGiBrowvO3dJazRXYcAATUvXfzXerOS6Ij2hDd5FI6nfkUde7.HMQ5CyBmpf8iRF.LdwDNE2TGn7SC62o1OxsdwgznZcnE8ZuUeWVdtKxUbBIVvyZfzMkxjuhh0Wmnzf.WAo_Ob81U0F_f5NUfvJlgGRAgYYgNjNo5_5pHkqG.aNszY69YhDTss_k3c",mdrd: "JU9ul08l612GN3JMEGxlpXadLMUEvtbk14FsGGlwLcM-1739788411-1.2.1.1-AoZ.HJa6rNyqbirgZas31F5wz5Q0NQDvN8zlsLG2iBpaVU0jKao04.PR0QuCZkw7PYSAtgKWmk9IdLDctXSJIJxh1CjaZO0rSPnv_rKAxvqx_VGpbNu5KqsbsubjxqUInj0Y90hAsJWB9Qf8r6kfJIitpoD4isTjwDDD4f0a08RHiiILtEDek4q.jLyLiYlPOqKIiHKpCdcrTJJZPaA09yzP3BRF7V4Ri4lH1XTslc7FtIMn16G3vh6T1egSA2yJOIvp1BbL81kHiXc7FdJU4.pb6YETjko7JteUhkcM3Q54n9bZg529mkmMLuyoKCeIRH04ScH_Lsn2IR1LdOED.ba.iFeOsOt5Ye1gG9pZabx6NPgWQePwV7S.3x3i3I_qwxaBdFkLQWQEKwoVA4OdNwW7vaukhBf6PwGfEML3q38Yrlka7ye1dIebGOzMxbQdrqc4lgZ3j0eU9UASfDH16hUi86YT1SKtPi9xZ8kRqZMDZWw3OyXBnFqEIL4GK81fprO4PdvgK4bsFzg2zXgUZLOeIAUx81szJH6OAzKOp6jLF4WWlvVyk1PMIaJ_X69Y3w9yQ1s5RVpWjyA287uN8BFdxvfvckRPVBIk3P2.SbrAYh9donsi83EcKX.ijtsP0P3ytJDaiiapcUkQ6y2DnTVUNPzN.V9aW7gu1AfosFkpfvtmh_fB2xArPxuzMCswrAfmW0xqRdl1HRjoQB4hgMD0KRFAi.Oieq5VZ9zczNYAd68dclKDUbk8Lj2dwZ1k5uUsgMfeZvFgAlsb39y6FFE73w0I6V6JPclZ1rv6BftBGO.c_pDEMG2bT5wxTNEjfzg9h6uAAD9DEg0VLDa0qaAIeSg5q71azxBlPvQbbaqfemlcpJDNkuYdmwjgxtA69Dxmt6Frm8KLZi7B.DCi0Zh.0OjxGe98ANV2ODzfdoOVwvQzPFIdDwyxPDIESgeviyUcIr7Pg2wWND3XbzI3Mm60H_SKjm.yyBE4I4SBXfBqcbHjI9IXIX5yjlfj4X8zQSCTohtHA.YGt6SziiJ1W.4EWFMs8R8SaDE7vpUTrQyjQV3yEkKNRR7tLeS_dvFlNg5ODQuvmQn6lRDA1VYo0sh7NitVP1ZfyPnXvbuDvxl5eSFu6rqFcwf4kiuqpyDgLm3AK799GQ85pfFe8HODKNVPh0dFM.g__rPwADQEpMdquyLQGLOXZC4XmKeIQstxI5H_nkoku5lVOdh.fb24EXOEhYHjtGhwdiPXM5oZRr_M60HXqsaiKtfVDV2bVajjym8NB9BcuPzyicXNVoA7weKFELIvN4b_.u0kYmxe1WQS58PyQEKG6N1zdI0iWT5yjDJEA9r8lC1klhlo0OJ.jUkcCb9UtfvX_ksIcf99iUpEHn5UW7aAt.Rub6.ZMuyp2WUBwJqY82Ai3o72b9nPfBSrGRRinidWe0kz3lXqZjFM1G4Z3zyxqwiq8Lgg0USZaAXXUyBfaOaJYi4_TDYj8v8jaD.GopLxGTuDHVqkEtL5xIaUNtm_26atS1mhCjpHgeN5tF3EpMeAFWeiD_lwFtkLHLLAL6UYICaALAvMUZi9sV82Oni11KxP29GCupnHqyrAZq6y0KLV8VnWQ4YDGWJHNbStA3RBpkl2MZ9SV61rzXj6ZENUU6dwwFvMfEGFYOksKug5XwmHO.NFRauK8xQQxHfPu_SBg8OPxXZVCZrgRS7c3gSq4W427hwSQSeVg8gtf4B_D3xjmFp6wDX6TO1a54HJ36zyRlWe_t1bwaNbH5VQE2lfLim7HVhE7kC8cwIL7qDbCrkW5TWUhZQ1VrJSaSP8Vzs35zQt_a17Wu0b2z7KdSa3IJS8c4UKqhnwJ9IQf8UJkp_G90cKpR6kFexGkHaQkhRJFK8ajdMQTG9_6xOOEQNHxMnu4kOLayokYzCjWx_o9IWAMORwIhdPWd2wVuvvtgU0ksBAZnyAK.mMs74ToPpZDZoQhH2bhUcm"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91351ea19dd93f67';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/13501\/iso690?__cf_chl_rt_tk=vPK34U4thHOV8Ljm2bqNFfj12.xmt3A5inOyKOIBN08-1739788411-1.0.1.1-v.7DZfLtOxt9AQajOtDEE7gfwVj0jiQUdOSq5ioxUlo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>