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class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Carriera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carriera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Carriera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carriera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ricerca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ricerca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ricerca</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ricerca-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Ricerca</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ricerca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stile_di_presentazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stile_di_presentazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Stile di presentazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stile_di_presentazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pubblicazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pubblicazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pubblicazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pubblicazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James Fraser Stoddart</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 49 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فريزر ستودارت - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريزر ستودارت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="জেমছ ফ্ৰাছাৰ ষ্টদদাৰ্ট - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জেমছ ফ্ৰাছাৰ ষ্টদদাৰ্ট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frezer_Stoddart" title="Frezer Stoddart - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frezer Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فراسر استودارت - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فراسر استودارت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фрэйзер Стодарт - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэйзер Стодарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фрейзър Стодарт - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фрейзър Стодарт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ফ্রেজার স্টডার্ট - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রেজার স্টডার্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فراسر استودارت - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فراسر استودارت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fraser_Stoddart" title="James Fraser Stoddart - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%98" title="פרייזר סטודרט - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרייזר סטודרט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Ֆրեյզեր Ստոդարտ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրեյզեր Ստոդարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Fraser_Stoddart" title="J. Fraser Stoddart - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="J. Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fraser_Stoddart" title="James Fraser Stoddart - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="James Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%83%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="フレイザー・ストッダート - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレイザー・ストッダート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ფრეიზერ სტოდარტი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრეიზერ სტოდარტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%80_%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%8D%94%ED%8A%B8" title="프레이저 스토더트 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프레이저 스토더트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്രേസർ സ്റ്റോഡാർട്ട് - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രേസർ സ്റ്റോഡാർട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فراسر استودارت - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فراسر استودارت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fraser_Stoddart" title="James Fraser Stoddart - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="James Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Стоддарт, Джеймс Фрейзер - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стоддарт, Джеймс Фрейзер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frejzer_Stodart" title="Frejzer Stodart - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Frejzer Stodart" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fraser_Stoddart" title="James Fraser Stoddart - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="James Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="பிரேசர் இசுட்டோடார்ட்டு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரேசர் இசுட்டோடார்ட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фрейзер Стоддарт - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фрейзер Стоддарт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Reindirizzamento da <strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Fraser_Stoddart&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Fraser Stoddart">J. Fraser Stoddart</a></strong>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-doppia"> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <p>«Your work bridges the gap between chemistry and the scientific and engineering challenges of nanoelectromechanical systems.» </p> </div> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <p>«Il suo lavoro riempie il vuoto tra la chimica e le sfida ingegneristiche e scientifiche dei sistemi nanoelettromeccanici» </p> </div></div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a>, Motivazione della <a href="/wiki/Medaglia_Davy" title="Medaglia Davy">Medaglia Davy</a></small>)</p></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Laureates_Fraser_Stoddart_2016_(31117136180).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nobel_Laureates_Fraser_Stoddart_2016_%2831117136180%29.jpg/220px-Nobel_Laureates_Fraser_Stoddart_2016_%2831117136180%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nobel_Laureates_Fraser_Stoddart_2016_%2831117136180%29.jpg/330px-Nobel_Laureates_Fraser_Stoddart_2016_%2831117136180%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nobel_Laureates_Fraser_Stoddart_2016_%2831117136180%29.jpg/440px-Nobel_Laureates_Fraser_Stoddart_2016_%2831117136180%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2758" data-file-height="3447" /></a><figcaption>James Fraser Stoddart<hr /><small><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medaglia del Premio Nobel"><img alt="Medaglia del Premio Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_chimica" title="Premio Nobel per la chimica">Premio Nobel per la chimica</a> <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a></small></figcaption></figure> <p>Sir <b>James Fraser Stoddart</b> (<a href="/wiki/Edimburgo" title="Edimburgo">Edimburgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/24_maggio" title="24 maggio">24 maggio</a> <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>) è un <a href="/wiki/Chimico" title="Chimico">chimico</a> <a href="/wiki/Regno_Unito" title="Regno Unito">britannico</a>, attivo nel campo della <a href="/wiki/Chimica_supramolecolare" title="Chimica supramolecolare">chimica supramolecolare</a> e della <a href="/wiki/Nanotecnologia" title="Nanotecnologia">nanotecnologia</a>, già vincitore nel <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a> della <a href="/wiki/Medaglia_Davy" title="Medaglia Davy">Medaglia Davy</a> e vincitore del <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_chimica" title="Premio Nobel per la chimica">premio Nobel per la chimica</a> nel 2016 assieme a <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a> per la progettazione e la sintesi di <a href="/wiki/Macchine_molecolari" class="mw-redirect" title="Macchine molecolari">macchine molecolari</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carriera">Carriera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Carriera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Carriera"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel 1967 frequenta la <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University" title="Queen's University">Queen's University</a> in Canada per un periodo di ricerca post-dottorato finanziato dal <a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Canada)" title="National Research Council (Canada)">National Research Council</a> mentre nel 1970 frequenta l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Sheffield" title="Università di Sheffield">Università di Sheffield</a> come ricercatore con un progetto finanziato dall'<a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">Imperial Chemical Industries</a> (ICI). In seguito, diventa <a href="/wiki/Lettorato_(universit%C3%A0)" title="Lettorato (università)">lettore</a> in Chimica presso questa università. </p><p>Nel 1978 trascorre un periodo in visita all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_della_California,_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Università della California, Los Angeles">Università della California a Los Angeles</a> (UCLA) e successivamente lavora presso i laboratori della ICI a <a href="/wiki/Runcorn" title="Runcorn">Runcorn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Inghilterra" title="Inghilterra">Inghilterra</a>, abbandonando così la ricerca universitaria fino al 1981 quando ritorna a Sheffield e, nel 1982, diventa <i>Reader</i> (il livello più alto tra i lettori). </p><p>Nel 1980 gli viene conferito il titolo di Dottore in Scienze da parte dell'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Edimburgo" title="Università di Edimburgo">Università di Edimburgo</a> per la sua ricerca sulla <a href="/wiki/Stereochimica" title="Stereochimica">stereochimica</a> oltre la molecola.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nel 1990 ottiene la cattedra di <a href="/wiki/Chimica_organica" title="Chimica organica">chimica organica</a> all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Birmingham" title="Università di Birmingham">Università di Birmingham</a>, dove diventa direttore della Scuola di Chimica dal 1993 al 1997, prima di trasferirsi nuovamente all'UCLA nel 1997 quando gli viene offerta la cattedra <a href="/wiki/Saul_Winstein" title="Saul Winstein">Saul Winstein</a> in Chimica, succedendo al <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_chimica" title="Premio Nobel per la chimica">premio Nobel</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_James_Cram" title="Donald James Cram">Donald James Cram</a>. </p><p>Nel corso di 35 anni, ha seguito la formazione di quasi 300 studenti di dottorato e ricercatori post-dottorato. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ricerca">Ricerca</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Ricerca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ricerca"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png/220px-Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png/330px-Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png/440px-Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>Struttura cristallina di anelli di Borromeo molecolari riportata da Stoddart e collaboratori in <i>Science</i>, 304, 1308-1312.</figcaption></figure> <p>Uno dei suoi maggiori contributi allo sviluppo delle architetture molecolari meccanicamente interconnesse come i <a href="/wiki/Rotaxano" title="Rotaxano">rotaxani</a> e i <a href="/wiki/Catenani" title="Catenani">catenani</a> è stata la messa a punto di protocolli di sintesi efficienti basati sul <a href="/wiki/Legame_chimico" title="Legame chimico">legame</a> del ciclobis(paraquat-p-fenilene) con <i><a href="/wiki/Chimica_ospite/ospitante" title="Chimica ospite/ospitante">guest</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Composti_aromatici" title="Composti aromatici">aromatici</a> elettron-ricchi. Il suo gruppo di ricerca ha riportato la sintesi di avanzata architetture molecolari meccanicamente interconnesse chiamata <a href="/wiki/Anelli_di_Borromeo_molecolari" title="Anelli di Borromeo molecolari">anelli di Borromeo molecolari</a> attraverso l'uso della chimica dinamica covalente. </p><p>Le efficienti procedure messe a punto per sintetizzare queste architetture molecolari sono state applicate per la costruzione degli <a href="/wiki/Interruttore_molecolare" title="Interruttore molecolare">interruttori molecolari</a> che operano in base al movimento dei vari componenti l'uno rispetto all'altro. Queste molecole interconnesse hanno potenziali utilizzi come sensori molecolari, <a href="/wiki/Attuatore" title="Attuatore">attuatori</a> e <a href="/wiki/Amplificatore" title="Amplificatore">amplificatori</a> e possono essere controllate chimicamente, elettricamente e otticamente. </p><p>Stoddart è stato un pioniere nell'utilizzo delle architetture molecolari meccanicamente interconnesse per creare <a href="/wiki/Nanomeccanica" title="Nanomeccanica">sistemi nanomeccanici</a>. Egli ha dimostrato che tali dispositivi possono essere fabbricati utilizzando una combinazione tra l'approccio <i>bottom-up</i> dell'<a href="/wiki/Auto-assemblaggio_molecolare" title="Auto-assemblaggio molecolare">auto-assemblaggio molecolare</a> e l'approccio <i>top-down</i> della <a href="/wiki/Litografia" title="Litografia">litografia</a> e della microfabbricazione. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stile_di_presentazione">Stile di presentazione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Stile di presentazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Stile di presentazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gli <a href="/wiki/Pubblicazione_scientifica" title="Pubblicazione scientifica">articoli scientifici</a> e tutto il materiale prodotto da Stoddart sono immediatamente riconoscibili per via di un caratteristico stile di rappresentazione simile a un <a href="/wiki/Fumetto" title="Fumetto">fumetto</a> che ha sviluppato a partire dalla fine degli anni ottanta. </p><p>Un cerchio pieno viene spesso posizionato al centro degli <a href="/wiki/Composti_aromatici" title="Composti aromatici">anelli aromatici</a> delle strutture molecolare che vengono riportate e vengono utilizzati colori diversi per evidenziare le varie parti delle molecole. Infatti, egli è stato uno dei primi ricercatori a fare un uso estensivo del colore nelle pubblicazioni scientifiche in ambito chimico. I diversi colori generalmente corrispondono alle diverse parti di una rappresentazione "a fumetto" di una molecola ma vengono anche utilizzati per rappresentare proprietà molecolari specifiche (il blu viene utilizzato, ad esempio, per rappresentare <a href="/wiki/Riconoscimento_molecolare" title="Riconoscimento molecolare">unità di riconoscimento</a> elettron-povere mentre il rosso è utilizzato per rappresentare quelle elettron-ricche). </p><p>Stoddart mantiene questo schema di colori all'interno di tutte le sue pubblicazioni e presentazioni e il suo stile è stato adottato da altri ricercatori che si occupano di molecole meccanicamente interconnesse ottenute sulla base dei suoi protocolli di sintesi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pubblicazioni">Pubblicazioni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Pubblicazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Pubblicazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al 2016 Stoddart ha un <a href="/wiki/Indice_H" title="Indice H">h-index</a> di 130. Egli ha pubblicato più di 1000 articoli ed è detentore di almeno dieci <a href="/wiki/Brevetto" title="Brevetto">brevetti</a>. Nel periodo che va dal gennaio 1997 al 31 agosto 2007, secondo l'Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) egli è stato il terzo chimico più citato con un totale di 14038 citazioni di 304 suoi lavori, con una frequenza di 46,2 citazioni per articolo. </p><p>L'Institute for Scientific Information aveva previsto che Stoddart sarebbe stato il probabile vincitore del <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_chimica" title="Premio Nobel per la chimica">premio Nobel per la Chimica</a> del 2003 assieme a <a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiji_Shinkai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seiji Shinkai (la pagina non esiste)">Seiji Shinkai</a> per i loro contributi nell'<a href="/wiki/Auto-assemblaggio_molecolare" title="Auto-assemblaggio molecolare">auto-assemblaggio molecolare</a>. Il premio è invece stato assegnato a <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> e <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> James Fraser Stoddart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1842/14487"><span style="font-style:italic;">Some adventures in stereochemistry</span></a>, Università di Edimburgo, 1980.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Fraser Stoddart"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fraser_Stoddart?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fraser_Stoddart?uselang=it">Fraser Stoddart</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stoddart.northwestern.edu"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">stoddart.northwestern.edu</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376243#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Kara Rogers, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-Fraser-Stoddart"><span style="font-style:italic;">J. Fraser Stoddart</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376243#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFnobelprize.org" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/932"><span style="font-style:italic;">James Fraser Stoddart</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nobelprize.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376243#P8024" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Society" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/12357/"><span style="font-style:italic;">James Fraser Stoddart</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">royalsociety.org</span>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376243#P2070" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Premio_Nobel_per_la_chimica"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_chimica" title="Template:Premio Nobel per la chimica"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_chimica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Premio Nobel per la chimica (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_chimica&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vincitori_del_premio_Nobel_per_la_chimica" title="Vincitori del premio Nobel per la chimica">Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la chimica</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1901 - 1925</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff</a> (1901) • <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a> (1902) • <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a> (1903) • <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a> (1904) • <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a> (1905) • <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a> (1906) • <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a> (1907) • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> (1908) • <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a> (1909) • <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a> (1910) • <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> (1911) • <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chimico)" title="Paul Sabatier (chimico)">Paul Sabatier</a> (1912) • <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a> (1913) • <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a> (1914) • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Martin_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Martin Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a> (1915) • <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a> (1918) • <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a> (1920) • <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a> (1921) • <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a> (1922) • <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a> (1923) • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a> (1925)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1926 - 1950</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a> (1926) • <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a> (1927) • <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Otto_Reinhold_Windaus" title="Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a> (1928) • <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Karl_August_Simon_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a> (1929) • <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a> (1930) • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a> (1931) • <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a> (1932) • <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a> (1934) • <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a> (1935) • <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a> (1936) • <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">Walter Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a> (1937) • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a> (1938) • <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Friedrich_Johann_Butenandt" title="Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavoslav_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Lavoslav Ružička">Lavoslav Ružička</a> (1939) • <a href="/wiki/George_Charles_de_Hevesy" title="George Charles de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a> (1943) • <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a> (1944) • <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a> (1945) • <a href="/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner" title="James Batcheller Sumner">James B. Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a> (1946) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chimico)" title="Robert Robinson (chimico)">Robert Robinson</a> (1947) • <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a> (1948) • <a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque">William Giauque</a> (1949) • <a href="/wiki/Otto_Paul_Hermann_Diels" title="Otto Paul Hermann Diels">Otto Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a> (1950)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1951 - 1975</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> (1951) • <a href="/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin" title="Archer John Porter Martin">Archer Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a> (1952) • <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a> (1953) • <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> (1954) • <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a> (1955) • <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Nikolaevi%C4%8D_Sem%C3%ABnov" title="Nikolaj Nikolaevič Semënov">Nikolaj Semënov</a> (1956) • <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd">Alexander Todd</a> (1957) • <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (1958) • <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a> (1959) • <a href="/wiki/Willard_Frank_Libby" title="Willard Frank Libby">Willard Libby</a> (1960) • <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a> (1961) • <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a> (1962) • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a> (1963) • <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> (1964) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> (1965) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Robert Mulliken</a> (1966) • <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Norrish" title="Ronald Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a> (1967) • <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a> (1968) • <a href="/wiki/Derek_Harold_Richard_Barton" title="Derek Harold Richard Barton">Derek Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a> (1969) • <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a> (1970) • <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a> (1971) • <a href="/wiki/Christian_Anfinsen" title="Christian Anfinsen">Christian Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Stein" title="William Stein">William Stein</a> (1972) • <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">E. O. Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a> (1973) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a> (1974) • <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a> (1975)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1976 - 2000</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a> (1976) • <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Il'ja Prigožin</a> (1977) • <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dennis_Mitchell" title="Peter Dennis Mitchell">Peter Mitchell</a> (1978) • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brown" title="Herbert Brown">Herbert Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a> (1979) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (1980) • <a href="/wiki/Ken%27ichi_Fukui" title="Ken'ichi Fukui">Ken'ichi Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a> (1981) • <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a> (1982) • <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a> (1983) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a> (1984) • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a> (1985) • <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Herschbach" title="Dudley Herschbach">Dudley Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Polanyi" title="John Charles Polanyi">John Polanyi</a> (1986) • <a href="/wiki/Donald_James_Cram" title="Donald James Cram">Donald J. Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a> (1987) • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a> (1988) • <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a> (1989) • <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a> (1990) • <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a> (1991) • <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Marcus" title="Rudolph Marcus">Rudolph Marcus</a> (1992) • <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chimico)" title="Michael Smith (chimico)">Michael Smith</a> (1993) • <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a> (1994) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen">Paul Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Frank Rowland</a> (1995) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Harold Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a> (1996) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Delos_Boyer" title="Paul Delos Boyer">Paul Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_Walker" title="John Ernest Walker">John Ernest Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Skou</a> (1997) • <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a> (1998) • <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a> (1999) • <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Heeger" title="Alan Jay Heeger">Alan Jay Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_G._MacDiarmid" title="Alan G. MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a> (2000)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">2001 - oggi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/William_Knowles" title="William Knowles">William Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryōji Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a> (2001) • <a href="/wiki/John_Bennett_Fenn" title="John Bennett Fenn">John B. Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dichi_Tanaka" title="Kōichi Tanaka">Kōichi Tanaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a> (2002) • <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a> (2003) • <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a> (2004) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Robert Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" title="Richard Schrock">Richard Schrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a> (2005) • <a href="/wiki/Roger_David_Kornberg" title="Roger David Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a> (2006) • <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a> (2007) • <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Roger Tsien</a> (2008) • <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arthur_Steitz" title="Thomas Arthur Steitz">Thomas Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada Yonath</a> (2009) • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Heck" title="Richard Heck">Richard Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> (2010) • <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a> (2011) • <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> (2012) • <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Michael Levitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a> (2013) • <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">William Moerner</a> (2014) • <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Paul Modrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a> (2015) • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Fraser Stoddart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Bernard Feringa</a> (2016) • <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Richard Henderson</a> (2017) • <a href="/wiki/Frances_Hamilton_Arnold" title="Frances Hamilton Arnold">Frances Hamilton Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Pieczenik_Smith" title="George Pieczenik Smith">George Pieczenik Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Paul_Winter" title="Gregory Paul Winter">Gregory Paul Winter</a> (2018) • <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a> (2019) • <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> (2020) • <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan_(chimico)" title="David MacMillan (chimico)">David MacMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a> (2021) • <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi" title="Carolyn R. Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Morten Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a> (2022) • <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi Bawendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Ekimov" title="Aleksej Ekimov">Aleksej Ekimov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> (2023) • <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochimico)" title="David Baker (biochimico)">David Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a> (2024)</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Vincitori_Medaglia_Davy_2001-2050"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vincitori_Medaglia_Davy_2001-2050" title="Template:Vincitori Medaglia Davy 2001-2050"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Vincitori_Medaglia_Davy_2001-2050&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Vincitori Medaglia Davy 2001-2050 (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Vincitori_Medaglia_Davy_2001-2050&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Vincitori <a href="/wiki/Medaglia_Davy" title="Medaglia Davy">Medaglia Davy</a> 2001-2050 (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alastair_Ian_Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alastair Ian Scott (la pagina non esiste)">Alastair Ian Scott</a> (2001)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Bartlett" title="Neil Bartlett">Neil Bartlett</a> (2002)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Parsons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Parsons (la pagina non esiste)">Roger Parsons</a> (2003)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeshi_Oka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takeshi Oka (la pagina non esiste)">Takeshi Oka</a> (2004)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Dobson" title="Christopher Dobson">Christopher Dobson</a> (2005)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Pope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Pope (la pagina non esiste)">Martin Pope</a> (2006)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Simons_(chimico)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Simons (chimico) (la pagina non esiste)">John Simons</a> (2007)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Fraser Stoddart</a> (2008)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremy_Sanders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremy Sanders (la pagina non esiste)">Jeremy Sanders</a> (2009)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Vivien_Robinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Vivien Robinson (la pagina non esiste)">Carol Vivien Robinson</a> (2010)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a> (2011)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Armstrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fraser Armstrong (la pagina non esiste)">Fraser Armstrong</a> (2012)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graham_Hutchings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graham Hutchings (la pagina non esiste)">Graham Hutchings</a> (2013)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_Grey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clare Grey (la pagina non esiste)">Clare Grey</a> (2014)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gideon_Davies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gideon Davies (la pagina non esiste)">Gideon Davies</a> (2015)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Mann_(chimico)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Mann (chimico) (la pagina non esiste)">Stephen Mann</a> (2016)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Rosseinsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Rosseinsky (la pagina non esiste)">Matthew Rosseinsky</a> (2017)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._Pyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John A. Pyle (la pagina non esiste)">John A. Pyle</a> (2018)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox_abovebelow"><small><a href="/wiki/Template:Vincitori_Medaglia_Davy_1877-1900" title="Template:Vincitori Medaglia Davy 1877-1900">1877-1900</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Vincitori_Medaglia_Davy_1901-1950" title="Template:Vincitori Medaglia Davy 1901-1950">1901-1950</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Vincitori_Medaglia_Davy_1951-2000" title="Template:Vincitori Medaglia Davy 1951-2000">1951-2000</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Vincitori_Medaglia_Davy_2001-2050" title="Template:Vincitori Medaglia Davy 2001-2050">2001-2024</a></small></th></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Premio_Arthur_C._Cope"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Arthur_C._Cope" title="Template:Premio Arthur C. Cope"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Premio_Arthur_C._Cope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Premio Arthur C. Cope (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Premio_Arthur_C._Cope&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Vincitori del <a href="/wiki/Premio_Arthur_C._Cope" title="Premio Arthur C. Cope">Premio Arthur C. Cope</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">ACS</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a> (1973) • <a href="/wiki/Donald_James_Cram" title="Donald James Cram">Donald James Cram</a> (1974) • <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias James Corey</a> (1975) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orville_L._Chapman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orville L. Chapman (la pagina non esiste)">Orville L. Chapman</a> (1978) • <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a> (1980) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_H._Westheimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank H. Westheimer (la pagina non esiste)">Frank H. Westheimer</a> (1982) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_J._Eschenmoser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert J. Eschenmoser (la pagina non esiste)">Albert J. Eschenmoser</a> (1984) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duilio_Arigoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duilio Arigoni (la pagina non esiste)">Duilio Arigoni</a> (1986) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Breslow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Breslow (la pagina non esiste)">Ronald Breslow</a> (1987) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_B._Wiberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth B. Wiberg (la pagina non esiste)">Kenneth B. Wiberg</a> (1988) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Summer_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Summer Johnson (la pagina non esiste)">William Summer Johnson</a> (1989) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koji_Nakanishi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koji Nakanishi (la pagina non esiste)">Koji Nakanishi</a> (1990) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_L._Closs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard L. Closs (la pagina non esiste)">Gerhard L. Closs</a> (1991) • <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a> (1992) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_B._Dervan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter B. Dervan (la pagina non esiste)">Peter B. Dervan</a> (1993) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_D._Roberts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John D. Roberts (la pagina non esiste)">John D. Roberts</a> (1994) • <a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a> (1995) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_G._Bergman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert G. Bergman (la pagina non esiste)">Robert G. Bergman</a> (1996) • <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryōji Noyori</a> (1997) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_J._Danishefsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel J. Danishefsky (la pagina non esiste)">Samuel J. Danishefsky</a> (1998) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_F._Hirschmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph F. Hirschmann (la pagina non esiste)">Ralph F. Hirschmann</a> (1999) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_A._Evans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David A. Evans (la pagina non esiste)">David A. Evans</a> (2000) • <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Andrew Olah</a> (2001) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Robert Grubbs</a> (2002) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Larry_E._Overman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larry E. Overman (la pagina non esiste)">Larry E. Overman</a> (2003) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_M._Trost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry M. Trost (la pagina non esiste)">Barry M. Trost</a> (2004) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=K.C._Nicolaou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K.C. Nicolaou (la pagina non esiste)">K.C. Nicolaou</a> (2005) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_G._Schultz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter G. Schultz (la pagina non esiste)">Peter G. Schultz</a> (2006) • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fr%C3%A9chet" title="Jean Fréchet">Jean Fréchet</a> (2007) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Fraser Stoddart</a> (2008) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manfred_T._Reetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manfred T. Reetz (la pagina non esiste)">Manfred T. Reetz</a> (2009) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kendall_N._Houk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kendall N. Houk (la pagina non esiste)">Kendall N. Houk</a> (2010) • <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Turro" title="Nicholas Turro">Nicholas Turro</a> (2011) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chi-Huey_Wong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chi-Huey Wong (la pagina non esiste)">Chi-Huey Wong</a> (2012) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_L._Buchwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen L. Buchwald (la pagina non esiste)">Stephen L. Buchwald</a> (2013) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Schreiber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuart Schreiber (la pagina non esiste)">Stuart Schreiber</a> (2014) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_A._Wender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul A. Wender (la pagina non esiste)">Paul A. Wender</a> (2015) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Jacobsen_(chimico)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Jacobsen (chimico) (la pagina non esiste)">Eric Jacobsen</a> (2016) • <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi" title="Carolyn R. Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> (2017) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Ley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Ley (la pagina non esiste)">Steven Ley</a> (2018) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dieter_Seebach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieter Seebach (la pagina non esiste)">Dieter Seebach</a> (2019) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_A._Dougherty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis A. Dougherty (la pagina non esiste)">Dennis A. Dougherty</a> (2020)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/66526866">66526866</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000114740905">0000 0001 1474 0905</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Open_Researcher_and_Contributor_ID" title="Open Researcher and Contributor ID">ORCID</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-3697">0000-0003-3161-3697</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n83828506">n83828506</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/172484928">172484928</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12276682h">cb12276682h</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12276682h">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007453811605171">987007453811605171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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