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class="mw-page-title-main">Greek Orthodox Church</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grieks-Ortodokse_Kerk" title="Grieks-Ortodokse Kerk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grieks-Ortodokse Kerk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechisch-orthodoxe_Kirche" title="Griechisch-orthodoxe Kirche – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Griechisch-orthodoxe Kirche" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B3" title="كنيسة الروم الأرثوذكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كنيسة الروم الأرثوذكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="গ্রিক সনাতনপন্থী মণ্ডলী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রিক সনাতনপন্থী মণ্ডলী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B5" title="Грэчаскае праваслаўе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грэчаскае праваслаўе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98eck%C3%A1_pravoslavn%C3%A1_c%C3%ADrkev" title="Řecká pravoslavná církev – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řecká pravoslavná církev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Eglwys_Uniongred_Roegaidd" title="Yr Eglwys Uniongred Roegaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Eglwys Uniongred Roegaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechisch-orthodoxe_Kirche" title="Griechisch-orthodoxe Kirche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Griechisch-orthodoxe Kirche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeka_%C3%95igeusu_Kirik" title="Kreeka Õigeusu Kirik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kreeka Õigeusu Kirik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B7_%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ελληνική Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελληνική Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greke_Ortodoksa_Eklezio" title="Greke Ortodoksa Eklezio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Greke Ortodoksa Eklezio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B3_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کلیسای ارتدکس یونانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای ارتدکس یونانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glises_orthodoxes_de_culture_grecque" title="Églises orthodoxes de culture grecque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Églises orthodoxes de culture grecque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gryksk-Otterdokse_Tsjerke" title="Gryksk-Otterdokse Tsjerke – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gryksk-Otterdokse Tsjerke" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A0%95%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="그리스 정교회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그리스 정교회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%B6_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%BC_%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հույն ուղղափառ եկեղեցիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հույն ուղղափառ եկեղեցիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Yunani" title="Gereja Ortodoks Yunani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gereja Ortodoks Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_greco-ortodossa" title="Chiesa greco-ortodossa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa greco-ortodossa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="נצרות יוונית-אורתודוקסית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נצרות יוונית-אורתודוקסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grieks-Orthodoxie" title="Grieks-Orthodoxie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Grieks-Orthodoxie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6r%C3%B6g_ortodox_egyh%C3%A1z" title="Görög ortodox egyház – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Görög ortodox egyház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiangonana_%C3%94rt%C3%B4d%C3%B4ksa_Grika" title="Fiangonana Ôrtôdôksa Grika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiangonana Ôrtôdôksa Grika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AD" title="ഗ്രീക്ക് ഓർത്തഡോക്‌സ് സഭ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രീക്ക് ഓർത്തഡോക്‌സ് സഭ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B3" title="كنائس الروم الارثوذكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كنائس الروم الارثوذكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Yunani" title="Gereja Ortodoks Yunani – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gereja Ortodoks Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="ギリシャ正教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギリシャ正教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_gresk-ortodokse_kirke" title="Den gresk-ortodokse kirke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den gresk-ortodokse kirke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greckie_prawos%C5%82awie" title="Greckie prawosławie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Greckie prawosławie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igreja_Ortodoxa_Grega" title="Igreja Ortodoxa Grega – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Igreja Ortodoxa Grega" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Греческое православие – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Греческое православие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisha_Ortodokse_Greke" title="Kisha Ortodokse Greke – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kisha Ortodokse Greke" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greek Orthodox Church" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9ckopravosl%C3%A1vna_cirkev" title="Gréckopravoslávna cirkev – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gréckopravoslávna cirkev" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreikkalaisortodoksinen_kirkko" title="Kreikkalaisortodoksinen kirkko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kreikkalaisortodoksinen kirkko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekisk-ortodoxa_kyrkan" title="Grekisk-ortodoxa kyrkan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grekisk-ortodoxa kyrkan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbahang_Griyegong_Ortodokso" title="Simbahang Griyegong Ortodokso – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Simbahang Griyegong Ortodokso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D3%A3" title="Калисои ортодоксии румӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Калисои ортодоксии румӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rum_Ortodoks_Kilisesi" title="Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%27%D1%8F" title="Грецьке православ'я – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грецьке православ'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="یونانی راسخ الاعتقاد کلیسیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونانی راسخ الاعتقاد کلیسیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_th%E1%BB%91ng_gi%C3%A1o_Hy_L%E1%BA%A1p" title="Chính thống giáo Hy Lạp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chính thống giáo Hy Lạp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="希臘正教會 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希臘正教會" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7970362#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the term. For the Eastern Orthodox Church in Greece, see <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece">Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece</a>. For the main independent Eastern Orthodox church in Greece, see <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Greek Orthodox Church (disambiguation)">Greek Orthodox Church (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b>Greek Orthodox Church</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία</span>, <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[elinorˈθoðoksi<span class="wrap"> </span>ekliˈsia]</a></span>) is a term that can refer to any one of three classes of Christian churches, each associated in some way with <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Greece">Greek Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Greek_Christians" title="Antiochian Greek Christians">Levantine Arabic-speaking Christians</a> or more broadly the rite used in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a>. </p><p>The broader meaning refers to "the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">entire body of Orthodox (Chalcedonian) Christianity</a>, sometimes also called 'Eastern Orthodox', 'Greek Catholic', or generally 'the Greek Church<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second, narrower meaning refers to "any of several <a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">independent</a> churches within the worldwide communion of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">(Eastern) Orthodox Christianity</a> that retain the use of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a> in formal <a href="/wiki/Sacred_language#Christianity" title="Sacred language">ecclesiastical settings</a>". In this sense, the Greek Orthodox Churches are the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> and its dependencies, the Patriarchates of <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Antioch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Church of Cyprus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third meaning refers to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a>, an Eastern Orthodox Church operating within the modern borders of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, the term "Greek Orthodox" has been used to describe all Eastern Orthodox churches, since the term "Greek" can refer to the heritage of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Millar_2006_279_pages_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar_2006_279_pages-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first eight centuries of Christian history, most major intellectual, cultural, and social developments in the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Christian Church</a> took place in the Byzantine Empire or its <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_commonwealth" title="Byzantine commonwealth">sphere of influence</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Millar_2006_279_pages_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millar_2006_279_pages-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the Greek language was widely spoken and used for most theological writings. The empire's capital, <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, was an early important center of Christianity, and its liturgical practices, traditions, and doctrines were gradually adopted throughout <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>, still providing the basic patterns of contemporary Orthodoxy.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, Eastern Orthodox came to be called "Greek" Orthodox in the same way that Western Christians came to be called <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_(term)" title="Roman Catholic (term)">"Roman" Catholic</a>. However, the appellation "Greek" was abandoned by the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic peoples">Slavic</a> and other Eastern Orthodox churches as part of their peoples' <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">national awakenings</a>, beginning as early as the 10th century A.D.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, by the early 21st century, generally only those churches most closely tied to <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Greek</a> or Byzantine culture and ethnicity were called "Greek Orthodox" in common parlance.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Greek Orthodoxy has also been defined as a religious tradition rooted in preserving the Greek identity.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, U.S. government estimated that 81-90% of the population of Greece identified as Greek Orthodox.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Greek Orthodox churches are descendants of churches which the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> founded in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> during the first century A.D.,<sup id="cite_ref-ChafetzEbaugh2000_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChafetzEbaugh2000-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BruyneelPadgett2003_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BruyneelPadgett2003-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HubbardHatfield2007_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HubbardHatfield2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Plummer2012_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plummer2012-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DyrnessKärkkäinen2009_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DyrnessKärkkäinen2009-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Campbell2010_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell2010-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doniger1999_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doniger1999-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as maintainers of many ancient church traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Doniger1999_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doniger1999-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Churches">Churches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Greek Orthodox Church">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Greek+Orthodox+Church%22">"Greek Orthodox Church"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Greek+Orthodox+Church%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Greek+Orthodox+Church%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Greek+Orthodox+Church%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Greek+Orthodox+Church%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Greek+Orthodox+Church%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The four <a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">ancient patriarchates</a>: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>, headed by the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, who is also the "<a href="/wiki/Primus_inter_pares" title="Primus inter pares">first among equals</a>" of the Eastern Orthodox Church <ul><li>The semi-autonomous <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Crete" title="Church of Crete">Archdiocese of Crete</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_America" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Australia" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Canada" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Canada">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Canada</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Thyateira_and_Great_Britain" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch">Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Australia,_New_Zealand_and_the_Philippines" title="Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines">Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines</a></li> <li>The Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Buenos Aires and All Argentina</li> <li>The Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of France, Western and Southern Europe</li> <li>The Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Germany and Central Europe</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Mexico,_Venezuela,_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Mexico, Venezuela, Central America and the Caribbean">Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Mexico, Venezuela, Central America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Christian_Archdiocese_of_North_America" title="Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America">Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of North America</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Santiago_and_All_Chile" title="Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Santiago and All Chile">Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Santiago and All Chile</a></li> <li>The Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of São Paulo and All Brazil</li> <li>The Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of the British Isles and Ireland</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem</a> <ul><li>The autonomous <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sinai" title="Church of Sinai">Church of Sinai</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephaly</a> defended at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Church of Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li>A modern autocephalous church: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Religion in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East-West_Schism" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West Schism">East-West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">History of the Eastern Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodoxy">Russian Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayhurum" title="Hayhurum">Hayhurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Greece" title="Catholic Church in Greece">Catholic Church in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_days_in_Greece" title="Name days in Greece">Name days in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDemetrios_[Trakatellis]2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Demetrios [Trakatellis] (2010). "Orthodox Churches, Eastern: Greek Orthodox Church and Its Theology". In Patte, Daniel (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 895. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52785-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52785-9"><bdi>978-0-521-52785-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Orthodox+Churches%2C+Eastern%3A+Greek+Orthodox+Church+and+Its+Theology&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Dictionary+of+Christianity&rft.pages=895&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52785-9&rft.au=Demetrios+%5BTrakatellis%5D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd1999" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, Kelly (August 8, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JBqWbDmFsfEC&q=Yunastan&pg=PA159"><i>Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781884964336" title="Special:BookSources/9781884964336"><bdi>9781884964336</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Historians+and+Historical+Writing&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999-08-08&rft.isbn=9781884964336&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJBqWbDmFsfEC%26q%3DYunastan%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Pears" title="Edwin Pears">Edwin Pears</a>, <i>The Destruction of the Greek Empire and the Story of the Capture of Constantinople by the Turks,</i> Haskell House, 1968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Millar_2006_279_pages-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Millar_2006_279_pages_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millar_2006_279_pages_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillar2006" class="citation book cs1">Millar, Fergus (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greekromanempire00ferg/page/279"><i>A Greek Roman Empire : Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408-450)</i></a>. University of California Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greekromanempire00ferg/page/279">279 pages</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-24703-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-24703-5"><bdi>0-520-24703-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Greek+Roman+Empire+%3A+Power+and+Belief+under+Theodosius+II+%28408-450%29&rft.pages=279+pages&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-520-24703-5&rft.aulast=Millar&rft.aufirst=Fergus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreekromanempire00ferg%2Fpage%2F279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tanner, Norman P. <i>The Councils of the Church,</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8245-1904-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8245-1904-3">0-8245-1904-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Byzantine legacy in the Orthodox Church</i> by John Meyendorff - 1982</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugh Wybrew, <i>The Orthodox Liturgy: The Development of the Eucharistic Liturgy in the Byzantine Rite</i> - 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Christian Churches of the East,</i> Vol. II: <i>Churches Not in Communion with Rome</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Attwater" title="Donald Attwater">Donald Attwater</a> - 1962</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J Meyendorff, <i>Byzantine Theology: Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes</i> (1987)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joan_M._Hussey" title="Joan M. Hussey">Joan Mervyn Hussey</a>, <i>The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire,</i> 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVlasto1970" class="citation book cs1">Vlasto, A. P. (1970). <i>The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521074592" title="Special:BookSources/0521074592"><bdi>0521074592</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/637411069">637411069</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Entry+of+the+Slavs+into+Christendom%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Medieval+History+of+the+Slavs&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F637411069&rft.isbn=0521074592&rft.aulast=Vlasto&rft.aufirst=A.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPantev2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pantev, Andrey Lazarov (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kO6gAAAAMAAJ"><i>Българска история в европейски контекст</i></a> (in Bulgarian). IK "Khristo Botev". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9544456708" title="Special:BookSources/9544456708"><bdi>9544456708</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45153811">45153811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82&rft.pub=IK+%22Khristo+Botev%22&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45153811&rft.isbn=9544456708&rft.aulast=Pantev&rft.aufirst=Andrey+Lazarov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkO6gAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/questions/namerica/greek-orthodox-and-russian-orthodox">"Greek Orthodox and Russian Orthodox - Questions & Answers"</a>. <i>www.oca.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oca.org&rft.atitle=Greek+Orthodox+and+Russian+Orthodox+-+Questions+%26+Answers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Fquestions%2Fnamerica%2Fgreek-orthodox-and-russian-orthodox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaloutos1973" class="citation journal cs1">Saloutos, Theodore (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3002553">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Greek Orthodox Church in the United States and Assimilation."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The International Migration Review</i>. <b>7</b> (4): 395–407. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3002553">10.2307/3002553</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3002553">3002553</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Migration+Review&rft.atitle=%22The+Greek+Orthodox+Church+in+the+United+States+and+Assimilation.%22&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=395-407&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3002553&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3002553%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Saloutos&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F3002553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US2022-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-US2022_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/greece">US State Dept 2022 report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChafetzEbaugh2000-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChafetzEbaugh2000_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanet_Saltzman_ChafetzHelen_Rose_Ebaugh2000" class="citation book cs1">Janet Saltzman Chafetz; Helen Rose Ebaugh (18 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AT57AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA155"><i>Religion and the New Immigrants: Continuities and Adaptations in Immigrant Congregations</i></a>. AltaMira Press. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-1712-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-1712-9"><bdi>978-0-7591-1712-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>The distinctive characteristics of the Greek Orthodox Church are its sense of continuity with the ancient Church of Christ and the Apostles and its changelessness. The Orthodox church traces its existence, through the ordination of Bishops, directly back to the Apostles and through them to Jesus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+the+New+Immigrants%3A+Continuities+and+Adaptations+in+Immigrant+Congregations&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=AltaMira+Press&rft.date=2000-10-18&rft.isbn=978-0-7591-1712-9&rft.au=Janet+Saltzman+Chafetz&rft.au=Helen+Rose+Ebaugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAT57AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BruyneelPadgett2003-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BruyneelPadgett2003_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSally_BruyneelAlan_G._Padgett2003" class="citation book cs1">Sally Bruyneel; Alan G. Padgett (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HhratxerbcwC&pg=PA7"><i>Introducing Christianity</i></a>. Orbis Books. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60833-134-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60833-134-5"><bdi>978-1-60833-134-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>The Eastern Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Churches are the oldest with roots going back to the earliest Christian groups.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+Christianity&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Orbis+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-60833-134-5&rft.au=Sally+Bruyneel&rft.au=Alan+G.+Padgett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHhratxerbcwC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HubbardHatfield2007-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HubbardHatfield2007_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_Jerome_HubbardJohn_T._HatfieldJames_A._Santucci2007" class="citation book cs1">Benjamin Jerome Hubbard; John T. Hatfield; James A. Santucci (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UWBIuX7TPk8C&pg=PA63"><i>An Educator's Classroom Guide to America's Religious Beliefs and Practices</i></a>. Libraries Unlimited. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59158-409-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59158-409-4"><bdi>978-1-59158-409-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>The Orthodox Church traces its origins to the churches founded by the apostles in the Middle East and the Balkans in the first century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Educator%27s+Classroom+Guide+to+America%27s+Religious+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Libraries+Unlimited&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59158-409-4&rft.au=Benjamin+Jerome+Hubbard&rft.au=John+T.+Hatfield&rft.au=James+A.+Santucci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUWBIuX7TPk8C%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plummer2012-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Plummer2012_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_L._Plummer2012" class="citation book cs1">Robert L. Plummer (6 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IMhir6agIEcC&pg=PT128"><i>Journeys of Faith: Evangelicalism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Anglicanism</i></a>. Zondervan. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-41671-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-41671-5"><bdi>978-0-310-41671-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>Catholicism holds that if a Church claims to be Christian, then it must be able to show that its leaders-its bishops and its presbyters (or priests)- are successors of the apostles. That is why the Catholic Church accepts Eastern Orthodox ordinations and sacraments as valid, even though Eastern Orthodoxy is not in full communion with Rome.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journeys+of+Faith%3A+Evangelicalism%2C+Eastern+Orthodoxy%2C+Catholicism+and+Anglicanism&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2012-03-06&rft.isbn=978-0-310-41671-5&rft.au=Robert+L.+Plummer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIMhir6agIEcC%26pg%3DPT128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DyrnessKärkkäinen2009-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DyrnessKärkkäinen2009_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_A._DyrnessVeli-Matti_Kärkkäinen2009" class="citation book cs1">William A. Dyrness; Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen (25 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ncqkZnDSeo4C&pg=PA244"><i>Global Dictionary of Theology: A Resource for the Worldwide Church</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-7811-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-7811-6"><bdi>978-0-8308-7811-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>This connection is apparent through the historical succession of bishops of churches in a particular geographic locale and by fidelity to the teachings of the apostles (cf. Acts 2:42) and life as it developed in the patristic tradition and was articulated by the seven ecumenical councils.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Dictionary+of+Theology%3A+A+Resource+for+the+Worldwide+Church&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2009-09-25&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-7811-6&rft.au=William+A.+Dyrness&rft.au=Veli-Matti+K%C3%A4rkk%C3%A4inen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DncqkZnDSeo4C%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell2010-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell2010_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeidi_Campbell2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Heidi_A_Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidi A Campbell">Heidi Campbell</a> (22 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UqOKUVsazmkC&pg=PA13"><i>When Religion Meets New Media</i></a>. Routledge. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-69537-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-69537-1"><bdi>978-0-203-69537-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>There are three branches within Christianity: Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant. ... The Christian church draws its lineage and roots from the time of Jesus Christ and the apostles in CE 25–30 and the birth of the Church at Pentecost in ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Religion+Meets+New+Media&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010-03-22&rft.isbn=978-0-203-69537-1&rft.au=Heidi+Campbell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUqOKUVsazmkC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doniger1999-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doniger1999_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doniger1999_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWendy_Doniger1999" class="citation book cs1">Wendy Doniger (January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA309"><i>Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions</i></a>. Merriam-Webster. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0"><bdi>978-0-87779-044-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>EASTERN ORTHODOXY, one of the major branches of CHRISTIANITY, characterized by its continuity with the apostolic church, its liturgy, and its territorial churches.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1999-01&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-044-0&rft.au=Wendy+Doniger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZP_f9icf2roC%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aderny, Walter F. <i>The Greek and Eastern Churches</i> (1908) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YQ4QAAAAYAAJ">online</a></li> <li>Constantelos, Demetrios J. <i>Understanding the Greek Orthodox church: its faith, history, and practice</i> (Seabury Press, 1982)</li> <li>Fortesque, Adrian. <i>The Orthodox Eastern Church</i> (1929)</li> <li>Hussey, Joan Mervyn. <i>The orthodox church in the Byzantine empire</i> (Oxford University Press, 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/93808782/the-orthodox-church-in-the-byzantine-empire">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801043209/https://www.questia.com/library/93808782/the-orthodox-church-in-the-byzantine-empire">Archived</a> 2020-08-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Kephala, Euphrosyne. <i>The Church of the Greek People Past and Present</i> (1930)</li> <li>Latourette, Kenneth Scott. <i>Christianity in a Revolutionary Age, II: The Nineteenth Century in Europe: The Protestant and Eastern Churches.</i> (1959) 2: 479–484; <i>Christianity in a Revolutionary Age, IV: The Twentieth Century in Europe: The Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Churches</i> (1958)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuckin" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_McGuckin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Anthony McGuckin">McGuckin, John Anthony</a> (ed.). <i>The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity</i>. Vol. 2 vols. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Eastern+Orthodox+Christianity&rft.pub=%28Wiley-Blackwell%2C+2011%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+Orthodox+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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title="Template talk:Greek Orthodox Church footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_Orthodox_Church_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek Orthodox Church footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greek_Orthodox_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greek Orthodox Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Patriarchate of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Patriarchate of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg.png 1.5x, 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Crete" title="Church of Crete">Church of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sinai" title="Church of Sinai">Church of Sinai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(33%E2%80%93717)" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (33–717)">33–717 AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(717%E2%80%931204)" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (717–1204)">717–1204 AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(1204%E2%80%931453)" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (1204–1453)">1204–1453 AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(1453%E2%80%931821)" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (1453–1821)">1453–1821 AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(1821%E2%80%931924)" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (1821–1924)">1821–1924 AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(1924%E2%80%931974)" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (1924–1974)">1924–1974 AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(1974%E2%80%932008)" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (1974–2008)">1974–2008 AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece_(from_2008)" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (from 2008)">Since 2008 AD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7970362#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7970362#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7970362#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122708852">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/52151110699237061587">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50002384">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Orthodoxos Ekklēsia tēs Hellados"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0086376&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266115305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greek_Orthodox_Church&oldid=1256959111">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greek_Orthodox_Church&oldid=1256959111</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_Orthodoxy" title="Category:Greek Orthodoxy">Greek Orthodoxy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Europe" title="Category:Eastern Orthodoxy in 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