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<li id="toc-Founding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Founding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_Republic_of_Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_Republic_of_Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Fourth Republic of Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_Republic_of_Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="toc-United_States_sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>United States sanctions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management_of_food_and_basic_goods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management_of_food_and_basic_goods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Management of food and basic goods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management_of_food_and_basic_goods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trafficking_between_borders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trafficking_between_borders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Trafficking between borders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trafficking_between_borders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_and_mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_and_mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Military and mining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_and_mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Bolivarian National Guard of Venezuela</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Guardia Nacional Bolivariana de Venezuela</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Emblem_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg/170px-Emblem_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Emblem_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg/255px-Emblem_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Emblem_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg/340px-Emblem_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="551" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">National Guard emblem</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1937<span class="noprint">; 87 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1937</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Bolivarian_Armed_Forces_of_Venezuela" title="National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela">National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">Military police</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a>, forestry protection, civil defense, public order and safety, border control, highway security, coastal security</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">23,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data">Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Interior and Justice</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Centinelas Permanentes de la Patria</i><br /> <b>The Fatherland's Permanent Sentries</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Patron</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Rosary_of_Chiquinquir%C3%A1" title="Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá">Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">El honor es su divisa</i><br /><i>Honor is its emblem</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data">Maroon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Anniversaries</th><td class="infobox-data">August 4, National Guard Day</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Minister of Defense</th><td class="infobox-data">Major General <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Padrino_L%C3%B3pez" title="Vladimir Padrino López">Vladimir Padrino López</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Commanding General of the National Guard</th><td class="infobox-data">Major General Elio Ramón Estrada Paredes<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Flag</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg/155px-Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="155" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg/233px-Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg/310px-Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="637" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Bolivarian National Guard of Venezuela</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Guardia Nacional Bolivariana de Venezuela</i> - GNB), is a <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a> component of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bolivarian_Armed_Forces_of_Venezuela" title="National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela">National Armed Forces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>. The national guard can serve as gendarmerie, perform <a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">civil defense</a> roles, or serve as a reserve light <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> force. The national guard was founded on 4 August 1937 by the then <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President of the Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/General-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="General-in-Chief">General-in-Chief</a> <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_L%C3%B3pez_Contreras" title="Eleazar López Contreras">Eleazar López Contreras</a>. The motto of the GNB is <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">"El Honor es su divisa"</i></span> ("Honor is its emblem"), slightly different from the motto of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Civil Guard">Spanish Civil Guard</a> <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">"El Honor es mi divisa"</i></span> ("Honor is my emblem"). </p><p>The branch is recognized for its <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations">human rights violations</a> under the Bolivarian government and its alleged involvement in international drug trafficking through the <a href="/wiki/Cartel_of_the_Suns" title="Cartel of the Suns">Cartel of the Suns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Guard traces its roots to the gendarmerie and rural police formations organized in 1811 by the National Government and in the subsequent National Police Guard raised in 1841 by President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez">José Antonio Páez</a>, both later disbanded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1934, the Defense Minister General in Chief Eleazar López Contreras, busy with the preparations for his own presidency and in his duty of creating and expanding the national army and navy, realized the long need of public security in a time of civil unrest under President <a href="/wiki/Juan_Vicente_G%C3%B3mez" title="Juan Vicente Gómez">Juan Vicente Gómez</a>, in their meetings during that year. In the middle of the year, he had conversations with Venezuelan diplomat <a href="/wiki/Rufino_Blanco_Fombona" title="Rufino Blanco Fombona">Rufino Blanco Fombona</a>, who suggested forming a national <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a> modeled on the successes of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Spanish Civil Guard</a> and on the <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian Civil Guard">Peruvian Civil Guard</a>, as well as the various other police forces in South America. </p><p>Thus the idea of forming the National Guard was born. </p><p>On August 31, 1934, the Ministry of War and Navy Resolution no. 188 created the Technical Services School, located in Fort Paez, <a href="/wiki/Maracay" title="Maracay">Maracay</a>. The school trained technical service personnel in military technologies and public security. Its Special Classes course arrived the next year. </p><p>Upon the death of General Gomez on December 17, 1935, Lopez Contreas became president. The next year, as Commander in Chief of the armed forces, he ordered the raising of a National Frontier Police to protect the national borders and raised mounted security units to protect the peace in the Venezuelan plains. In that same year, a Spanish military mission arrived to help form and train a fully national police force, led by Captain Cecillo Suarez of the Civil Guard. The Technical Services School's Special Classes, by that year, moved to <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, became independent and on September 16, 1935, was disbanded. The next day a Presidential decree ordered the formation of the Public Security Agents Formation School. It opened in Villa Zolia, Caracas on October 28 the same year, with Captain Suarez as its principal guest. His speech implied the basic principles of the future national police force: As "sentinels of the people", a part of the armed forces as a public order and security service, maintaining the law and order, defending social lives and to become the "armed shoulder of the Executive Power" and as an intervening force in times of disorder. </p><p>On August 4, 1937, the National Guard was raised via a Presidential Decree of President Eleazar López Contreras, published in the Official Gazette. The presidential decree divided the National Guard into the National Guard of the Interior (subdivided into the Highway, Rural, Health, and Urban Services) and the Frontier National Guard, and set its joint command structure under the Ministries of War and Navy and of the Interior and Justice, absorbing into the new service the personnel of the National Frontier Police. As a national police force, it was also mandated to have its own investigations service as well. As a result, the PSAFS became first the National Police Academy and later the National Public Security Academy. On its first graduation on October 12, 1937, Sgt. Martin Torres gave an emotional address to his fellow graduates and to the honorary guests, thanking the Government and the Spanish military mission for forming the new service. The Mission organized the new service until 1941 and thus completed the Charter of the National Guard (based on the Charter of the Civil Guard), with its motto, "Honor is Its Emblem" (based on the Spanish Civil Guard motto). The first National Guard station opened in <a href="/wiki/Tachira" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachira">Tachira</a> on December 6 the same year. </p><p>In 1938, Congress passed the National Security Service Law. On November 8, Major Francisco de Paula Angarita Arvelo, <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Army">Venezuelan Army</a>, was appointed the first Commanding General of the National Guard, thus the National Guard became an independent arm of the Army. In 1940 the first officer training course was commenced. The service was hit hard by a 1941 reduction but debuted, with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> of the United States, the Military and Police Intelligence Training courses, in 1944. In the same year, via General Orders 16 on April 13 that same year, its joint command structure and duties were amended and the service was formed into a brigade-sized formation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_Republic_of_Venezuela">Fourth Republic of Venezuela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fourth Republic of Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1945, the service defended the government of President Isaias Medina Angarita against a coup. In the aftermath, now Lieutenant Torres assumed the leadership of the National Guard becoming the first National Guard officer to become the commanding general, and the service adopted the green uniforms of the Venezuelan Army, abandoning its earlier blue uniforms. Several of the officers of the service had earlier served in the Army before, and in the earlier days, the officer corps was made up of Army officers seconded into the service. </p><p>In 1946, it became the Armed Forces of Cooperation. The National Guard Academy and the National Guardsmen Formation School were both created that year. The National Guard held its first officers' graduation in 1947 at its Villa Zolia campus. </p><p>A Chilean military mission led by the <a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Carabineros de Chile</a> helped reorganize the National Guard in the same year. Partly as a result it later expanded its responsibilities in the 1950s to include penitentiary protection and security, maritime security, forestry protection, and highway patrol duties as well as security in the tourism sector and even in dog handling. Its present formation of 12 regional commands dates from 1950 when the 1st Regional Command was raised. In the late 1970s, the Guard established its own air arm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela">Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Bolivarian Revolution">Bolivarian Revolution</a>, the Venezuelan National Guard was renamed the Bolivarian National Guard of Venezuela (GNB). </p><p>Since then, the GNB have cooperated with paramilitaries known as <a href="/wiki/Colectivo_(Venezuela)" title="Colectivo (Venezuela)">colectivos</a> within the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Guard is structured as follows.<sup id="cite_ref-fav-club.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fav-club.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Commanding General of the National Guard</b> (as of 2023): LTG Juvenal José Fernández López</li> <li><b>General Staff of the National Guard</b>: Chief of Staff of the National Guard: MG Elio Infante Viloria</li> <li><b>Inspector General's Command</b>: Inspector General of the National Guard: Division General Alejandro Constantino Kerelis Bucarito</li> <li><b>Personnel Command</b>: Commanding General, Personnel Command: Division General Octavio Javier Chacón Guzmán</li> <li><b>Logistics Command</b>: Director General, Logistics Command: Division General Richard López Vargas <ul><li>National Guard HQ Support Regiment</li> <li>1st Support Detachment</li> <li>2nd Support Detactment</li> <li>3rd Support Detacthment</li></ul></li> <li><b>Operations Command</b>: Operations Director of the National Guard: Division General <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Jos%C3%A9_Rivero" title="Sergio José Rivero">Sergio Rivero Marcano</a></li></ul> <p>Controls eight or more Mobile Detachments of battalion or regiment size available for deployment to any area of the country in response to threats to internal security or border security. </p><p>The command has under its control all nine "regional commands" which control local battalion or regiment-sized National Guard detachments which provide the static defense of certain public buildings, oil installations, and penal institutions (the latter duties now shared with the <a href="/wiki/Policia_Nacional_Bolivariana" class="mw-redirect" title="Policia Nacional Bolivariana">Policia Nacional Bolivariana</a>) and for the maintenance of public security. Additionally, they patrol the nation's highway system, functioning as a federal <a href="/wiki/Highway_patrol" title="Highway patrol">highway police</a> force. They also serve as the nation's coast guard and maritime search and rescue service, co-sharing with the <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Navy_of_Venezuela" title="Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela">Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela</a>'s Coast Guard Command in this duty in the coastal states. These are now subdivided into state-level zone commands serving all the states of Venezuela. Most of the RCs and SZCs also control the 16 local rural service commando battalions for keeping order in rural communities, but only the Caracas Capital District ZS has none, instead of having 7 area detachments as of present with 3 regiment sized. </p> <ul><li><ul><li><b>Regional Command 1</b> <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_del_T%C3%A1chira" title="San Antonio del Táchira">San Antonio de Tachira, Tachira State</a> <ul><li>Tachira National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Mérida National Guard Zone Command</li></ul></li> <li><b>Regional Command 2</b> <a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Carabobo" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencia, Carabobo">Valencia, Carabobo State</a> <ul><li>Cojedes National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Carabobo National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Aragua National Guard Zone Command</li></ul></li> <li><b>Regional Command 3</b> <a href="/wiki/Maracaibo" title="Maracaibo">Maracaibo, Zulia State</a> <ul><li>Zulia National Guard Zone Command</li></ul></li> <li><b>Regional Command 4</b> <a href="/wiki/Barquisimeto" title="Barquisimeto">Barquisimeto, Lara State</a> <ul><li>Lara National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Falcon National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Yaracuy National Guard Zone Command</li></ul></li> <li><b>Regional Command 5</b> <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas, Capital District</a> <ul><li>Venezuelan Capital District National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Vargas and Federal Dependencies National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Orinoco Oil Fields Special Zone Command</li> <li>Miranda and Insular Territory National Guard Zone Command</li></ul></li> <li><b>Regional Command 6</b> <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_de_Apure" title="San Fernando de Apure">San Fernando de Apure, Apure State</a> <ul><li>Apure National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Barinas National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Portuguesa National Guard Zone Command</li></ul></li> <li><b>Regional Command 7</b> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona,_Anzo%C3%A1tegui" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona, Anzoátegui">Barcelona, Anzoategui State</a> <ul><li>Guarico National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Anzoátegui National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Nueva Esparta National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Sucre National Guard Zone Command</li></ul></li> <li><b>Regional Command 8</b> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ordaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Ordaz">Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar State</a> <ul><li>Bolivar National Guard Zone Command</li> <li>Delta Amaruco National Guard Zone Command</li></ul></li> <li><b>Regional Command 9</b> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ayacucho" title="Puerto Ayacucho">Puerto Ayacucho, Amazonas State</a> <ul><li>Amazonas National Guard Zone Command</li></ul></li> <li><b>Air Operations Command</b> (Air National Guard)</li> <li><b>Coastal Vigilance Command</b> - Commanding General, CVC: Brigadier General Alex Ramón Barreno Oberto</li> <li><b>National Guard Customs Security Service</b></li> <li><b>National Guard Frontier Detachments</b></li> <li><b>National Guard Public Order and Security Units</b></li> <li><b>National Guard Corps of Engineers</b></li> <li><b>National Guard Criminal Investigations Service</b></li></ul></li> <li><b>Education Command</b>: Commander, Education Command: Division General Jose Eliecer Pinto Gutiérrez <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="National Guard Military Academy">National Guard Military Academy</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>Superintendent of the National Guard Academy: Brigadier Winder González Urdaneta</dd> <dd>Deputy Superintendent of the National Guard Academy: Colonel Javier Ramón Ordaz Ferrer</dd> <dd>Commandant of the Regiment of Cadets: Colonel Sergio Negrin Alvarado</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><ul><li>National Guard Formation Schools</li> <li>National Guard Military High School "CPT Pedro Maria Ochoa Morales"</li></ul></li> <li><b>Special Operations Command</b> <ul><li>Commando Action Group of the National Guard</li> <li>National Guard Rural Commando Detachments</li></ul></li> <li><b>People's Guards National Command</b> - Commanding General, People's Guards National Command: Brigadier General Josué Dulcey Parada</li></ul> <p>Created by Hugo Chávez in 2011 for Guardsmen mandated for police protection alongside the Bolivarian National Police and aimed at keeping peace and order as well as fighting against drug-related and alcohol-related crimes and the illegal arms and drug trade in the country. They also help in public works repairs and ensuring security during major holidays. The service today is composed of 17 state-level People's Guards Regiments in several of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Venezuela" title="States of Venezuela">States of Venezuela</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Capital_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Capital District">Venezuelan Capital District</a>, with more to be raised soon, together with 29 independent People's Guards Battalions and 21 Public Safety Battalions in major cities nationwide. The regiments are each divided into 2 to 4 battalion-sized detachments and a headquarters unit. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anti-Drug_National_Command" title="Anti-Drug National Command">Anti-Drug National Command</a></b> - Commanding General: Brigadier General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arturo_Olivar_Moreno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arturo Olivar Moreno (page does not exist)">Arturo Olivar Moreno</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>This command is in charge of combating the use and spread of illegal drugs in Venezuela and works with other South American police forces in fighting the illegal drug trade in the continent. </p> <ul><li><b>National Development Department</b></li> <li><b>National Guard Environmental Security Service Directorate</b></li></ul> <p>Mandated for the protection of Venezuela's natural resources, especially the ancestral lands of its indigenous peoples, and the enforcement of environmental laws. </p> <ul><li><b>Social Action Division of the National Guard</b> (in the planning stages)</li> <li><b>Anti-Extortion and Sequestration National Command</b></li></ul> <p>The newest command of the National Guard mandated to counter financial crimes and serious criminal activities formed up of the National Guard Anti-Extortion and Sequestration Groups (GAES - Grupo Anti-Extorsión y Secuestro) in every Venezuelan state, created via Ministerial Resolution of the Ministry of Defense No. 000568 on April 4, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the states plus the Capital District have one AESG detachment each to fight serious crimes. The command is led by Brigadier General Alexis Escalona Marrero. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organization_of_State_Commands">Organization of State Commands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organization of State Commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The State Commands of the National Guard are organized into: </p> <ul><li>HQ and HQ Company</li> <li>People's Guards Regiment/Brigade</li> <li>Air National Guard Detachment/Squadron</li> <li>City National Guard detachments</li> <li>Urban Security Regiment/Battalion</li> <li>Rural NG detachments</li> <li>Border Detachment (in border states)</li> <li>Anti-Drugs and Narcotics Unit</li> <li>Anti-Kidnapping Task Force</li> <li>Coastal Vigilance Detachment (coastal states)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recruitment">Recruitment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recruitment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GNB is an all-volunteer force with over 38,000 men and women.<sup id="cite_ref-fav-club.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fav-club.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recruits undergo a two-year basic training course at the Ramo Verde National Guard Formation School at <a href="/wiki/Los_Teques" title="Los Teques">Los Teques</a>, as well as at various formation schools nationwide. Officer candidates are required to study for an additional four years at the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="National Guard Military Academy">National Guard Military Academy</a> in Fort Tiuna, Caracas, and at the Military Technical Academy in Maracay for the technical service officers. Postgraduate studies for officers are available at the Advanced Officers School at <a href="/wiki/Caricuao" title="Caricuao">Caricuao</a>, near Caracas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uniforms_and_equipment">Uniforms and equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Uniforms and equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uniforms_and_insignia">Uniforms and insignia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Uniforms and insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuelan_National_Guardsmen_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Venezuelan_National_Guardsmen_2014.jpg/220px-Venezuelan_National_Guardsmen_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Venezuelan_National_Guardsmen_2014.jpg/330px-Venezuelan_National_Guardsmen_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Venezuelan_National_Guardsmen_2014.jpg/440px-Venezuelan_National_Guardsmen_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1376" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption>During 2014 protests</figcaption></figure> <p>The GNB have the same rank insignia and uniforms as the Venezuelan Army. However, the GNB normally wears a <a href="/wiki/Maroon_beret" title="Maroon beret">maroon beret</a> instead of the Army's black berets. </p> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General / flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Army_%28Venezuela%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="637" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Army">Venezuelan Army</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Venezuela_Officer1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venezuela_Officer1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Venezuela_Officer2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venezuela_Officer2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Venezuela_Officer3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venezuela_Officer3-8"><span 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CNELEJB-GNB.png/75px-CNELEJB-GNB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CNELEJB-GNB.png/100px-CNELEJB-GNB.png 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TCNELEJB-GNB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/TCNELEJB-GNB.png/50px-TCNELEJB-GNB.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/TCNELEJB-GNB.png/75px-TCNELEJB-GNB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/TCNELEJB-GNB.png/100px-TCNELEJB-GNB.png 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MAYEJB-GNB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MAYEJB-GNB.png/50px-MAYEJB-GNB.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MAYEJB-GNB.png/75px-MAYEJB-GNB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MAYEJB-GNB.png/100px-MAYEJB-GNB.png 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CAPEJB-GNB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/CAPEJB-GNB.png/40px-CAPEJB-GNB.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/CAPEJB-GNB.png/60px-CAPEJB-GNB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/CAPEJB-GNB.png/80px-CAPEJB-GNB.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PTTEEJB-GNB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PTTEEJB-GNB.png/40px-PTTEEJB-GNB.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PTTEEJB-GNB.png/60px-PTTEEJB-GNB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PTTEEJB-GNB.png/80px-PTTEEJB-GNB.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TTEEJB-GNB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/TTEEJB-GNB.png/40px-TTEEJB-GNB.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/TTEEJB-GNB.png/60px-TTEEJB-GNB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/TTEEJB-GNB.png/80px-TTEEJB-GNB.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/General-in-chief#Venezuela" title="General-in-chief">General en jefe</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Mayor general</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Divisional_general" title="Divisional general">General de division</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">General de brigada</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Coronel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Teniente coronel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Mayor</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Capitán</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant" title="First lieutenant">Primer teniente</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Teniente</a></i></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; color:inherit; text-align:center; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="22">Senior NCOs </th> <th colspan="6">Junior NCOs </th> <th colspan="8">Enlisted </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_National_Guard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="637" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan National Guard">Venezuelan National Guard</a></b><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Armies/OR/Venezuela_(National_Guard)" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/Venezuela (National Guard)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Armies/OR/Venezuela_(National_Guard)" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/Venezuela (National Guard)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Armies/OR/Venezuela_(National_Guard)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/Venezuela (National Guard)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela-Army-OR-8b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Venezuela-Army-OR-8b.svg/50px-Venezuela-Army-OR-8b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Venezuela-Army-OR-8b.svg/75px-Venezuela-Army-OR-8b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Venezuela-Army-OR-8b.svg/100px-Venezuela-Army-OR-8b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela-Army-OR-8a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Venezuela-Army-OR-8a.svg/50px-Venezuela-Army-OR-8a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Venezuela-Army-OR-8a.svg/75px-Venezuela-Army-OR-8a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Venezuela-Army-OR-8a.svg/100px-Venezuela-Army-OR-8a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela-Army-OR-7b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Venezuela-Army-OR-7b.svg/50px-Venezuela-Army-OR-7b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Venezuela-Army-OR-7b.svg/75px-Venezuela-Army-OR-7b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Venezuela-Army-OR-7b.svg/100px-Venezuela-Army-OR-7b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela-Army-OR-7a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Venezuela-Army-OR-7a.svg/50px-Venezuela-Army-OR-7a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Venezuela-Army-OR-7a.svg/75px-Venezuela-Army-OR-7a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Venezuela-Army-OR-7a.svg/100px-Venezuela-Army-OR-7a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela-Army-OR-6b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Venezuela-Army-OR-6b.svg/50px-Venezuela-Army-OR-6b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Venezuela-Army-OR-6b.svg/75px-Venezuela-Army-OR-6b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Venezuela-Army-OR-6b.svg/100px-Venezuela-Army-OR-6b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela-Army-OR-6a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Venezuela-Army-OR-6a.svg/50px-Venezuela-Army-OR-6a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Venezuela-Army-OR-6a.svg/75px-Venezuela-Army-OR-6a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Venezuela-Army-OR-6a.svg/100px-Venezuela-Army-OR-6a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela-Army-OR-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Venezuela-Army-OR-5.svg/50px-Venezuela-Army-OR-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Venezuela-Army-OR-5.svg/75px-Venezuela-Army-OR-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Venezuela-Army-OR-5.svg/100px-Venezuela-Army-OR-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela-Army-OR-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Venezuela-Army-OR-4.svg/50px-Venezuela-Army-OR-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Venezuela-Army-OR-4.svg/75px-Venezuela-Army-OR-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Venezuela-Army-OR-4.svg/100px-Venezuela-Army-OR-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela-Army-OR-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Venezuela-Army-OR-3.svg/50px-Venezuela-Army-OR-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Venezuela-Army-OR-3.svg/75px-Venezuela-Army-OR-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Venezuela-Army-OR-3.svg/100px-Venezuela-Army-OR-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela-Army-OR-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Venezuela-Army-OR-2.svg/50px-Venezuela-Army-OR-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Venezuela-Army-OR-2.svg/75px-Venezuela-Army-OR-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Venezuela-Army-OR-2.svg/100px-Venezuela-Army-OR-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>No insignia</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Sargento supervisor</i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Sargento ayudante</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Sargento mayor de primera</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Sargento mayor de segunda</i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Sargento mayor de tercera</i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Sargento primero</i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Sargento segundo</i></span> </td> <td colspan="4"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Cabo primero</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Cabo segundo</i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Distinguido</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Guardia Nacional raso</i></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equipment">Equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Venezuelan_National_Guard" title="List of equipment of the Venezuelan National Guard">List of equipment of the Venezuelan National Guard</a></div> <p>The GNB is equipped as a light infantry force, with the standard-issued weapon being the <a href="/wiki/FN_FAL" title="FN FAL">FN FAL</a> battle rifle (being replaced with the <a href="/wiki/AK-103" title="AK-103">AK-103</a>). It is also equipped with Light Machine-Guns, and mortars up to 81mm. </p><p>It possesses over forty <a href="/wiki/Unimog" title="Unimog">Unimog</a> <a href="/wiki/Thyssen_Henschel_UR-416" title="Thyssen Henschel UR-416">UR-416</a> wheeled armored personnel carriers and <a href="/wiki/Walther_G22" title="Walther G22">Walther G22</a> on airports. It acquired 141 Chinese <a href="/wiki/Norinco" title="Norinco">Norinco</a> <a href="/wiki/VN-4" title="VN-4">VN-4</a> 4x4 wheeled armored vehicles in 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-AR2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 50 in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-DMILT_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMILT-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Venezuelan_protests" title="2014 Venezuelan protests">2014 Venezuelan protests</a>, the Venezuelan government order 300 more VN-4 vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-AR2014_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/2014-17_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2014-17 Venezuelan protests">2014-17 Venezuelan protests</a> and <a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Venezuelan uprising">2019 Venezuelan uprising</a>, the VN-4 was used by the Bolivarian National Guard against protesters who opposed the government of President <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Maduro" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Maduro">Nicolas Maduro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Janes_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2013, it ordered Chinese <a href="/wiki/Type_63_(tank)" title="Type 63 (tank)">Type 63A</a> light tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Austrian and Japanese vehicles are also used. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell_206B_GN-7956_Guardia_Nac_Venez_OPA_29.09.79_edited-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bell_206B_GN-7956_Guardia_Nac_Venez_OPA_29.09.79_edited-3.jpg/220px-Bell_206B_GN-7956_Guardia_Nac_Venez_OPA_29.09.79_edited-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bell_206B_GN-7956_Guardia_Nac_Venez_OPA_29.09.79_edited-3.jpg/330px-Bell_206B_GN-7956_Guardia_Nac_Venez_OPA_29.09.79_edited-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bell_206B_GN-7956_Guardia_Nac_Venez_OPA_29.09.79_edited-3.jpg/440px-Bell_206B_GN-7956_Guardia_Nac_Venez_OPA_29.09.79_edited-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bell_Jet_Ranger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Jet Ranger">Bell Jet Ranger</a> of the GNB in 1979.</figcaption></figure> <p>The GNB also employs eighty small craft for coastal and river patrol duties as part of its Naval Coastal Vigilance Command. The Air National Guard Command operates over 50 fixed-wing light aircraft and helicopters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_trade">Drug trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Drug trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1993, the term <i>Cartel de los Soles</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Cartel_of_the_Suns" title="Cartel of the Suns">Cartel of the Suns</a></i> was first used when allegations of two National Guard generals, who wore emblems that looked like suns on their uniforms, were investigated for drug trafficking crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-ISCsoles_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISCsoles-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term currently describes high-ranking members of the Venezuelan armed forces, including the National Guard, who are involved in drug trade.<sup id="cite_ref-ISCsoles_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISCsoles-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even lower ranking National Guardsmen compete for positions at border checkpoints so they can be paid bribes for "illicit trade", though a large portion of bribes go to their superiors.<sup id="cite_ref-CGviolence_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CGviolence-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The corrupt officials of <i>The Sun Cartel</i> traffic drugs from <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> to Venezuela where they are shipped internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been alleged that the National Guard had worked with the <a href="/wiki/FARC" class="mw-redirect" title="FARC">FARC</a> with drug trade.<sup id="cite_ref-EPsol_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPsol-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2013, an incident allegedly linked to Cartel of the Suns and involving men from the Venezuelan National Guard who placed 31 suitcases containing 1.3 tons of <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> on a Paris flight astonished French authorities as it was the largest seizure of cocaine recorded in mainland <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ELPAISdrugs_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELPAISdrugs-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VICEdrugs_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VICEdrugs-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 February 2014, a commander for the Venezuelan National Guard was stopped while driving to Valencia with his family and was arrested for having 554 kilos of cocaine in his possession.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Actions_during_Venezuelan_protests">Actions during Venezuelan protests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Actions during Venezuelan protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezuela_National_Guard_Headlock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Venezuela_National_Guard_Headlock.jpg/250px-Venezuela_National_Guard_Headlock.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Venezuela_National_Guard_Headlock.jpg/375px-Venezuela_National_Guard_Headlock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Venezuela_National_Guard_Headlock.jpg/500px-Venezuela_National_Guard_Headlock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Venezuelan National Guardsman holding a protester in a <a href="/wiki/Grappling_hold#Other" title="Grappling hold">headlock</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The National Guard has used tear gas and rubber bullets on anti-government demonstrators during the 2010s <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_protests_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan protests (2014–present)">protests</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Crisis in Venezuela">crisis in Venezuela</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during which 9 members of the National Guard have been killed.<sup id="cite_ref-ninedead_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ninedead-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are reports alleging that the Venezuelan National Guard has worked with pro-Maduro groups, called "<a href="/wiki/Colectivo_(Venezuela)" title="Colectivo (Venezuela)">colectivos</a>" while dispersing protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-HRWpunished_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRWpunished-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Guard allegedly protected the <a href="/wiki/Tupamaro_(Venezuela)" title="Tupamaro (Venezuela)">Tupamaro</a> colectivo that were "armed with guns, motorcycles and shooting protesters".<sup id="cite_ref-peru21.pe_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peru21.pe-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ojo.pe_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ojo.pe-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Human Rights Watch reports that "many victims and family members we spoke with said they believed they might face reprisals if they reported abused by police, guardsmen, or armed pro-government gangs."<sup id="cite_ref-HRWpunished_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRWpunished-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also reported that a man attempting to leave a protest was shot with rubber bullets, beaten and then shot again in the groin by guardsmen. Another man was detained, shot repeatedly with rubber bullets, beaten with rifles and helmets by three National Guardsman, and was asked "Who's your president?".<sup id="cite_ref-HRWpunished_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRWpunished-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/NTN24" title="NTN24">NTN24</a></i> reported from a lawyer that National Guardsmen and individuals with "Cuban accents" in Mérida forced three arrested adolescents to confess to crimes they did not commit and then the adolescents "kneeled and were forced to raise their arms then shot with buckshot throughout their body" during an alleged "<a href="/wiki/Target_practice" title="Target practice">target practice</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Venezuela" title="Valencia, Venezuela">Valencia</a>, protesters were dispersed by the National Guard in El Trigál, where four students (three men and one woman) were attacked inside of a car while trying to leave the perimeter;<sup id="cite_ref-notitarde.com_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notitarde.com-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the three men were imprisoned and one of them was allegedly sodomized by one of the officers with a rifle.<sup id="cite_ref-diariolasamericas.com_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diariolasamericas.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States_sanctions">United States sanctions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United States sanctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Venezuelan_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis">International sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis</a></div> <p>Following alleged human rights violations by the Venezuelan National Guard during the protests, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> used powers granted from the <a href="/wiki/Venezuela_Defense_of_Human_Rights_and_Civil_Society_Act_of_2014" title="Venezuela Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act of 2014">Venezuela Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act of 2014</a> and ordered the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">United States Department of the Treasury</a> to freeze assets and property of former leader of the National Guard, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Jos%C3%A9_Benavides_Torres" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio José Benavides Torres">Antonio José Benavides Torres</a>, and former General Commander Justo José Noguera Pietri.<sup id="cite_ref-TIME_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIME-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additional sanctions were added on 29 August 2017 by President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald J. Trump</a> against the Venezuelan Government and <a href="/wiki/Petroleos_de_Venezuela_S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.">Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A.</a> (PDVSA), which is currently being run by Major Manuel Quevedo. These additional sanctions were due to the continuous allegations of public corruption, the persecution of violence against political opponents, as well as the establishment of what the United States considers the illegitimate Constituent Assembly. This executive order prohibits transactions made by a citizen of the United States or within the United States from the following; dealing new debt from PDVSA older than 90 days; dealing new debt or new equity older than 30 days from the Government of Venezuela (PDVSA not included); and the remittance of payments or distribution of profits to any individual, subgroup, corporation, or persons owned or controlled by the Government of Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order for the United States to continue addressing Venezuela's ongoing national emergency listed in Executive Order 13692, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signed Executive Order 13827 on 19 March 2018. This sanction is to prohibit all transactions issued by a United States Citizen or within the United States via digital currency, digital coin, or digital token to, or on behalf of the Government of Venezuela on or after 9 January 2018. This comes after President Nicolas Maduro announced the creation of a new digital currency, known as "Petro".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the continuous oppression against their own Venezuelan citizens, the worsening economic crisis, and corruption, the United States President signed Executive Order 13835 on 21 May 2018. This sanction prohibits the purchase of debt owed to the Government of Venezuela and/or Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA), which includes money pledged as collateral made after the effective date of this Executive Order.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In conjunction with Executive Orders 13692 and 13835, the United States President signed Executive Order 13692 sanctioning the gold sector, essentially targeting corruption as well as those who have contributed to the crumbling infrastructure and exploitation of natural resources (PDVSA). This means that the United States citizens are prohibited from dealing with anyone having to do with the corruption and false transactions in the Venezuelan gold.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management_of_food_and_basic_goods">Management of food and basic goods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Management of food and basic goods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004 the late President <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> turned over the food industry to the Venezuelan Military and created what is now the Food Ministry. The Food Ministry was designed to create domestic farming, food factories and distributions centers, but after many years of neglect and the price of oil collapse of 2014, the domestic production dried up and the government could no longer afford to import what the country needed. </p><p>In order for imported goods to be accepted into Venezuela, the GNB requires bribes. This will ensure that the shipment is accepted and that the container is unloaded from the ship. Another payoff is needed to cover the cost to load the truck which will then transport the goods. If there are no incentives offered, any food or goods will sit to rot. The GNB has been accused of not only letting food rot, then burying the evidence, but also reselling food and merchandise kept at the port of entry for their own profit. They will sell to citizens and business owners who can afford it.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trafficking_between_borders">Trafficking between borders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Trafficking between borders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than drug trafficking, the GNB has been accused of helping gangs and cartels smuggle things such as fuel, food, and medicine between Colombia and Venezuela. Motorcycles known as “moscas” help guide state-owned PDVSA trucks and other similar vehicles through deserted trails to illegally sell gasoline and other basic goods across the border. A border which is secured by the GNB on the Venezuelan side, and by the Colombian <i>guerrillas</i> of the National Liberation Army on the Colombian side. Those gangs and cartels involved in the smuggling of these materials into Venezuela are said to pay a high incentive to the military or Guajiros (Venezuelan and Colombian Indian tribes) to get through private and isolated trails along the border successfully.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_and_mining">Military and mining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Military and mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Orinoco_Mining_Arc" title="Orinoco Mining Arc">Orinoco Mining Arc</a></div> <p>In 2016, Maduro paved way for what was originally the idea of the late President Hugo Chávez, by opening up the <a href="/wiki/Orinoco_Mining_Arc" title="Orinoco Mining Arc">Orinoco Mining Arc</a> (<i>Arco Minero del Orinoco</i>), over 170,000 square kilometers of Venezuelan Amazon to mine. The Orinoco Mining Arc started by giving mining access to countries like China, Russia, Canada, South Africa, the Republic of Congo and Australia. He then created CAMIMPEG, which is Venezuela's military-run oil and mining company. Once Maduro felt that the business mining legitimacy was established, those countries that once had access were pushed out to make way for the military. Maduro then created the “Economic Military Zone” to help protect the mining area, leaving room for the Military to participate in not only the mining but to exploit the grounds. Some miners state that the GNB brought a sense of tranquility to the region, others claim that the GNB's power and control over both illegal and legal mining have become extremely dangerous to the country and to those seeking a better life.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since opening up the Orinoco Mining Arc, it has not only affected the deforestation of the Amazon but has also unleashed diseases such as malaria and deaths from military and gang violence. One of the most recent massacres happened on 10 February 2018, in which 18 miners lost their lives. One of those killed was a legal mine operator, Angelis Rodriguez Cuevas. Cuevas had been negotiating to hand over her territory with the Venezuelan government when the GNB raided her mine, killing her and 17 others a few days later. This is not the first time that the GNB has clashed with miners over the control of gold mines. Since the creation of the Orinoco Mining Arc by Nicolas Maduro, there have been at least four massacres in towns like Tumeremo and El Callao, located in the state of Bolivar. The military responded by stating that the miners were suspected criminals, to which they recovered several different types of guns, rifles and grenades. The Government of Venezuela opened up an investigation against the military, but nothing has come about.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan government">Venezuelan Government</a> receives a cut from the mining business, most of that gold is said to be smuggled out of the country by the GNB through Colombia and the Caribbean island for an even bigger profit. It is said that about 90 percent of Venezuelan gold is produced illegally, however, the Venezuelan Government denies these claims.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Guard (disambiguation)">National Guard (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lapatilla.com/2023/07/07/nicolas-maduro-designo-a-elio-estrada-como-nuevo-comandante-general-de-la-gnb/">"Nicolás Maduro designó a Elio Estrada como nuevo comandante general de la GNB"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nicol%C3%A1s+Maduro+design%C3%B3+a+Elio+Estrada+como+nuevo+comandante+general+de+la+GNB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapatilla.com%2F2023%2F07%2F07%2Fnicolas-maduro-designo-a-elio-estrada-como-nuevo-comandante-general-de-la-gnb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABolivarian+National+Guard+of+Venezuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Venezuela: A Mafia State?</i>. <a href="/wiki/Medellin,_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Medellin, Colombia">Medellin, Colombia</a>: <a href="/wiki/InSight_Crime" title="InSight Crime">InSight Crime</a>. 2018. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+systems+get+%27combat+experience%27+in+Venezuela&rft.pub=IHS+Jane%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.janes.com%2Farticle%2F34752%2Fchinese-systems-get-combat-experience-in-venezuela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABolivarian+National+Guard+of+Venezuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dmilt.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7349:venezuela-national-guard-orders-chinese-light-tanks-&catid=35:latin-america&Itemid=58">Venezuela; National Guard orders Chinese light tanks</a> - Dmilt.com, 22 July 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISCsoles-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISCsoles_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISCsoles_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://es.insightcrime.org/grupos-venezuela/cartel-de-los-soles">"Cartel de los Soles"</a>. 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January 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Venezuela+Goes+Hungry%2C+its+Military+Makes+Money+by+Trafficking+Food&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fvenezuela-goes-hungry-military-makes-money-by-trafficking-food%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABolivarian+National+Guard+of+Venezuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/01/venezuela-military-controls-food-nation-hungry-170101195414433.html">"Venezuela Military controls food while nation goes hungry"</a>. <i>Aljazeera</i>. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamasmie2017" class="citation web cs1">Jamasmie, Cecilia (21 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mining.com/illegal-gold-mining-in-venezuela-causing-deaths-malaria-gang-fights-and-deforestation/">"Illegal gold mining in Venezuela causing deaths, malaria, gang fights and deforestation"</a>. <i>Mining.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mining.com&rft.atitle=Illegal+gold+mining+in+Venezuela+causing+deaths%2C+malaria%2C+gang+fights+and+deforestation&rft.date=2017-03-21&rft.aulast=Jamasmie&rft.aufirst=Cecilia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mining.com%2Fillegal-gold-mining-in-venezuela-causing-deaths-malaria-gang-fights-and-deforestation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABolivarian+National+Guard+of+Venezuela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolivarian_National_Guard_of_Venezuela&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardia.mil.ve">Official site of the National Guard of Venezuela</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131106000922/http://www.mindefensa.gov.ve/">Official site of the Ministry for the Defense of Venezuela</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-14596.html">GNB at Country Data</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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