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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori_podataka_i_njihovo_interpretiranje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori_podataka_i_njihovo_interpretiranje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Izvori podataka i njihovo interpretiranje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori_podataka_i_njihovo_interpretiranje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kritike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Filogenetsko stablo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 42 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="شجرة تطور السلالات – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شجرة تطور السلالات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فيلوجينيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فيلوجينيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rbol_filoxen%C3%A9ticu" title="Árbol filoxenéticu – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Árbol filoxenéticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filogenetsko_stablo" title="Filogenetsko stablo – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Filogenetsko stablo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbre_filogen%C3%A8tic" title="Arbre filogenètic – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arbre filogenètic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fylogenetick%C3%BD_strom" title="Fylogenetický strom – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fylogenetický strom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetischer_Baum" title="Phylogenetischer Baum – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phylogenetischer Baum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phylogenetic tree" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filogeneza_arbo" title="Filogeneza arbo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filogeneza arbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rbol_filogen%C3%A9tico" title="Árbol filogenético – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Árbol filogenético" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="درخت تبارزایی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درخت تبارزایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoluutiopuu" title="Evoluutiopuu – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Evoluutiopuu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbre_phylog%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Arbre phylogénétique – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arbre phylogénétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crann_f%C3%ADliginiteach" title="Crann fíliginiteach – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Crann fíliginiteach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rbore_filoxen%C3%A9tica" title="Árbore filoxenética – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Árbore filoxenética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A5_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99" title="עץ פילוגנטי – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עץ פילוגנטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="वर्गानुवंशिक वृक्ष – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वर्गानुवंशिक वृक्ष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohon_filogenetika" title="Pohon filogenetika – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pohon filogenetika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albero_filogenetico" title="Albero filogenetico – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Albero filogenetico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%A8%B9" title="系統樹 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="系統樹" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Эволюциялық ағаш – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эволюциялық ағаш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5%EC%88%98" title="계통수 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="계통수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbor_filojenetical_de_vive" title="Arbor filojenetical de vive – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arbor filojenetical de vive" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Филогенетско дрво – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Филогенетско дрво" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="വംശവൃക്ഷം (ജീവശാസ്ത്രം) – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വംശവൃക്ഷം (ജീവശാസ്ത്രം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokok_filogenetik" title="Pokok filogenetik – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pokok filogenetik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fylogenetische_stamboom" title="Fylogenetische stamboom – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fylogenetische stamboom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamtre_(evolusjon)" title="Stamtre (evolusjon) – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stamtre (evolusjon)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbre_filogenetic" title="Arbre filogenetic – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arbre filogenetic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drzewo_filogenetyczne" title="Drzewo filogenetyczne – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drzewo filogenetyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rvore_filogen%C3%A9tica" title="Árvore filogenética – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Árvore filogenética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbore_filogenetic" title="Arbore filogenetic – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arbore filogenetic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Филогенетическое дерево – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Филогенетическое дерево" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filogenetsko_stablo" title="Filogenetsko stablo – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Filogenetsko stablo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filogenetsko_stablo" title="Filogenetsko stablo – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Filogenetsko stablo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punong_pilohenetiko" title="Punong pilohenetiko – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Punong pilohenetiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filogenetik_a%C4%9Fac%C4%B1" title="Filogenetik ağacı – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Filogenetik ağacı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Філогенетичне дерево – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філогенетичне дерево" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Phylogenetic_tree.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phylogenetic_tree.svg/langhr-200px-Phylogenetic_tree.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phylogenetic_tree.svg/langhr-300px-Phylogenetic_tree.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phylogenetic_tree.svg/langhr-400px-Phylogenetic_tree.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1860" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>Filogenetsko stablo temeljeno na <a href="/wiki/RRNK" class="mw-redirect" title="RRNK">rRNK</a> genima</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Filogenetsko stablo</b> pokazuje <a href="/wiki/Evolucija_(biologija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolucija (biologija)">evolucijske</a> odnose između raznih <a href="/wiki/Vrsta" title="Vrsta">vrsta</a> ili drugih dijelova za koje se pretpostavlja da imaju zajedničke pretke. Time je filogenetsko stablo ustvari oblik <a href="/wiki/Kladogram" title="Kladogram">kladograma</a>. Svako grananje od predaka označava na stablu najbližeg zajedničkog pretka. Dužine grana označavaju procijenjeno vrijeme kroz koje su se grupe <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje">životinja</a> odvojeno razvijale, ili broj <a href="/wiki/Mutacija" title="Mutacija">mutacija</a> koje su se u tom vremenu dogodile. Svako čvorište na filogenetskom stablu smatra se <i>taksonomskom zajednicom</i>, pri čemu se unutrašnja čvoričta smatraju <i><a href="/wiki/Hipoteza" title="Hipoteza">hipotetičkom</a> taksonomskom zajednicom</i>, ako se odgovarajuće vrste ne mogu promatrati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori_podataka_i_njihovo_interpretiranje">Izvori podataka i njihovo interpretiranje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenetsko_stablo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori podataka i njihovo interpretiranje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenetsko_stablo&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori podataka i njihovo interpretiranje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Filogenetska stabla danas se grade uglavnom na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Analiza_segmenata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analiza segmenata (stranica ne postoji)">analizi segmenata</a> <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gena</a> pojedinih <a href="/wiki/Vrsta" title="Vrsta">vrsta</a>. Pri tome se izračunavaju dužine pojedinih segmenata istog gena (ili eventualno istih gena) određene vrste i koriste se sličnosti i razlike za izgradnju stabla. Vrste čiji su segmenti slični, vjerojatno se na stablu nalaze bliže od onih, kod kojih se iste sekvence jako razlikuju. Kako kompleksnost izračuna takvih stabala s brojem segmenata eksponencijalno raste, za generiranje stabala koristi se <a href="/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika">heuristika</a>. U standardne metode molekularno filogenetičke konstrukcije stabla spada više matematičko-statističkih metoda. </p><p>Cilj izrade filogenetskog stabla je što detaljnije objašnjenje <a href="/wiki/Evolucija_(biologija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolucija (biologija)">evolucije</a>. Danas je poznato, da se geni nisu razvijali ravnomjerno. Neki geni koji se danas nalaze kod <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek">čovjeka</a>, imaju zajedničkog pretka samo s <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cimpanza" class="mw-redirect" title="Čimpanza">čimpanzama</a>, dok se neki drugi pojavljuju kod svih <a href="/wiki/Sisavci" title="Sisavci">sisavaca</a>, i tome slično. </p><p>Zbog toga se može dogoditi, da filogenetske analize različitih gena iste vrste rezultiraju različitim filogenetskim stablima od kojih je svako korektno. Kako bi se utvrdio razvojni slijed kao i grananja u <a href="/wiki/Evolucija_(biologija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolucija (biologija)">evoluciji</a> pojedinih <a href="/wiki/Vrsta" title="Vrsta">vrsta</a>, neophodno je ispitivanje različitih područja (segmenata) gena. Osim toga, u interpretaciji treba uzeti u obzir kako rezultate klasične <a href="/wiki/Filogeneza" title="Filogeneza">filogeneze</a> tako i <a href="/wiki/Morfologija_(biologija)" title="Morfologija (biologija)">morfološka</a> obilježja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritike">Kritike</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenetsko_stablo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Kritike" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenetsko_stablo&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kritike"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Po definiciji, filogenetička stabla ne mogu predstavljati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hibridiziranje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hibridiziranje (stranica ne postoji)">hibridiziranje</a> niti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lateralni_transfer_gena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lateralni transfer gena (stranica ne postoji)">lateralni transfer gena</a>, koji su također važne metode prijenosa gena. Zbog toga, neki znanstvenici zastupaju stanovište, da ne treba istraživati filogenetsko stablo, nego bi trebalo istraživati <i>filogenetsku mrežu</i> (ona se od filogenetskog stabla razlikuje time, da dozvoljava "poprečne veze" između vrsta koje inače nisu direktno srodne).</li> <li>Stabla, koja ne sadrže <a href="/wiki/Izumiranje" title="Izumiranje">izumrle</a> <a href="/wiki/Vrsta" title="Vrsta">vrste</a> treba interpretirati s oprezom.</li></ul> <p><i>vidi i</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filogeneza" title="Filogeneza">Filogeneza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupiranje" title="Grupiranje">Grupiranje</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenetsko_stablo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenetsko_stablo&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/tree">Tree of Life Web-Projekt (engleski)</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filogenetsko_stablo&oldid=7049788">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filogenetsko_stablo&oldid=7049788</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Filogenetika" title="Kategorija:Filogenetika">Filogenetika</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 31. listopada 2024. u 12:30.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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