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mutations</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: functional mutations"> <meta name="keywords" content="functional mutations"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="functional mutations"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3122</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: functional mutations</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3122</span> The Extent to Which Social Factors Affect Urban Functional Mutations and Transformations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skirmante%20Mozuriunaite">Skirmante Mozuriunaite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contemporary metropolitan areas and large cities are dynamic, rapidly growing and continuously changing. Thus, urban transformations and mutations are not a new phenomenon, but rather a continuous process. Basic factors of urban transformation are related to development of technologies, globalisation, lifestyle, etc., which, in combination with local factors, have generated an extremely great variety of urban development conditions. This article discusses the main urbanisation processes in Lithuania during last 50 year period and social factors affecting urban functional mutations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title="dispersion">dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20mutations" title=" functional mutations"> functional mutations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20mutations" title=" urban mutations"> urban mutations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20factors" title=" social factors"> social factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32671/the-extent-to-which-social-factors-affect-urban-functional-mutations-and-transformations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3121</span> Text Mining Techniques for Prioritizing Pathogenic Mutations in Protein Families Known to Misfold or Aggregate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaleel%20Saleh%20Al-Rababah">Khaleel Saleh Al-Rababah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Amyloid fibril forming regions, which are known as protein aggregates, in sequences of some protein families are associated with a number of diseases known as amyloidosis. Mutations play a role in forming fibrils by accelerating the fibril formation process. In this paper we want to extract diseases that caused by those mutations as a result of the impact of the mutations on structural and functional properties of the aggregated protein. We propose a text mining system, to automatically extract mutations, diseases and relations between mutations and diseases. We presented an algorithm based on finite state to cluster mutations found in the same sentence as a sentence could contain different mutation cause different diseases. Also, we presented a co reference algorithm that enables cross-link sentences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amyloid" title="amyloid">amyloid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amyloidosis" title=" amyloidosis"> amyloidosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co%20reference" title=" co reference"> co reference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20mining" title=" text mining"> text mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24232/text-mining-techniques-for-prioritizing-pathogenic-mutations-in-protein-families-known-to-misfold-or-aggregate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3120</span> Functional Analysis of Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) Gene Mutations Detected in Patients with Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswabandhu%20Bankura">Biswabandhu Bankura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srikanta%20Guria"> Srikanta Guria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhusudan%20Das"> Madhusudan Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. We aimed to identify the spectrum of mutations in the TPO gene leading to hypothyroidism in the population of West Bengal to establish the genetic etiology of the disease. Methods: 200 hypothyroid patients (case) and their corresponding sex and age matched 200 normal individuals (control) were screened depending on their clinical manifestations. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and TPO gene (Exon 7 to Exon 14) was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were subjected to sequencing to identify mutations. Results: Single nucleotide changes such as Glu 641 Lys, Asp 668 Asn, Thr 725 Pro, Asp 620 Asn, Ser 398 Thr, and Ala 373 Ser were found. Changes in the TPO were assayed in vitro to compare mutant and wild-type activities. Five mutants were enzymatically inactive in the guaiacol and iodide assays. This is a strong indication that the mutations are present at crucial positions of the TPO gene, resulting in inactivated TPO. Key Findings: The results of this study may help to develop a genetic screening protocol for goiter and hypothyroidism in the population of West Bengal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid%20peroxidase" title="thyroid peroxidase">thyroid peroxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypothyroidism" title=" hypothyroidism"> hypothyroidism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation" title=" mutation"> mutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20assay" title=" in vitro assay"> in vitro assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfection" title=" transfection"> transfection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20470/functional-analysis-of-thyroid-peroxidase-tpo-gene-mutations-detected-in-patients-with-thyroid-dyshormonogenesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3119</span> Functional Analysis of Thyroid Peroxidase Gene Mutations Detected in Patients with Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswabandhu%20Bankura">Biswabandhu Bankura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srikanta%20Guria"> Srikanta Guria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhusudan%20Das"> Madhusudan Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. We aimed to identify the spectrum of mutations in the TPO gene leading to hypothyroidism in the population of West Bengal to establish the genetic etiology of the disease. Methods: 200 hypothyroid patients (case) and their corresponding sex and age matched 200 normal individuals (control) were screened depending on their clinical manifestations. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and TPO gene (Exon 7 to Exon 14) was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were subjected to sequencing to identify mutations. Results: Single nucleotide changes such as Glu 641 Lys, Asp 668 Asn, Thr 725 Pro, Asp 620 Asn, Ser 398 Thr, and Ala 373 Ser were found. Changes in the TPO were assayed in vitro to compare mutant and wild-type activities. Five mutants were enzymatically inactive in the guaiacol and iodide assays. This is a strong indication that the mutations are present at crucial positions of the TPO gene, resulting in inactivated TPO. Key Findings: The results of this study may help to develop a genetic screening protocol for goiter and hypothyroidism in the population of West Bengal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid%20peroxidase" title="thyroid peroxidase">thyroid peroxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypothyroidism" title=" hypothyroidism"> hypothyroidism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation" title=" mutation"> mutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20assay" title=" in vitro assay"> in vitro assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfection" title=" transfection"> transfection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19059/functional-analysis-of-thyroid-peroxidase-gene-mutations-detected-in-patients-with-thyroid-dyshormonogenesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3118</span> Prerequisites for the Acquisition of Mammalian Pathogenicity by Influenza A Virus with a Prototypic Avian PB2 Gene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Young%20Lee">Chung-Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Hee%20Ahn"> Se-Hee Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilhwan%20Kim"> Ilhwan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Du-Min%20Go"> Du-Min Go</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae-Yong%20Kim"> Dae-Yong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Gu%20Choi"> Jun-Gu Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Jeong%20Lee"> Youn-Jeong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Hong%20Kim"> Jae-Hong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyuk-Joon%20Kwon"> Hyuk-Joon Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The polymerase of avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a heterotrimer composed of PB2, PB1 and PA. PB2 plays a role in overcoming the host barrier; however, the genetic prerequisites for avian PB2 to acquire mammalian pathogenic mutations have not been well elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that key amino acid mutations (I66M, I109V and I133V, collectively referred to as MVV) of prototypic avian PB2 increase the replication efficiency of recombinant PR8 virus carrying the mutated PB2 in both avian and mammalian hosts. The MVV mutations caused no weight loss in mice, but they did allow replication in infected lungs, and the viruses acquired fatal mammalian pathogenic mutations such as Q591R/K, E627K, or D701N in the infected lungs. The MVV mutations are located at the interfaces of the trimer and are predicted to increase the strength of this structure. Thus, gaining MVV mutations might be the first step for AIV to acquire mammalian pathogenicity. These results provide new insights into the evolution of AIV in birds and mammals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avian%20influenza%20A%20virus" title="avian influenza A virus">avian influenza A virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prototypic%20PB2" title=" prototypic PB2"> prototypic PB2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20activity" title=" polymerase activity"> polymerase activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mammalian%20pathogenicity" title=" mammalian pathogenicity"> mammalian pathogenicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first-step%20mutations" title=" first-step mutations"> first-step mutations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74659/prerequisites-for-the-acquisition-of-mammalian-pathogenicity-by-influenza-a-virus-with-a-prototypic-avian-pb2-gene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3117</span> DeepOmics: Deep Learning for Understanding Genome Functioning and the Underlying Genetic Causes of Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishnu%20Pratap%20Singh%20Kirar">Vishnu Pratap Singh Kirar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhuri%20Saxena"> Madhuri Saxena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advancement in sequence data generation technologies is churning out voluminous omics data and posing a massive challenge to annotate the biological functional features. With so much data available, the use of machine learning methods and tools to make novel inferences has become obvious. Machine learning methods have been successfully applied to a lot of disciplines, including computational biology and bioinformatics. Researchers in computational biology are interested to develop novel machine learning frameworks to classify the huge amounts of biological data. In this proposal, it plan to employ novel machine learning approaches to aid the understanding of how apparently innocuous mutations (in intergenic DNA and at synonymous sites) cause diseases. We are also interested in discovering novel functional sites in the genome and mutations in which can affect a phenotype of interest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genome%20wide%20association%20studies%20%28GWAS%29" title="genome wide association studies (GWAS)">genome wide association studies (GWAS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=next%20generation%20sequencing%20%28NGS%29" title=" next generation sequencing (NGS)"> next generation sequencing (NGS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omics" title=" omics"> omics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166731/deepomics-deep-learning-for-understanding-genome-functioning-and-the-underlying-genetic-causes-of-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3116</span> The Impact of Missense Mutation in Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Class A Associated to Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia-Seizures Syndrome 2: A Computational Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Kumar%20Agrahari">Ashish Kumar Agrahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar"> Amit Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal blood disorder that manifests with hemolytic anemia, thrombosis, and peripheral blood cytopenias. The disease is caused by the deficiency of two glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPI)-anchored proteins (CD55 and CD59) in the hemopoietic stem cells. The deficiency of GPI-anchored proteins has been associated with the somatic mutations in phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIGA). However, the mutations that do not cause PNH is associated with the multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2 (MCAHS2). To best of our knowledge, no computational study has been performed to explore the atomistic level impact of PIGA mutations on the structure and dynamics of the protein. In the current work, we are mainly interested to get insights into the molecular mechanism of PIGA mutations. In the initial step, we screened the most pathogenic mutations from the pool of publicly available mutations. Further, to get a better understanding, pathogenic mutations were mapped to the modeled structure and subjected to 50ns molecular dynamics simulation. Our computational study suggests that four mutations are highly vulnerable to altering the structural conformation and stability of the PIGA protein, which illustrates its association with PNH and MCAHS2 phenotype. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homology%20modeling" title="homology modeling">homology modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamics simulation"> molecular dynamics simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missense%20mutations%20PNH" title=" missense mutations PNH"> missense mutations PNH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCAHS2" title=" MCAHS2"> MCAHS2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIGA" title=" PIGA"> PIGA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101878/the-impact-of-missense-mutation-in-phosphatidylinositol-glycan-class-a-associated-to-paroxysmal-nocturnal-hemoglobinuria-and-multiple-congenital-anomalies-hypotonia-seizures-syndrome-2-a-computational-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3115</span> Clinical and Molecular Characterization of 120 Families with Sporadic Juvenile Onset Open Angle Glaucoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bindu%20I.%20Somarajan">Bindu I. Somarajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viney%20Gupta"> Viney Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gagandeep%20%20Kaur%20Walia"> Gagandeep Kaur Walia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasbir%20Kaur"> Jasbir Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Kumar"> Sunil Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shikha%20Gupta"> Shikha Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abadh%20K.%20Chaurasia"> Abadh K. Chaurasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Gupa"> Dinesh Gupa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhinav%20Kaushik"> Abhinav Kaushik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditi%20Mehta"> Aditi Mehta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vipin%20Gupta"> Vipin Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arundhati%20Sharma"> Arundhati Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Juvenile onset primary open angle glaucoma (JOAG), affects individuals under the age of 40 years. Studies on a few families of JOAG, that led to the discovery of the Myocilin gene, reported the disease to have an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. However, sporadic forms of JOAG been seen to be more common in some populations. Most pathological homozygous mutations in the CYP1B1 gene associated with JOAG have been seen among sporadic cases. Given the higher prevalence of sporadic JOAG cases in our population, we aimed to look for common mutations E229K and R368H, the two most common variants in the CYP1B1 gene associated with glaucoma. Objective: To determine the frequency and evaluate genotype phenotype correlation of CYP1B1 E229K and R368H mutations in a cohort of 120 sporadic Juvenile open angle glaucoma patients.Methods: Unrelated JOAG patients whose first degree relatives had been examined and found to be unaffected were included in the study. The patients and their parents were screened for E229K and R368H mutations. The phenotypic characteristics were compared between probands with and with out these mutations by SPSS v16. Results: Out of 120 JOAG patients included in the study, the E229K mutation was seen in 9 probands (7.5%) and R368H in 7 (5.8%). The average age of onset of the disease (p=0.3) and the highest untreated IOP (p=0.4) among those carrying mutations was not significantly different from those who did not have these mutations. The proportion of probands with angle dysgenesis among those with E229K and R368H mutations was 70% (11 out of 16) in comparison to 65% (67 out of 104) of those who did not harbour these mutations (p=0.56). Similarly the probands with moderate to high myopia among those with E229K and R368H mutations was 20% (3 out of 16) in comparison to 18% (18 out of 104) of those who did not harbour these mutations(p=0.59). Conclusion: The frequency of E229K and R368H mutations of the CYP1B1 gene is low even among sporadic JOAG patients. Moreover there is no clinical correlation between the presence of these mutations and disease severity <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CYP1B1" title="CYP1B1">CYP1B1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene" title=" gene"> gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IOP" title=" IOP"> IOP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JOAG" title=" JOAG"> JOAG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation" title=" mutation"> mutation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77908/clinical-and-molecular-characterization-of-120-families-with-sporadic-juvenile-onset-open-angle-glaucoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3114</span> Exhaled Breath Condensate in Lung Cancer: A Non-Invasive Sample for Easier Mutations Detection by Next Generation Sequencing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Youssef">Omar Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aija%20Knuuttila"> Aija Knuuttila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paivi%20Piiril%C3%A4"> Paivi Piirilä</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virinder%20Sarhadi"> Virinder Sarhadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakari%20Knuutila"> Sakari Knuutila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a unique sample that allows studying different genetic changes in lung carcinoma through a non-invasive way. With the aid of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, analysis of genetic mutations has been more efficient with increased sensitivity for detection of genetic variants. In order to investigate the possibility of applying this method for cancer diagnostics, mutations in EBC DNA from lung cancer patients and healthy individuals were studied by using NGS. The key aim is to assess the feasibility of using this approach to detect clinically important mutations in EBC. EBC was collected from 20 healthy individuals and 9 lung cancer patients (four lung adenocarcinomas, four 8 squamous cell carcinoma, and one case of mesothelioma). Mutations in hotpot regions of 22 genes were studied by using Ampliseq Colon and Lung cancer panel and sequenced on Ion PGM. Results demonstrated that all nine patients showed a total of 19 cosmic mutations in APC, BRAF, EGFR, ERBB4, FBXW7, FGFR1, KRAS, MAP2K1, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, RET, SMAD4, and TP53. In controls, 15 individuals showed 35 cosmic mutations in BRAF, CTNNB1, DDR2, EGFR, ERBB2, FBXW7, FGFR3, KRAS, MET, NOTCH1, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, SMAD4, and TP53. Additionally, 45 novel mutations not reported previously were also seen in patients’ samples, and 106 novel mutations were seen in controls’ specimens. KRAS exon 2 mutations G12D was identified in one control specimen with mutant allele fraction of 6.8%, while KRAS G13D mutation seen in one patient sample showed mutant allele fraction of 17%. These findings illustrate that hotspot mutations are present in DNA from EBC of both cancer patients and healthy controls. As some of the cosmic mutations were seen in controls too, no firm conclusion can be drawn on the clinical importance of cosmic mutations in patients. Mutations reported in controls could represent early neoplastic changes or normal homeostatic process of apoptosis occurring in lung tissue to get rid of mutant cells. At the same time, mutations detected in patients might represent a non-invasive easily accessible way for early cancer detection. Follow up of individuals with important cancer mutations is necessary to clarify the significance of these mutations in both healthy individuals and cancer patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaled%20breath%20condensate" title="exhaled breath condensate">exhaled breath condensate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutations" title=" mutations"> mutations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=next%20generation%20sequencing" title=" next generation sequencing"> next generation sequencing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79874/exhaled-breath-condensate-in-lung-cancer-a-non-invasive-sample-for-easier-mutations-detection-by-next-generation-sequencing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3113</span> Clinical Impact of Ultra-Deep Versus Sanger Sequencing Detection of Minority Mutations on the HIV-1 Drug Resistance Genotype Interpretations after Virological Failure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mohamed">S. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Gonzalez"> D. Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Sayada"> C. Sayada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Halfon"> P. Halfon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drug resistance mutations are routinely detected using standard Sanger sequencing, which does not detect minor variants with a frequency below 20%. The impact of detecting minor variants generated by ultra-deep sequencing (UDS) on HIV drug-resistance (DR) interpretations has not yet been studied. Fifty HIV-1 patients who experienced virological failure were included in this retrospective study. The HIV-1 UDS protocol allowed the detection and quantification of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase variants related to genotypes A, B, C, E, F, and G. DeepChek®-HIV simplified DR interpretation software was used to compare Sanger sequencing and UDS. The total time required for the UDS protocol was found to be approximately three times longer than Sanger sequencing with equivalent reagent costs. UDS detected all of the mutations found by population sequencing and identified additional resistance variants in all patients. An analysis of DR revealed a total of 643 and 224 clinically relevant mutations by UDS and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Three resistance mutations with > 20% prevalence were detected solely by UDS: A98S (23%), E138A (21%) and V179I (25%). A significant difference in the DR interpretations for 19 antiretroviral drugs was observed between the UDS and Sanger sequencing methods. Y181C and T215Y were the most frequent mutations associated with interpretation differences. A combination of UDS and DeepChek® software for the interpretation of DR results would help clinicians provide suitable treatments. A cut-off of 1% allowed a better characterisation of the viral population by identifying additional resistance mutations and improving the DR interpretation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV-1" title="HIV-1">HIV-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-deep%20sequencing" title=" ultra-deep sequencing"> ultra-deep sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanger%20sequencing" title=" Sanger sequencing"> Sanger sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20resistance" title=" drug resistance"> drug resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6242/clinical-impact-of-ultra-deep-versus-sanger-sequencing-detection-of-minority-mutations-on-the-hiv-1-drug-resistance-genotype-interpretations-after-virological-failure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3112</span> Altered TP53 Mutations in de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naser%20Shagerdi%20Esmaeli">Naser Shagerdi Esmaeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Hamidpour"> Mohsen Hamidpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parisa%20Hasankhani%20Tehrani"> Parisa Hasankhani Tehrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The TP53 mutation is frequently detected in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with complex karyotype (CK), but the stability of this mutation during the clinical course remains unclear. Material and Methods: In this study, TP53 mutations were identified in 7% of 500 patients with de novo AML and 58.8% of patients with CK in Tabriz, Iran. TP53 mutations were closely associated with older age, lower white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts, FAB M6 subtype, unfavorable-risk cytogenetics, and CK, but negatively associated with NPM1 mutation, FLT3/ITD and DNMT3A mutation. Result: Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TP53 mutation was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival and disease-free survival among the total cohort and the subgroup of patients with CK. A scoring system incorporating TP53 mutation and nine other prognostic factors, including age, WBC counts, cytogenetics, and gene mutations, into survival analysis proved to be very useful to stratify AML patients. Sequential study of 420 samples showed that TP53 mutations were stable during AML evolution, whereas the mutation was acquired only in 1 of the 126 TP53 wild-type patients when therapy-related AML originated from different clone emerged. Conclusion: In conclusion, TP53 mutations are associated with distinct clinic-biological features and poor prognosis in de novo AML patients and are rather stable during disease progression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20myloblastic%20leukemia" title="acute myloblastic leukemia">acute myloblastic leukemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TP53" title=" TP53"> TP53</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLT3%2FITD" title=" FLT3/ITD"> FLT3/ITD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158096/altered-tp53-mutations-in-de-novo-acute-myeloid-leukemia-patients-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3111</span> Prevalence of Pretreatment Drug HIV-1 Mutations in Moscow, Russia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daria%20Zabolotnaya">Daria Zabolotnaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Degtyareva"> Svetlana Degtyareva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronika%20Kanestri"> Veronika Kanestri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danila%20Konnov"> Danila Konnov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An adequate choice of the initial antiretroviral treatment determines the treatment efficacy. In the clinical guidelines in Russia non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are still considered to be an option for first-line treatment while pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) testing is not routinely performed. We conducted a cohort retrospective study in HIV-positive treatment naïve patients of the H-clinic (Moscow, Russia) who performed PDR testing from July 2017 to November 2021. All the information was obtained from the medical records anonymously. We analyzed the mutations in reverse transcriptase and protease genes. RT-sequences were obtained by AmpliSens HIV-Resist-Seq kit. Drug resistance was defined using the HIVdb Program v. 8.9-1. PDR was estimated using the Stanford algorithm. Descriptive statistics were performed in Excel (Microsoft Office, 2019). A total of 261 HIV-1 infected patients were enrolled in the study including 197 (75.5%) male and 64 (24.5%) female. The mean age was 34.6±8.3 years. The median CD4 count – 521 cells/µl (IQR 367-687 cells/µl). Data on risk factors of HIV-infection were scarce. The total quantity of strains containing mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene was 75 (28.7%). From these 5 (1.9%) mutations were associated with PDR to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and 30 (11.5%) – with PDR to NNRTIs. The number of strains with mutations in protease gene was 43 (16.5%), from these only 3 (1.1%) mutations were associated with resistance to protease inhibitors. For NNRTIs the most prevalent PDR mutations were E138A, V106I. Most of the HIV variants exhibited a single PDR mutation, 2 were found in 3 samples. Most of HIV variants with PDR mutation displayed a single drug class resistance mutation. 2/37 (5.4%) strains had both NRTIs and NNRTIs mutations. There were no strains identified with PDR mutations to all three drug classes. Though earlier data demonstrated a lower level of PDR in HIV treatment naïve population in Russia and our cohort can be not fully representative as it is taken from the private clinic, it reflects the trend of increasing PDR especially to NNRTIs. Therefore, we consider either pretreatment testing or giving the priority to other drugs as first-line treatment necessary. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutations" title=" mutations"> mutations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152294/prevalence-of-pretreatment-drug-hiv-1-mutations-in-moscow-russia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3110</span> Prognostic Implication of Nras Gene Mutations in Egyptian Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20M.%20Elghannam">Doaa M. Elghannam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashwa%20Khayrat%20Abousamra"> Nashwa Khayrat Abousamra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20A.%20Shahin"> Doaa A. Shahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enas%20F.%20Goda"> Enas F. Goda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Azzam"> Hanan Azzam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20Azmy"> Emad Azmy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20Salah%20El-Din"> Manal Salah El-Din</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) involves the cooperation of mutations promoting proliferation/survival and those impairing differentiation. Point mutations of the NRAS gene are the most frequent somatic mutations causing aberrant signal-transduction in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Aim: The present work was conducted to study the frequency and prognostic significance of NRAS gene mutations (NRASmut) in de novo Egyptian adult AML. Material and methods: Bone marrow specimens from 150 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia and controls were analyzed by genomic PCR-SSCP at codons 12, 13 (exon 1), and 61 (exon 2) for NRAS mutations. Results: NRAS gene mutations was found in 19/150 (12.7%) AML cases, represented more frequently in the FAB subtype M4eo (P = 0.028), and at codon 12, 13 (14of 19; 73.7%). Patients with NRASmut had a significant lower peripheral marrow blasts (P = 0.004, P=0.03) and non significant improved clinical outcome than patients without the mutation. Complete remission rate was (63.2% vs 56.5%; p=0.46), resistant disease (15.8% vs 23.6%; p=0.51), three years overall survival (44% vs 42%; P = 0.85) and disease free survival (42.1% vs 38.9%, P = 0.74). Multivariate analysis showed that age was the strongest unfavorable factor for overall survival (relative risk [RR], 1.9; P = .002), followed by cytogenetics (P = .004). FAB types, NRAS mutation, and leukocytosis were less important. Conclusions: NRAS gene mutation frequency and spectrum differ between biologically distinct subtypes of AML but do not significantly influence prognosis and clinical outcome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NRAS%20Gene" title="NRAS Gene">NRAS Gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egyptian%20adult" title=" egyptian adult"> egyptian adult</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20myeloid%20leukemia" title=" acute myeloid leukemia"> acute myeloid leukemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytogenetics" title=" cytogenetics"> cytogenetics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154231/prognostic-implication-of-nras-gene-mutations-in-egyptian-adult-acute-myeloid-leukemia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3109</span> SARS-CoV-2: Prediction of Critical Charged Amino Acid Mutations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atlal%20El-Assaad">Atlal El-Assaad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Viruses change with time through mutations and result in new variants that may persist or disappear. A Mutation refers to an actual change in the virus genetic sequence, and a variant is a viral genome that may contain one or more mutations. Critical mutations may cause the virus to be more transmissible, with high disease severity, and more vulnerable to diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Thus, variants carrying such mutations may increase the risk to human health and are considered variants of concern (VOC). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - the contagious in humans, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - has been studied thoroughly, and several variants were revealed across the world with their corresponding mutations. SARS-CoV-2 has four structural proteins, known as the S (spike), E (envelope), M (membrane), and N (nucleocapsid) proteins, but prior study and vaccines development focused on genetic mutations in the S protein due to its vital role in allowing the virus to attach and fuse with the membrane of a host cell. Specifically, subunit S1 catalyzes attachment, whereas subunit S2 mediates fusion. In this perspective, we studied all charged amino acid mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein S1 when bound to Antibody CC12.1 in a crystal structure and assessed the effect of different mutations. We generated all missense mutants of SARS-CoV-2 protein amino acids (AAs) within the SARS-CoV-2:CC12.1 complex model. To generate the family of mutants in each complex, we mutated every charged amino acid with all other charged amino acids (Lysine (K), Arginine (R), Glutamic Acid (E), and Aspartic Acid (D)) and studied the new binding of the complex after each mutation. We applied Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic calculations feeding into free energy calculations to determine the effect of each mutation on binding. After analyzing our data, we identified charged amino acids keys for binding. Furthermore, we validated those findings against published experimental genetic data. Our results are the first to propose in silico potential life-threatening mutations of SARS-CoV-2 beyond the present mutations found in the five common variants found worldwide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variant" title=" variant"> variant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20amino%20acid" title=" ionic amino acid"> ionic amino acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein-protein%20interactions" title=" protein-protein interactions"> protein-protein interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missense%20mutation" title=" missense mutation"> missense mutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AESOP" title=" AESOP"> AESOP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163753/sars-cov-2-prediction-of-critical-charged-amino-acid-mutations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3108</span> Comparative Study of Mutations Associated with Second Line Drug Resistance and Genetic Background of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Beenish%20Rufai">Syed Beenish Rufai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarman%20Singh"> Sarman Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Performance of Genotype MTBDRsl (Hain Life science GmbH Germany) for detection of mutations associated with second-line drug resistance is well known. However, less evidence regarding the association of mutations and genetic background of strains is known which, in the future, is essential for clinical management of anti-tuberculosis drugs in those settings where the probability of particular genotype is predominant. Material and Methods: During this retrospective study, a total of 259 MDR-TB isolates obtained from pulmonary TB patients were tested for second-line drug susceptibility testing (DST) using Genotype MTBDRsl VER 1.0 and compared with BACTEC MGIT-960 as a reference standard. All isolates were further characterized using spoligotyping. The spoligo patterns obtained were compared and analyzed using SITVIT_WEB. Results: Of total 259 MDR-TB isolates which were screened for second-line DST by Genotype MTBDRsl, mutations were found to be associated with gyrA, rrs and emb genes in 82 (31.6%), 2 (0.8%) and 90 (34.7%) isolates respectively. 16 (6.1%) isolates detected mutations associated with both FQ as well as to AG/CP drugs (XDR-TB). No mutations were detected in 159 (61.4%) isolates for corresponding gyrA and rrs genes. Genotype MTBDRsl showed a concordance of 96.4% for detection of sensitive isolates in comparison with second-line DST by BACTEC MGIT-960 and 94.1%, 93.5%, 60.5% and 50% for detection of XDR-TB, FQ, EMB, and AMK/CAP respectively. D94G was the most prevalent mutation found among (38 (46.4%)) OFXR isolates (37 FQ mono-resistant and 1 XDR-TB) followed by A90V (23 (28.1%)) (17 FQ mono-resistant and 6 XDR-TB). Among AG/CP resistant isolates A1401G was the most frequent mutation observed among (11 (61.1%)) isolates (2 AG/CP mono-resistant isolates and 9 XDR-TB isolates) followed by WT+A1401G (6 (33.3%)) and G1484T (1 (5.5%)) respectively. On spoligotyping analysis, Beijing strain (46%) was found to be the most predominant strain among pre-XDR and XDR TB isolates followed by CAS (30%), X (6%), Unique (5%), EAI and T each of 4%, Manu (3%) and Ural (2%) respectively. Beijing strain was found to be strongly associated with D94G (47.3%) and A90V mutations by (47.3%) and 34.8% followed by CAS strain by (31.6%) and 30.4% respectively. However, among AG/CP resistant isolates, only Beijing strain was found to be strongly associated with A1401G and WT+A1401G mutations by 54.5% and 50% respectively. Conclusion: Beijing strain was found to be strongly associated with the most prevalent mutations among pre-XDR and XDR TB isolates. Acknowledgments: Study was supported with Grant by All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi reference No. P-2012/12452. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title="tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20probe%20assay" title=" line probe assay"> line probe assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XDR%20TB" title=" XDR TB"> XDR TB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20susceptibility" title=" drug susceptibility"> drug susceptibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105360/comparative-study-of-mutations-associated-with-second-line-drug-resistance-and-genetic-background-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-strains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3107</span> Mutations in the GJB2 Gene Are the Cause of an Important Number of Non-Syndromic Deafness Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habib%20Onsori">Habib Onsori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Akrami"> Somayeh Akrami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Rahmati"> Mohammad Rahmati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deafness is the most common sensory disorder with the frequency of 1/1000 in many populations. Mutations in the GJB2 (CX26) gene at the DFNB1 locus on chromosome 13q12 are associated with congenital hearing loss. Approximately 80% of congenital hearing loss cases are recessively inherited and 15% dominantly inherited. Mutations of the GJB2 gene, encoding gap junction protein Connexin 26 (Cx26), are the most common cause of hereditary congenital hearing loss in many countries. This report presents two cases of different mutations from Iranian patients with bilateral hearing loss. DNA studies were performed for the GJB2 gene by PCR and sequencing methods. In one of them, direct sequencing of the gene showed a heterozygous T→C transition at nucleotide 604 resulting in a cysteine to arginine amino acid substitution at codon 202 (C202R) in the fourth extracellular domain (TM4) of the protein. The analyses indicate that the C202R mutation appeared de novo in the proband with a possible dominant effect (GenBank: KF 638275). In the other one, DNA sequencing revealed a compound heterozygous mutation (35delG, 363delC) in the Cx26 gene that is strongly associated with congenital non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL). So screening the mutations for hearing loss individuals referring to genetics counseling centers before marriage and or pregnancy is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CX26" title="CX26">CX26</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deafness" title=" deafness"> deafness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GJB2" title=" GJB2"> GJB2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation" title=" mutation"> mutation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25053/mutations-in-the-gjb2-gene-are-the-cause-of-an-important-number-of-non-syndromic-deafness-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3106</span> Precise Identification of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Induced Mutations via Hidden Markov Model-Based Sequence Alignment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingyuan%20Hu">Jingyuan Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhandong%20Liu"> Zhandong Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CRISPR genome editing technology has transformed molecular biology by accurately targeting and altering an organism’s DNA. Despite the state-of-art precision of CRISPR genome editing, the imprecise mutation outcome and off-target effects present considerable risk, potentially leading to unintended genetic changes. Targeted deep sequencing, combined with bioinformatics sequence alignment, can detect such unwanted mutations. Nevertheless, the classical method, Needleman-Wunsch (NW) algorithm may produce false alignment outcomes, resulting in inaccurate mutation identification. The key to precisely identifying CRISPR-induced mutations lies in determining optimal parameters for the sequence alignment algorithm. Hidden Markov models (HMM) are ideally suited for this task, offering flexibility across CRISPR systems by leveraging forward-backward algorithms for parameter estimation. In this study, we introduce CRISPR-HMM, a statistical software to precisely call CRISPR-induced mutations. We demonstrate that the software significantly improves precision in identifying CRISPR-induced mutations compared to NW-based alignment, thereby enhancing the overall understanding of the CRISPR gene-editing process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRISPR" title="CRISPR">CRISPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMM" title=" HMM"> HMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequence%20alignment" title=" sequence alignment"> sequence alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20editing" title=" gene editing"> gene editing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183505/precise-identification-of-clustered-regularly-interspaced-short-palindromic-repeats-induced-mutations-via-hidden-markov-model-based-sequence-alignment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3105</span> Relationship of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutations Andserum Levels of Ligands in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolamir%20Allameh">Abdolamir Allameh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Mortaza%20Haghgoo">Seyyed Mortaza Haghgoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Khosravi"> Adnan Khosravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmaeil%20Mortaz"> Esmaeil Mortaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihan%20Pourabdollah-Toutkaboni"> Mihan Pourabdollah-Toutkaboni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharareh%20Seifi"> Sharareh Seifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) is associated with a number of gene mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The prognostic significance of mutations in exons 19 and 21, together with serum levels of EGFR, amphiregulin (AR), and Transforming Growth Factor-alpha (TGF-α) are implicated in diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of EGFR mutations in selected exons with the expression of relevant ligands in sera samples of NSCLC patients. For this, a group of NSCLC patients (n=98) referred to the hospital for lung surgery with a mean age of 59±10.5 were enrolled (M/F: 75/23). Blood specimen was collected from each patient. Besides, formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues were processed for DNA extraction. Gene mutations in exons 19 and 21 were detected by direct sequencing, following DNA amplification which was done by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Also, serum levels of EGFR, AR, and TGF-α were measured by ELISA. The results of our study show that EGFR mutations were present in 37% of Iranian NSCLC patients. The most frequently identified mutations were deletions in exon 19 (72.2%) and substitutions in exon 21 (27.8%). The most frequently identified alteration, which is considered as a rare mutation, was the E872K mutation in exon 21, which was found in 90% (9 out of 10) cases. EGFR mutation detected in exon 21 was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with the levels of its ligands, EGFR and TGF-α in serum samples. Furthermore, it was found that increased serum AR (>3pg/ml) and TGF-α (>10.5 pg/ml) were associated with shorter overall survival (P<0.05). The results clearly showed a close relationship between EGFR mutations and serum EGFR and serum TGF-α. Increased serum EGFR was associated with TGF-α and AR and linked to poor prognosis of NSCLC. These findings are implicated in clinical decision-making related to EGFR-Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title="lung cancer">lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20patients" title=" Iranian patients"> Iranian patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidermal%20growth%20factor" title=" epidermal growth factor"> epidermal growth factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation" title=" mutation"> mutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prognosis" title=" prognosis"> prognosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141945/relationship-of-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-gene-mutations-andserum-levels-of-ligands-in-non-small-cell-lung-carcinoma-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3104</span> TP53 Mutations in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer in Young Pakistani Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Naseem">Nadia Naseem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farwa%20Batool"> Farwa Batool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasir%20Mehmood"> Nasir Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AbdulHannan%20Nagi"> AbdulHannan Nagi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The incidence and mortality of breast cancer vary significantly in geographically distinct populations. In Pakistan, breast cancer has shown an increase in incidence in young females and is characterized by more aggressive behavior. The tumor suppressor TP53 gene is a crucial genetic factor that plays a significant role in breast carcinogenesis. This study investigated the TP53 mutations in molecular subtypes of both nodes negative and positive breast cancer in young Pakistani patients. Material and Methods: p53, Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Her-2 neu and Ki 67 expressions were analyzed immunohistochemically in a series of 75 node negative (A) and 75 node positive (B) young (aged: 19-40 years) breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2014 to 2017 at two leading hospitals of Punjab, Pakistan. Tumor tissue specimens and peripheral blood samples were examined for TP53 mutations by direct sequencing of the gene (exons 4-9). The relation of TP53 mutations to these markers and clinicopathological data was investigated. Results: Mean age of the patients was 32.4 + 9.1 SD. Invasive breast carcinoma was the most frequent histological variant (A=92%, B=94.6%). Grade 3 carcinoma was the commonest grade (A=72%, B=81.3%). Triple negative cases (ER-, PR-, Her-2) formed most of the molecular subtypes (A=44%, B=50.6%). A total of 17.2% (A: 6.6%, B: 10.6%) patients showed TP53 mutations. Mutations were significantly more frequent in triple negative cases (A: 74.8%, B: 62.2%) compared to HER2-positive patients (P < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis of the whole patient group, the independent prognosticator were triple negative cases (P=0.021), TP53 overexpression by IHC (P=0.001) and advanced-stage disease (P=0.007). No statistically significant correlation between TP53 mutations and clinicopathological parameters was found (P < 0.05). Conclusions: It is concluded that TP53 mutations are infrequently present in breast carcinoma of young Pakistani population and there was no significant correlation between p53 mutation and early onset disease. Immunohistochemically detected TP53 expression in our resource-constrained to set up can be beneficial in predicting mutations at the younger age in our population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunohistochemistry%20%28IHC%29" title="immunohistochemistry (IHC)">immunohistochemistry (IHC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invasive%20breast%20carcinoma%20%28IBC%29" title=" invasive breast carcinoma (IBC)"> invasive breast carcinoma (IBC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TP53" title=" TP53"> TP53</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89221/tp53-mutations-in-molecular-subtypes-of-breast-cancer-in-young-pakistani-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3103</span> Estimation of Functional Response Model by Supervised Functional Principal Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyon%20I.%20Paek">Hyon I. Paek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Rim%20Kim"> Sang Rim Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyon%20A.%20Ryu"> Hyon A. Ryu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In functional linear regression, one typical problem is to reduce dimension. Compared with multivariate linear regression, functional linear regression is regarded as an infinite-dimensional case, and the main task is to reduce dimensions of functional response and functional predictors. One common approach is to adapt functional principal component analysis (FPCA) on functional predictors and then use a few leading functional principal components (FPC) to predict the functional model. The leading FPCs estimated by the typical FPCA explain a major variation of the functional predictor, but these leading FPCs may not be mostly correlated with the functional response, so they may not be significant in the prediction for response. In this paper, we propose a supervised functional principal component analysis method for a functional response model with FPCs obtained by considering the correlation of the functional response. Our method would have a better prediction accuracy than the typical FPCA method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supervised" title="supervised">supervised</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20principal%20component%20analysis" title=" functional principal component analysis"> functional principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20response" title=" functional response"> functional response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20linear%20regression" title=" functional linear regression"> functional linear regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177071/estimation-of-functional-response-model-by-supervised-functional-principal-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3102</span> Clinical Phenotypic Characterization of the SLC26A4 Mutation in Pendred Syndrome/Nonsyndromic Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rong%20Wang">Rong Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The aim is to summarize the Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 4 (SLC26A4) mutations and clinical phenotypic characteristics of patients with Pendred syndrome/nonsyndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct (PS/NSEVA). Design: A retrospective cohort study for the Chinese population was performed to analyze the hearing test results of 406 patients with PS/NSEVA who had a SLC26A4 mutation and the relationship between inner ear imaging and audiology. Results: There was a significant difference in the mean hearing threshold in patients with biallelic mutations (M2), monoallelic mutations (M1), and nonallelic mutations (M0) and between patients with isolated vestibular aqueduct enlargement (IEVA) and patients with IEVA combined with Mondini malformation. There was no significant difference between patients with different gene mutation types or different sexes or between the width of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) and the mean hearing threshold. The degree of hearing loss was linearly correlated with age. Conclusions: We propose that the presence or absence of SLC26A4 mutation, whether combined with Mondini malformation and patient age, are essential factors affecting the degree of hearing loss in the Chinese population. However, the number and type of mutations, degree of VA expansion, and sex of the patients did not affect the clinical audiological phenotype. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20loss" title="hearing loss">hearing loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pendred%20syndrome%2Fnonsyndromic%20vestibular%20enlargement%20of%20aqueduct" title=" Pendred syndrome/nonsyndromic vestibular enlargement of aqueduct"> Pendred syndrome/nonsyndromic vestibular enlargement of aqueduct</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiologic" title=" radiologic"> radiologic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SLC26A4" title=" SLC26A4"> SLC26A4</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192537/clinical-phenotypic-characterization-of-the-slc26a4-mutation-in-pendred-syndromenonsyndromic-enlarged-vestibular-aqueduct" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3101</span> Mutational Analysis of DNase I Gene in Diabetic Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hateem%20Zafar%20Kayani">Hateem Zafar Kayani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nageen%20Hussain"> Nageen Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim is to analyze the mutations of DNASE I gene in diabetic patients. A total of 120 diabetes patients and 120 controls were sampled. The total number of male diabetic patients included in the study was 79 (66%) while female patients were 41 (34%) in number. Exon 8 of the DNASE I gene was amplified by using thermo cycler. The possible band of interest was located at 165 base pairs. Two samples showed similar missense mutations at 127th position of exon 8 which replaced amino acid Arginine (Arg) to Glutamine (Gln). All controls showed no mutations. The association of diabetes with different levels of blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were found to be significant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deoxyribonuclease%20I" title="deoxyribonuclease I">deoxyribonuclease I</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20chain%20reaction" title=" polymerase chain reaction"> polymerase chain reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulin-dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus"> insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-insulin%20dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus"> non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13013/mutational-analysis-of-dnase-i-gene-in-diabetic-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3100</span> Detection, Analysis and Determination of the Origin of Copy Number Variants (CNVs) in Intellectual Disability/Developmental Delay (ID/DD) Patients and Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Patients by Molecular and Cytogenetic Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavlina%20Capkova">Pavlina Capkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josef%20Srovnal"> Josef Srovnal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Becvarova"> Vera Becvarova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie%20Trkova"> Marie Trkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuzana%20Capkova"> Zuzana Capkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Stefekova"> Andrea Stefekova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaclava%20Curtisova"> Vaclava Curtisova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alena%20Santava"> Alena Santava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarka%20Vejvalkova"> Sarka Vejvalkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katerina%20Adamova"> Katerina Adamova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radek%20Vodicka"> Radek Vodicka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ASDs are heterogeneous and complex developmental diseases with a significant genetic background. Recurrent CNVs are known to be a frequent cause of ASD. These CNVs can have, however, a variable expressivity which results in a spectrum of phenotypes from asymptomatic to ID/DD/ASD. ASD is associated with ID in ~75% individuals. Various platforms are used to detect pathogenic mutations in the genome of these patients. The performed study is focused on a determination of the frequency of pathogenic mutations in a group of ASD patients and a group of ID/DD patients using various strategies along with a comparison of their detection rate. The possible role of the origin of these mutations in aetiology of ASD was assessed. The study included 35 individuals with ASD and 68 individuals with ID/DD (64 males and 39 females in total), who underwent rigorous genetic, neurological and psychological examinations. Screening for pathogenic mutations involved karyotyping, screening for FMR1 mutations and for metabolic disorders, a targeted MLPA test with probe mixes Telomeres 3 and 5, Microdeletion 1 and 2, Autism 1, MRX and a chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) (Illumina or Affymetrix). Chromosomal aberrations were revealed in 7 (1 in the ASD group) individuals by karyotyping. FMR1 mutations were discovered in 3 (1 in the ASD group) individuals. The detection rate of pathogenic mutations in ASD patients with a normal karyotype was 15.15% by MLPA and CMA. The frequencies of the pathogenic mutations were 25.0% by MLPA and 35.0% by CMA in ID/DD patients with a normal karyotype. CNVs inherited from asymptomatic parents were more abundant than de novo changes in ASD patients (11.43% vs. 5.71%) in contrast to the ID/DD group where de novo mutations prevailed over inherited ones (26.47% vs. 16.18%). ASD patients shared more frequently their mutations with their fathers than patients from ID/DD group (8.57% vs. 1.47%). Maternally inherited mutations predominated in the ID/DD group in comparison with the ASD group (14.7% vs. 2.86 %). CNVs of an unknown significance were found in 10 patients by CMA and in 3 patients by MLPA. Although the detection rate is the highest when using CMA, recurrent CNVs can be easily detected by MLPA. CMA proved to be more efficient in the ID/DD group where a larger spectrum of rare pathogenic CNVs was revealed. This study determined that maternally inherited highly penetrant mutations and de novo mutations more often resulted in ID/DD without ASD in patients. The paternally inherited mutations could be, however, a source of the greater variability in the genome of the ASD patients and contribute to the polygenic character of the inheritance of ASD. As the number of the subjects in the group is limited, a larger cohort is needed to confirm this conclusion. Inherited CNVs have a role in aetiology of ASD possibly in combination with additional genetic factors - the mutations elsewhere in the genome. The identification of these interactions constitutes a challenge for the future. Supported by MH CZ – DRO (FNOl, 00098892), IGA UP LF_2016_010, TACR TE02000058 and NPU LO1304. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autistic%20spectrum%20disorders" title="autistic spectrum disorders">autistic spectrum disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copy%20number%20variant" title=" copy number variant"> copy number variant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromosomal%20microarray" title=" chromosomal microarray"> chromosomal microarray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20disability" title=" intellectual disability"> intellectual disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=karyotyping" title=" karyotyping"> karyotyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MLPA" title=" MLPA"> MLPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplex%20ligation-dependent%20probe%20amplification" title=" multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification"> multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56691/detection-analysis-and-determination-of-the-origin-of-copy-number-variants-cnvs-in-intellectual-disabilitydevelopmental-delay-iddd-patients-and-autistic-spectrum-disorders-asd-patients-by-molecular-and-cytogenetic-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3099</span> Study of the Genes Involved in the Resistance of Nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Fluoroquinolone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosetta%20Moshirian%20Farahi">Rosetta Moshirian Farahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahya%20Abdi%20Ali"> Ahya Abdi Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Gharavi"> Sara Gharavi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The major mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to fluoroquinolones is the alteration of target enzymes, type II and IV topoisomerases due to mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of the gyrA and parC genes coding A subunits of these enzymes. 37 isolates from patients with burn wounds and 20 isolates from blood, urine and sputum specimen were selected to evaluate mutations involved in antibiotic resistance and were subsequently verified for their resistance to ciprofloxacin. QRDRs regions of gyrA and parC were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were subsequently sequenced. 90% of isolates with MIC≥8 µg/ml to ciprofloxacin had a mutation in gyrA gene in which threonine at position 83 changed to isoleucine. 87.5% of isolates had mutation in parC, Serine 87 changed. 75% had Ser87Leu and 12.5% possessed Serin87Trp. Various silent mutations were also detected such as Val103Val, Ala118Ala, Ala136Ala, His132His in gyrA and Ala115Ala in parC. The data indicates that the common mutation in gyrA is Thr83Ile and in parC is Ser87Leu/Trp. No individual parC mutation was observed while mutations in gyrA and parC occurred simultaneously and appears to be the main reason of high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in patients with burn wounds and urine infection. The vast majority of P.aeruginosa isolates had mutation in parC which can play a crucial role in increased resistance of these isolates. This is a report of parC mutations from resistant P. aeruginosa isolates from Iran, Tehran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20aeruginosa" title="P. aeruginosa">P. aeruginosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoroquinolones" title=" fluoroquinolones"> fluoroquinolones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gyrA" title=" gyrA"> gyrA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parC" title=" parC"> parC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20resistance" title=" antibiotic resistance "> antibiotic resistance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48488/study-of-the-genes-involved-in-the-resistance-of-nosocomial-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-to-fluoroquinolone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3098</span> Mutation Analysis of the ATP7B Gene in 43 Vietnamese Wilson’s Disease Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huong%20M.%20T.%20Nguyen">Huong M. T. Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoa%20A.%20P.%20Nguyen"> Hoa A. P. Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mai%20P.%20T.%20Nguyen"> Mai P. T. Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngoc%20D.%20Ngo"> Ngoc D. Ngo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20T.%20Ta"> Van T. Ta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hai%20T.%20Le"> Hai T. Le</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20V.%20Phan"> Chi V. Phan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the copper metabolism, which is caused by a mutation in the copper-transporting P-type ATPase (<em>ATP7B</em>). The mechanism of this disease is the failure of hepatic excretion of copper to bile, and leads to copper deposits in the liver and other organs. The <em>ATP7B</em> gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 13 (13q14.3). This study aimed to investigate the gene mutation in the Vietnamese patients with WD, and make a presymptomatic diagnosis for their familial members. Forty-three WD patients and their 65 siblings were identified as having <em>ATP7B</em> gene mutations. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples; 21 exons and exon-intron boundaries of the <em>ATP7B</em> gene were analyzed by direct sequencing. We recognized four mutations ([R723=; H724Tfs*34], V1042Cfs*79, D1027H, and IVS6+3A>G) in the sum of 20 detectable mutations, accounting for 87.2% of the total. Mutation S105* was determined to have a high rate (32.6%) in this study. The hotspot regions of <em>ATP7B</em> were found at exons 2, 16, and 8, and intron 14, in 39.6 %, 11.6 %, 9.3%, and 7 % of patients, respectively. Among nine homozygote/compound heterozygote siblings of the patients with WD, three individuals were determined as asymptomatic by screening mutations of the probands. They would begin treatment after diagnosis. In conclusion, 20 different mutations were detected in 43 WD patients. Of this number, four novel mutations were explored, including [R723=; H724Tfs*34], V1042Cfs*79, D1027H, and IVS6+3A>G. The mutation S105* is the most prevalent and has been considered as a biomarker that can be used in a rapid detection assay for diagnosis of WD patients. Exons 2, 8, and 16, and intron 14 should be screened initially for WD patients in Vietnam. Based on risk profile for WD, genetic testing for presymptomatic patients is also useful in diagnosis and treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATP7B%20gene" title="ATP7B gene">ATP7B gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation%20detection" title=" mutation detection"> mutation detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=presymptomatic%20diagnosis" title=" presymptomatic diagnosis"> presymptomatic diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vietnamese%20Wilson%E2%80%99s%20disease" title=" Vietnamese Wilson’s disease"> Vietnamese Wilson’s disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58250/mutation-analysis-of-the-atp7b-gene-in-43-vietnamese-wilsons-disease-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3097</span> Identification of Rare Mutations in Genes Involved in Monogenic Forms of Obesity and Diabetes in Obese Guadeloupean Children through Next-Generation Sequencing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydia%20Foucan">Lydia Foucan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Larifla"> Laurent Larifla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuelle%20Durand"> Emmanuelle Durand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20%20Rambhojan"> Christine Rambhojan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronique%20Dhennin"> Veronique Dhennin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Marc%20Lacorte"> Jean-Marc Lacorte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20%20Froguel"> Philippe Froguel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amelie%20Bonnefond"> Amelie Bonnefond</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the population of Guadeloupe Island (472,124 inhabitants and 80% of subjects of African descent), overweight and obesity were estimated at 23% and 9% respectively among children. High prevalence of diabetes has been reported (~10%) in the adult population. Nevertheless, no study has investigated the contribution of gene mutations to childhood obesity in this population. We aimed to investigate rare genetic mutations in genes involved in monogenic obesity or diabetes in obese Afro-Caribbean children from Guadeloupe Island using next-generation sequencing. The present investigation included unrelated obese children, from a previous study on overweight conducted in Guadeloupe Island in 2013. We sequenced coding regions of 59 genes involved in monogenic obesity or diabetes. A total of 25 obese schoolchildren (with Z-score of body mass index [BMI]: 2.0 to 2.8) were screened for rare mutations (non-synonymous, splice-site, or insertion/deletion) in 59 genes. Mean age of the study population was 12.4 ± 1.1 years. Seventeen children (68%) had insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR > 3.16). A family history of obesity (mother or father) was observed in eight children and three of the accompanying parent presented with type 2 diabetes. None of the children had gonadotrophic abnormality or mental retardation. We detected five rare heterozygous mutations, in four genes involved in monogenic obesity, in five different obese children: MC4R p.Ile301Thr and SIM1 p.Val326Thrfs*43 mutations which were pathogenic; SIM1 p.Ser343Pro and SH2B1 p.Pro90His mutations which were likely pathogenic; and NTRK2 p.Leu140Phe that was of uncertain significance. In parallel, we identified seven carriers of mutation in ABCC8 or KCNJ11 (involved in monogenic diabetes), which were of uncertain significance (KCNJ11 p.Val13Met, KCNJ11 p.Val151Met, ABCC8 p.Lys1521Asn and ABCC8 p.Ala625Val). Rare pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations, linked to severe obesity were detected in more than 15% of this Afro-Caribbean population at high risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood%20obesity" title="childhood obesity">childhood obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MC4R" title=" MC4R"> MC4R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monogenic%20obesity" title=" monogenic obesity"> monogenic obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIM1" title=" SIM1"> SIM1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86920/identification-of-rare-mutations-in-genes-involved-in-monogenic-forms-of-obesity-and-diabetes-in-obese-guadeloupean-children-through-next-generation-sequencing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3096</span> Systematic Identification of Noncoding Cancer Driver Somatic Mutations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohar%20Manber">Zohar Manber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ran%20Elkon"> Ran Elkon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accumulation of somatic mutations (SMs) in the genome is a major driving force of cancer development. Most SMs in the tumor's genome are functionally neutral; however, some cause damage to critical processes and provide the tumor with a selective growth advantage (termed cancer driver mutations). Current research on functional significance of SMs is mainly focused on finding alterations in protein coding sequences. However, the exome comprises only 3% of the human genome, and thus, SMs in the noncoding genome significantly outnumber those that map to protein-coding regions. Although our understanding of noncoding driver SMs is very rudimentary, it is likely that disruption of regulatory elements in the genome is an important, yet largely underexplored mechanism by which somatic mutations contribute to cancer development. The expression of most human genes is controlled by multiple enhancers, and therefore, it is conceivable that regulatory SMs are distributed across different enhancers of the same target gene. Yet, to date, most statistical searches for regulatory SMs have considered each regulatory element individually, which may reduce statistical power. The first challenge in considering the cumulative activity of all the enhancers of a gene as a single unit is to map enhancers to their target promoters. Such mapping defines for each gene its set of regulating enhancers (termed "set of regulatory elements" (SRE)). Considering multiple enhancers of each gene as one unit holds great promise for enhancing the identification of driver regulatory SMs. However, the success of this approach is greatly dependent on the availability of comprehensive and accurate enhancer-promoter (E-P) maps. To date, the discovery of driver regulatory SMs has been hindered by insufficient sample sizes and statistical analyses that often considered each regulatory element separately. In this study, we analyzed more than 2,500 whole-genome sequence (WGS) samples provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) in order to identify such driver regulatory SMs. Our analyses took into account the combinatorial aspect of gene regulation by considering all the enhancers that control the same target gene as one unit, based on E-P maps from three genomics resources. The identification of candidate driver noncoding SMs is based on their recurrence. We searched for SREs of genes that are "hotspots" for SMs (that is, they accumulate SMs at a significantly elevated rate). To test the statistical significance of recurrence of SMs within a gene's SRE, we used both global and local background mutation rates. Using this approach, we detected - in seven different cancer types - numerous "hotspots" for SMs. To support the functional significance of these recurrent noncoding SMs, we further examined their association with the expression level of their target gene (using gene expression data provided by the ICGC and TCGA for samples that were also analyzed by WGS). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20genomics" title="cancer genomics">cancer genomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhancers" title=" enhancers"> enhancers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noncoding%20genome" title=" noncoding genome"> noncoding genome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulatory%20elements" title=" regulatory elements "> regulatory elements </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121517/systematic-identification-of-noncoding-cancer-driver-somatic-mutations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3095</span> Dual-functional Peptide With Defective Interfering Genes Protecting Mice From Avian and Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanjun%20Zhao">Hanjun Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Limited efficacy of current antivirals and antiviral-resistant mutations impair anti-influenza treatment. Here, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antiviral effect of three defective interfering genes (DIG-3) of influenza virus. Virus replication was significantly reduced in 293T and A549 cells transfected with DIG-3. Mice transfected with DIG-3 encoded by jetPEI-vector, as prophylaxis and therapeutics against A(H7N7) virus respectively, had significantly better survivals (80% and 50%) than control mice (0%). We further developed a dual-functional peptide TAT-P1, which delivers DIG-3 with high transfection efficiency and concomitantly exerts antiviral activity by preventing endosomal acidification. TAT-P1/DIG-3 was more effective than jetPEI/DIG-3 in treating A(H7N7) or A(H1N1)pdm09-infected mice and showed potent prophylactic protection on A(H7N7) or A(H1N1)pdm09-infected mice. The addition of P1 peptide, preventing endosomal acidification, could enhance the protection of TAT-P1/DIG-3 on A(H1N1)pdm09-infected mice. Dual-functional TAT-P1 with DIG-3 can effectively protect or treat mice infected by avian and seasonal influenza virus infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiviral%20peptide" title="antiviral peptide">antiviral peptide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-functional%20peptide" title=" dual-functional peptide"> dual-functional peptide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defective%20interfering%20genes" title=" defective interfering genes"> defective interfering genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza%20virus" title=" influenza virus"> influenza virus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98170/dual-functional-peptide-with-defective-interfering-genes-protecting-mice-from-avian-and-seasonal-influenza-virus-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3094</span> DNpro: A Deep Learning Network Approach to Predicting Protein Stability Changes Induced by Single-Site Mutations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Zhou">Xiao Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianlin%20Cheng"> Jianlin Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A single amino acid mutation can have a significant impact on the stability of protein structure. Thus, the prediction of protein stability change induced by single site mutations is critical and useful for studying protein function and structure. Here, we presented a deep learning network with the dropout technique for predicting protein stability changes upon single amino acid substitution. While using only protein sequence as input, the overall prediction accuracy of the method on a standard benchmark is >85%, which is higher than existing sequence-based methods and is comparable to the methods that use not only protein sequence but also tertiary structure, pH value and temperature. The results demonstrate that deep learning is a promising technique for protein stability prediction. The good performance of this sequence-based method makes it a valuable tool for predicting the impact of mutations on most proteins whose experimental structures are not available. Both the downloadable software package and the user-friendly web server (DNpro) that implement the method for predicting protein stability changes induced by amino acid mutations are freely available for the community to use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title="bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20stability%20prediction" title=" protein stability prediction"> protein stability prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20data%20mining" title=" biological data mining"> biological data mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48058/dnpro-a-deep-learning-network-approach-to-predicting-protein-stability-changes-induced-by-single-site-mutations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3093</span> Studies on Knockdown Resistance Mutations in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neera%20Kapoor">Neera Kapoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Knockdown Resistance (KDR) is one of the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in insects caused by the reduced target site sensitivity i.e. voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) rendering it less sensitive to the toxic effects of DDT and pyrethroids. In this study, we evaluated insecticide susceptibility and its underlying KDR mechanism in eight Ae. aegypti and five Ae. albopictus field populations. Methodology: Field population was collected from four different geographical regions of India covering 18 districts of ten states. For genotyping of twelve KDR alleles in Ae. aegypti field populations, three PCR based assays were used; with DNA sequencing; ASPCR; PCR-RFLP. Genomic DNA was isolated, and three partial domains (II, III, and IV) of VGSC were amplified and sequenced. Results: Molecular screening for common KDR mutations, revealed the presence of five mutations viz. S989P, V1016G, T1520I, F1534C/L. Two novel mutations were observed, first at T1520 (ACC) residue where a C > T substitution at the second position of codon results in amino acid change to Isoleucine (ATC). Second mutation was an alternative point mutation at F1534 (TTC) residue where a substitution of T > C at the first position of codon results in an amino acid change to Leucine (CTC). ASPCRs were not accurate, so three PCR-RFLP assays were developed for genotyping of five KDR alleles in Ae. aegypti; viz. T1520I, F1534C/L. Representative samples of all genotypes (n=200) were sequenced to validate the newly developed PCR based assays for Ae. aegypti. Genotyping results showed that 989P is linked to 1016G and novel mutation 1520I was always found with 1534C allele. Conclusion: Present study confirmed the presence of DDT and pyrethroid resistance among Ae. aegypti populations in India and for the first time reported KDR mutations in this species from India including two novel mutations. Results of present study lead us to infer that, at least five KDR mutations (S989P, V1016G, T1530I, F1534C, and F1534L) can be seen as a potential marker for DDT/pyrethroid resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F1534C" title="F1534C">F1534C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F1534L" title=" F1534L"> F1534L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S989P" title=" S989P"> S989P</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T1530I" title=" T1530I"> T1530I</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V1016G" title=" V1016G"> V1016G</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74533/studies-on-knockdown-resistance-mutations-in-aedes-aegypti-and-aedes-albopictus-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn 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