CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135cfb06da28352',cH: 'QxNHr9z2.ad1FIck2wTZOJU_0a7UsKenhJP89bvWRHU-1739795663-1.2.1.1-uPWHcDLT5yiilbMa4Bf5qDn2te8DFlFEyrNP.MkSJ937kpt6eBWEMDQ5DoZXMCiR',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Yasser%20M.%20Saad&__cf_chl_tk=97byoMqaqQCcWwm4NujeDGdUl_YezQQdvXuuw2.IS.Q-1739795663-1.0.1.1-2VHmixfpoNovN_wItQflGdUxqNPskqVcAWMpWCBqlQo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795663',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=Yasser%20M.%20Saad&__cf_chl_f_tk=97byoMqaqQCcWwm4NujeDGdUl_YezQQdvXuuw2.IS.Q-1739795663-1.0.1.1-2VHmixfpoNovN_wItQflGdUxqNPskqVcAWMpWCBqlQo",md: "A4IzJt_yBQ8mvO8B_ffOKUguHP4LAnh2kIvHtgJlAtw-1739795663-1.2.1.1-CyWKHd4Sx3t9QUrs5Eq6AuQm0iB9j_Vxbu4LM1S395urMaEAEtJuVyqMDx2VKDrMchzyi2t01PQELyTQlBb3bA.NUQcBeCHLfWzmFWnmVuJxlvp3cjbwAug2bB_34WbGrLTJSSpY9vXo2AzZdo_wKTkjSJmKCQ4sOizB2rCQK6rw1hqosy5tp.L3cAEzgHdbWIV5ZJG2xqyXZGatLFPtEc1OV9u78Qz3JSA4h3fi5OLac4jadJcIpg2BsVojhUfoOPhWoEIiIt1fk7jEjubiWX4rL_7wqXz6eFojGN1PFaHJzboNrlllTp.qYQmFMAocPE4ius3Q46SrsWBhtXJiKdD67nnzXM33qRRti_rU2UNlnlQpfiZp8uGXh0XyoqLPk088AfYc162uAuyBmg6WSLML5vI17NT0BSTT0cwLMo48_Zoj3qayFdPTT6lU3c7LymIlepUexr_EkzBA3v1qavO_oVYHXwMvoKUK83w5MVlrgzGr.b0Bi8KKdUuKuXll7OmmFnkJoJIjgUGLTEuJVp0B9PvyvWRqX9NS9F3L8Qc_kFFaJN1ZK7wU_dFmjrzuYaVeiYbbXFuWh0mfLZHw7uqVa484GB3Xxi83_fWvcK4n9PwXT_zedZObR5.rsrk5dUu70DZtJvKBKx83NpNqWTLefurD_0s1Rsi9zWHDDg2woahD3c.Zd.OFFkeP5fI5jCCxteHTrKR84nel9okiPTd2yidUTypjQqXJOoJ83YImwDB7mV2yrjtFUbp8Lxqj5ySTGBumwh3xYbWyc_CVVln8nPmQ.FSIIOp3aspbxNQwBK2r1PiOoVPgRSBdAZQF5hQQoH0tXNMXa9k8f2TsI5EvktUeCxqyO55zJEH6arvIihJpGJo8yhGwXI8nRY3qxcPsRvW8iHfsV2cNJx3EXOg7XaBI7XMTvQue40nr6A4etH_QUgiICQeIqODFJrjQRzdcoFKslDMgyqVJE_6LqQEgzLMIJMpWXmf6c7gnVEUL_3FrjpBRxHpcMm9R_Zkg9oTH4NG2o95rK3FD_.arr5WrS105IX1xWX6qjr12wTj0__tyQPdela3F0kqNoDFiIPHGdqXDaTZpc03tS6GtOw8WIwLRIDgpZJ0Z71_cwIEDSHhAph6Yr_PZeld80L7LMUN7ejC452g2l0Jq7D31R1kI2lYeVIzxX2zUQoedSRSOX29mVhkESYSYu0A3omP_.EEoq2C350l1It4gRGccW_g.fqJpdWTFU_aLhHyPKq6VY_3Y26k23Q3PKZps4V_jafs3mDHOAeX_ngbr.bDp0VDNcl1fLZZ8nEUwUyjiOI9fITV5AzjT8UMdwBbS6H9aIyy.pxEu9puD8CqNaCtnGwQxXDZ_Ft6RcYBiS_hqB7AcC8CIEB_TLU_qicm97U84fk4GGaBIkqa_4ga64Wnjp4J99OCnutR937qB_TwBKSXNgB3QMRoulrWhTC9re.3h3kcUywR_YZzZ_UhtICdwubuM9lo74HN3Ud50jC_DtpNMIS0tQs9o7m5_80bnfhYv2DtesQY_7k3PUJIiJEo0NU.kV9jEMiZCZhK3_J0Y0zhPlx_tiUHGyl4Fmn.TS6ll1329yJMJavxuxZlqk45rpxu.0eLYCgZAlY8Ui5UgR4GlXUK0S0QJFPse9S8KtkqRD4l_cemyFsKoRU1XHVyETdZrZtDY.59hDpyrV0y3y2xWRzEiAyWDImJYXQifSne6dKfswuuDgurXGXdtTIbnaBUu_nzfd9JJAf7NUbojfj9k89nX3skAz8VR.zUAO42n_AoHXxzG2geeNKIOnYX7YJpc8tjTDonihu7bavrKClHpgH9jKEbJV4lEFnhw_dyhXV5aH3Hf4DqFGfQ3jXLDrObJIAGjo8LIZkKy0ix6w_USY3uNqDnHzp6LEFNiXkLIvt01W9UnpsrZln6k1RcSWg",mdrd: "nqSkG5.KH0soePvT06d63IJ662_Sgwwzu1O3vsKGLqE-1739795663-1.2.1.1-TzWgCiDzAJygoXq5KoPF8YLiecb4w7cCJ.ki4p.HiLgH_xmBBODwAciuwV8q.8hkWvQ0qU26Eh62zRiCmCMteDcUN89.Z4nxseMlzBaVUXKus5ApFtFOPW8cnDi29DUwcrXx5jGn8wJVvvTXHWrRZPoVzV3A0WAOXyPxfpfeg3.bofb_NDQCfmExyW3851UWElt8h6L.ohf6lUYi2zzSiA6QNbyLeu4XdA1AJbT1z_zxrJhvlsojgLkbtqrJcDMBqmcha8zYK73ubyM17iW3tIYUO0YFsOJeYoQxvfgmtM_VV8r.ZBS_DG0_9DKH9nPW0XtQ9U1X3Q0LsAOlznPTeQc2cIzJ05JeJq.aWcoAm3OcFyyKqy12FQtG070r1goQDTQUhRt9ZEOg5bi9XLFUyGi_jcS3FipaTh.IxWXnaQwB6bQZVenyokwIm7c2hUtCXyMS9BozJNZUxgfu4v55s40PJD2_0Y5fOerCUheyIUwYqx7aTOb7rE4LdPB25Iqy4bbfSqbWq0fBoBqTqGs_abFnIqZ15U0a9jh7nZE0RfBl_HQ5JBAwBx9pMiPzeNHe35ar6iegHz5I94HSZ96QQg5H73xFF1qqZxdjAdBMq7c6x2SPk0mcKSuwYZ_UVaEjfKIbhVSiihCRbWhJstGgiygFVzFBrHJIBGI5w6NpwF3WEWtmO7cXJwLsP_vbyJWmieLZW0Oz3jJtOpdPSmp.fMwu0x67NNVI8datcblTXc17lGiE.Qc_DJMQRmalEiBAY4RV60oKwjt5iE7gtlK5z7epMIuTCVnDThgRZAvycMK94_OyAjW5nYh09sw_LCDr_JdMYrtF198Ka2zZagb6uXom17CWjEvG0DcjvN8UIFHH2PWtkknR3BBqFvOYCZzUcWboaYWETpIIIqxHUwUTbqr8Sui0aMjv1ZayHwRL.L_HwPMZOF0367Kc2uHTxhohrmFTqY7f9JF7PLd.oC7KnuBriQ9CatQAp_ZLhcCNv3wzeIdJ5TrObKQ6ixUyl9ahCe3Mnl868UDgA_YuZ7x3N7uZdFWLl9i6R0a.4DUcC5qHVfbTMqu8oavzc8mpaJqvfnSZ0dtNDMbm_wam41Xoe.AbgPwScxutZS5phLh33T9PxUn8GFw1ie2psJxliBopHLvZJptk9R85WIC1P_IjpN5hiOf3BDYNxYjanLhe2Wud7weFGzb0H5ARtEquTopKq.3egH7P_C3pH_2sxAjvmsjXXPDJKrv7AQS25uLlPJ6me4P3rRV2gbenJA5doR9ql93J5LXhzXkOYIHVuoOu12VcuhpnhHtrsGu7vub6eU0P3l6PKsU_grlh2Px3PIqg6xgLtwB_lJDdZ8LpyBTFoXicsoaOnchFi2C_SCO6Lj5CRm4B1Xt71v3zH19rsWR_1gmD.T_BmPQf2gY21KS4vwz02Y.jxV4YXk.0CX6X7VQ3XdlYXXMmj_m_l6itiiHv8EwOs6nP7edqdUt68U2EDspsTGdGvZxJR7F2e7yk5zxIjbdoqkRdd6yBDodU747MySOX49Mpn5pviJfhnbFqu7TUqWOPFIgaeSCyS784vi5nM0X0mU.NzYsM_KArGw.gUhkTZObL7JXnR5In0Ubb58hockQL4AqocCqRo4ZHcAawEmvW4_sSt5fV_Saotrwyfxndyn2whmGO3DOP7vmQtevev8pfjBrZnLRJgm9_dEU5ChdA.AJa8W7rsEgUtnDQpbWgRjSRb6HbZngklfnweBVCw1Lz5l_8WwCAm3O5c59.jgR2aurRanGPCGxfEU2RyaaVr3U3hMO6zF5Vz2aArEcRd2ddZqBthfzin._zDHdLrXMOAGHIBCHwZpwOie5gDggw5npuxGze9cdquDkDB3IU52V8UXSmmMKWrTFbJTJ13TcXFCv2PfXGMI9.8BGFMhhqa3T5Z4IDUMCXeX1WIEwVvo7NbCajSdFBTjUikrIyAl0e830Dy4AB69DOZE72"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135cfb06da28352';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Yasser%20M.%20Saad&__cf_chl_rt_tk=97byoMqaqQCcWwm4NujeDGdUl_YezQQdvXuuw2.IS.Q-1739795663-1.0.1.1-2VHmixfpoNovN_wItQflGdUxqNPskqVcAWMpWCBqlQo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>