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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Legame di coordinazione</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 38 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رابطة تناسقية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رابطة تناسقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donor-aktseptor_kimy%C9%99vi_rabit%C9%99" title="Donor-aktseptor kimyəvi rabitə - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Donor-aktseptor kimyəvi rabitə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Каардынацыйная сувязь - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каардынацыйная сувязь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinativna_veza" title="Koordinativna veza - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Koordinativna veza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlla%C3%A7_covalent_coordinat" title="Enllaç covalent coordinat - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enllaç covalent coordinat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordina%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_vazba" title="Koordinační vazba - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koordinační vazba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinative_Bindung" title="Koordinative Bindung - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Koordinative Bindung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_covalent_bond" title="Coordinate covalent bond - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Coordinate covalent bond" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlace_de_coordinaci%C3%B3n" title="Enlace de coordinación - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enlace de coordinación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88" title="پیوند داتیو - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیوند داتیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinaatiosidos" title="Koordinaatiosidos - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Koordinaatiosidos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaison_covalente_de_coordination" title="Liaison covalente de coordination - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liaison covalente de coordination" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99" title="קשר קואורדינטיבי - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קשר קואורדינטיבי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinacijska_veza" title="Koordinacijska veza - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Koordinacijska veza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyezon_kovalan_kouw%C3%B2dinasyon" title="Lyezon kovalan kouwòdinasyon - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lyezon kovalan kouwòdinasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen_koordinasi" title="Ikatan kovalen koordinasi - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ikatan kovalen koordinasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88" title="配位結合 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="配位結合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Координациялық байланыс - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Координациялық байланыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%9C%84_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9" title="배위 결합 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="배위 결합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A0_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ - manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donor-acceptorbinding" title="Donor-acceptorbinding - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Donor-acceptorbinding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipolbinding" title="Dipolbinding - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dipolbinding" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_koordynacyjne" title="Wiązanie koordynacyjne - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiązanie koordynacyjne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_covalente_dativa" title="Ligação covalente dativa - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ligação covalente dativa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_covalent%C4%83_coordinativ%C4%83" title="Legătură covalentă coordinativă - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legătură covalentă coordinativă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Донорно-акцепторное взаимодействие - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Донорно-акцепторное взаимодействие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinatna_veza" title="Koordinatna veza - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Koordinatna veza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_bonds" title="Coordination bonds - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coordination bonds" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordina%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_v%C3%A4zba" title="Koordinačná väzba - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koordinačná väzba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinativna_kovalentna_vez" title="Koordinativna kovalentna vez - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Koordinativna kovalentna vez" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinaciona_veza" title="Koordinaciona veza - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Koordinaciona veza" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="ஈதல் சகப்பிணைப்பு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈதல் சகப்பிணைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="พันธะโคออร์ดิเนตโคเวเลนต์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พันธะโคออร์ดิเนตโคเวเลนต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordine_kovalent_ba%C4%9F" title="Koordine kovalent bağ - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Koordine kovalent bağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Донорно-акцепторний зв'язок - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Донорно-акцепторний зв'язок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donor-akseptor_bog%CA%BB" title="Donor-akseptor bogʻ - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Donor-akseptor bogʻ" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_c%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B3a_tr%E1%BB%8B_ph%E1%BB%91i_tr%C3%AD" title="Liên kết cộng hóa trị phối trí - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên kết cộng hóa trị phối trí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E9%94%AE" title="配位键 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="配位键" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q499548#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>Il <b>legame di coordinazione</b> (descritto in alcuni testi anche col termine <b>legame dativo</b>) è un particolare tipo di <a href="/wiki/Legame_covalente" title="Legame covalente">legame chimico covalente</a> in cui una coppia di <a href="/wiki/Elettroni" class="mw-redirect" title="Elettroni">elettroni</a> viene messa a disposizione direttamente da un solo <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomo</a>, mentre l'altro atomo che contrae il legame non utilizza elettroni propri in compartecipazione bensì sfrutta la coppia "donata" dal primo atomo<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; è da tener presente che il legame dativo, una volta formatosi, è della stessa natura di un legame covalente (si basa sempre su una coppia di elettroni condivisa, anche se fornita interamente da uno solo dei due atomi che si sono legati). </p><p>Classicamente il legame di coordinazione s'instaura quando reagiscono un <a href="/wiki/Acido_di_Lewis" title="Acido di Lewis">acido</a> e una <a href="/wiki/Base_di_Lewis" title="Base di Lewis">base di Lewis</a>: l'acido di Lewis è un composto che ha tendenza <a href="/wiki/Elettrofilo" title="Elettrofilo">elettrofila</a> e tende a legarsi a composti che possiedono coppie elettroniche non sfruttate in <a href="/wiki/Legame_chimico" title="Legame chimico">legami</a> e che sono definiti basi di Lewis. Il risultato di questa <a href="/wiki/Reazione_acido-base" title="Reazione acido-base">reazione acido-base</a> produce quello che viene detto <i>addotto di Lewis</i>. In tal modo la specie che dona gli elettroni acquisirà una carica formale positiva, mentre la specie che acquista gli elettroni assumerà carica formale negativa. </p><p>Il legame di coordinazione è ampiamente studiato in <a href="/wiki/Chimica_inorganica" title="Chimica inorganica">chimica inorganica</a>, essendo alla base della formazione dei <a href="/wiki/Complesso_(chimica)" title="Complesso (chimica)">complessi</a>. Il moderno approccio <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_quantistica" title="Meccanica quantistica">quantomeccanico</a> permette di spiegare in modo esauriente l'esistenza di una vasta gamma di basi di Lewis in grado di agire da <i><a href="/wiki/Ligando" title="Ligando">ligandi</a></i> in grado di coordinarsi, anche con meccanismo diverso dalla semplice condivisione del <a href="/wiki/Doppietto_elettronico" title="Doppietto elettronico">doppietto elettronico</a>, con una grande varietà di atomi o <a href="/wiki/Ione" title="Ione">ioni</a> metallici. </p><p>Esempio di legami di coordinazione sono rappresentati da quelli relativi alla formazione dello <a href="/wiki/Ione_ammonio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ione ammonio">ione ammonio</a> NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, di H<sub>3</sub>N-BF<sub>3</sub>, di <a href="/wiki/Ione_idronio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ione idronio">H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></a> e di [Cu(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> al quale è legato il colore azzurro delle <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">soluzioni</a> acquose dei <a href="/wiki/Sale" title="Sale">sali</a> di <a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame">rame</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretazione">Interpretazione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Interpretazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Interpretazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legame_di_Lewis">Legame di Lewis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Legame di Lewis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Legame di Lewis"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secondo la teoria del legame di <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Lewis" title="Gilbert Lewis">Lewis</a> è possibile rappresentare il legame di coordinazione sfruttando le <a href="/wiki/Struttura_di_Lewis" title="Struttura di Lewis">strutture di Lewis</a>. </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ammonia-2D.svg/200px-Ammonia-2D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ammonia-2D.svg/300px-Ammonia-2D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ammonia-2D.svg/400px-Ammonia-2D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="509" /></span></span> </p><p>In questo esempio l'<a href="/wiki/Ammoniaca" title="Ammoniaca">ammoniaca</a> utilizza il proprio doppietto elettronico per instaurare un legame di coordinazione, indicato dalla freccia che parte dalla <a href="/wiki/Coppia_solitaria" title="Coppia solitaria">coppia solitaria</a> ed è indirizzata verso l'acido di Lewis, con il <a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">protone</a> H<sup>+</sup> per formare lo ione ammonio. Contando gli elettroni si nota che l'<a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto">azoto</a> raggiunge l'<a href="/wiki/Regola_dell%27ottetto" title="Regola dell'ottetto">ottetto</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno">idrogeno</a> il duetto, raggiungendo così una situazione più stabile. La struttura di Lewis è un metodo pratico che può servire a scrivere correttamente le formule di struttura. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orbitali_molecolari">Orbitali molecolari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Orbitali molecolari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Orbitali molecolari"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Teoria_degli_orbitali_molecolari" title="Teoria degli orbitali molecolari">teoria degli orbitali molecolari</a> spiega il legame di coordinazione affermando che un legame coordinativo risulta possibile in quanto l'acido di Lewis è una specie chimica il cui <a href="/wiki/Orbitali_di_frontiera" title="Orbitali di frontiera">LUMO</a> è posto a livelli energetici non troppo elevati, in modo che possa interagire con l'<a href="/wiki/Orbitali_di_frontiera" title="Orbitali di frontiera">orbitale HOMO</a> della base non posto a livelli energetici troppo bassi. </p><p>Con l'approccio quantomeccanico non solo si riesce a spiegare esaurientemente il legame di coordinazione dei complessi, anche non necessariamente ricorrendo al concetto di <a href="/wiki/Ibridazione_degli_orbitali" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibridazione degli orbitali">ibridazione</a>, ma si riesce anche a spiegare il legame con ligandi che non contengono doppietti elettronici, come nel caso del <a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">benzene</a> o dei ligandi <a href="/wiki/Alcheni" title="Alcheni">alchenici</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alchini" title="Alchini">alchinici</a>, e particolari effetti come la <a href="/wiki/Retrodonazione_%CF%80" title="Retrodonazione π">retrodonazione π</a>. Ciò è ottenuto applicando la <a href="/wiki/Teoria_del_campo_dei_ligandi" title="Teoria del campo dei ligandi">teoria del campo dei ligandi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFRolla">Rolla</a>, p. 76</cite>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRolla" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Luigi Rolla, <span style="font-style:italic;">Chimica e mineralogia. Per le Scuole superiori</span>, 29ª ed., Dante Alighieri, 1987.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_HSAB" title="Teoria HSAB">Teoria HSAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_del_campo_dei_ligandi" title="Teoria del campo dei ligandi">Teoria del campo dei ligandi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legame_di_coordinazione&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/coordinate-bond"><span style="font-style:italic;">coordinate bond</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499548#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Legami_chimici"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; 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