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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Princip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Princip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Princip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Princip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Známé_veřejné_camery_obscury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Známé_veřejné_camery_obscury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Známé veřejné camery obscury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Známé_veřejné_camery_obscury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Galerie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zajímavosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zajímavosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zajímavosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zajímavosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Camera obscura</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 61 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B8%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9" title="حجرة مظلمة – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حجرة مظلمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_escura" title="Cámara escura – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cámara escura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamera-obskura" title="Kamera-obskura – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kamera-obskura" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Камера-абскура – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камера-абскура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Камера обскура – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Камера обскура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="ক্যামেরা অবস্কিউরা – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যামেরা অবস্কিউরা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambra_obscura" title="Cambra obscura – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cambra obscura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σκοτεινός θάλαμος – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σκοτεινός θάλαμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senluma_kamero" title="Senluma kamero – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Senluma kamero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_oscura" title="Cámara oscura – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cámara oscura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamera_ilun" title="Kamera ilun – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kamera ilun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="دوربین تاریکخانه‌ای – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوربین تاریکخانه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambre_noire" title="Chambre noire – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chambre noire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cjamare_scure" title="Cjamare scure – furlanština" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cjamare scure" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="furlanština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamera_obskura" title="Kamera obskura – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kamera obskura" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_escura" title="Cámara escura – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cámara escura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="קמרה אובסקורה – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קמרה אובסקורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscur" title="Camera obscur – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Camera obscur" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamera_obscura" title="Kamera obscura – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kamera obscura" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igwefoto_gbara_%E1%BB%8Dch%E1%BB%8Bch%E1%BB%8Br%E1%BB%8B" title="Igwefoto gbara ọchịchịrị – igboština" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Igwefoto gbara ọchịchịrị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igboština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_oscura" title="Camera oscura – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Camera oscura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9" title="カメラ・オブスクラ – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カメラ・オブスクラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%9D%BC_%EC%98%B5%EC%8A%A4%EC%BF%A0%EB%9D%BC" title="카메라 옵스쿠라 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카메라 옵스쿠라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Камера-обскура – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Камера-обскура" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_scura" title="Camera scura – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Camera scura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Камера опскура – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Камера опскура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura_(optica)" title="Camera obscura (optica) – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Camera obscura (optica)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambra_escura" title="Cambra escura – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cambra escura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stansia_sombra" title="Stansia sombra – piemonština" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Stansia sombra" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2mera_escura" title="Câmera escura – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Câmera escura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camer%C4%83_obscur%C4%83" title="Cameră obscură – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cameră obscură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Камера-обскура – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Камера-обскура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0mmira_oscura" title="Càmmira oscura – sicilština" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Càmmira oscura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Камера опскура – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Камера опскура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE" title="కెమెరా అబ్స్క్యూరా – telugština" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కెమెరా అబ్స్క్యూరా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2" title="กล้องทาบเงา – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กล้องทาบเงา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Камера-обскура – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Камера-обскура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Camera obscura" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E7%AE%B1" title="暗箱 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="暗箱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E7%AE%B1" title="暗箱 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="暗箱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E7%AE%B1" title="暗箱 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="暗箱" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183998#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Camera_obscura&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Camera_obscura"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Camera_obscura"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Camera_obscura" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Camera_obscura" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&oldid=23789870" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Camera_obscura&id=23789870&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCamera_obscura"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCamera_obscura"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Camera+obscura"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=Camera_obscura&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Camera_obscura" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183998" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote noprint">Tento článek je o optickém zařízení. O hudebním albu <a href="/wiki/Nico" title="Nico">Nico</a> pojednává článek <a href="/wiki/Camera_Obscura_(album)" title="Camera Obscura (album)">Camera Obscura (album)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Camera_obscura_box.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Camera_obscura_box.jpg/220px-Camera_obscura_box.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Camera_obscura_box.jpg/330px-Camera_obscura_box.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Camera_obscura_box.jpg/440px-Camera_obscura_box.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Camera obscura</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Camera.obscura.17.jh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Camera.obscura.17.jh.jpg/220px-Camera.obscura.17.jh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Camera.obscura.17.jh.jpg/330px-Camera.obscura.17.jh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Camera.obscura.17.jh.jpg/440px-Camera.obscura.17.jh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption><i>Camera obscura</i> v manuskriptu <i>Principia Optices</i>, 17. století</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Camera_obscura_Prague.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Camera_obscura_Prague.jpg/220px-Camera_obscura_Prague.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Camera_obscura_Prague.jpg/330px-Camera_obscura_Prague.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Camera_obscura_Prague.jpg/440px-Camera_obscura_Prague.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Otvor v jedné malostranské střeše vytváří na zdi panorama jižního průčelí Pražského hradu o velikosti asi 4x2 metry</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Palingenesis-01-fotografia-otworkowa-styk-13x18cm-odbitka-srebrowa-2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Palingenesis-01-fotografia-otworkowa-styk-13x18cm-odbitka-srebrowa-2004.jpg/220px-Palingenesis-01-fotografia-otworkowa-styk-13x18cm-odbitka-srebrowa-2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Palingenesis-01-fotografia-otworkowa-styk-13x18cm-odbitka-srebrowa-2004.jpg/330px-Palingenesis-01-fotografia-otworkowa-styk-13x18cm-odbitka-srebrowa-2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Palingenesis-01-fotografia-otworkowa-styk-13x18cm-odbitka-srebrowa-2004.jpg/440px-Palingenesis-01-fotografia-otworkowa-styk-13x18cm-odbitka-srebrowa-2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Dobiszewski" title="Tomasz Dobiszewski">Tomasz Dobiszewski</a>: <i>Paligenesis</i>, 2004, nasnímáno camerou obscurou</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Polish_20200914_151907991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Polish_20200914_151907991.jpg/220px-Polish_20200914_151907991.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Polish_20200914_151907991.jpg/330px-Polish_20200914_151907991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Polish_20200914_151907991.jpg/440px-Polish_20200914_151907991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1586" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption>Fotografie Pomníku jezdecké srážky u <a href="/wiki/St%C5%99ezetice" title="Střezetice">Střezetic</a> 1866. Nasnímáno camerou obscurou na fotografický papír.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Camera obscura</b> (z lat. <i>temná komora</i>), <b>dírková komora</b> nebo <b>pinhole</b> je <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optické</a> zařízení používané jako pomůcka <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%AD%C5%99" title="Malíř">malířů</a> a předchůdce <a href="/wiki/Fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Fotoaparát">fotoaparátu</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Princip">Princip</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Princip" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Princip"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Camera obscura je v principu schránka (třeba i velikosti místnosti) s otvorem v jedné stěně. Světlo z vnější scény po průchodu otvorem dopadne na konkrétní místo na protější stěně. Promítalo-li se na papír, mohl malíř obraz jednoduše obkreslit. Výhodou této techniky bylo zachování perspektivy a tím větší realističnost výsledného obrazu. </p><p>S popsaným jednoduchým aparátem byl promítaný obraz vždy menší než ve skutečnosti a převrácený. V <a href="/wiki/18._stolet%C3%AD" title="18. století">18. století</a> byla používána konstrukce se zrcadlem, která obraz promítala na průsvitný papír položený na skleněné desce na vrchu skříňky. </p><p>Se zmenšujícím se otvorem je promítaný obraz ostřejší, ale zároveň se snižuje jeho jas. Je-li otvor příliš malý, ostrost se opět začne zhoršovat vlivem <a href="/wiki/Difrakce" title="Difrakce">difrakce</a>. Pozdější camery obscury používaly místo otvorů <a href="/wiki/Objektiv" title="Objektiv">objektivy</a>, umožňující větší průměr při zachování ostrosti obrazu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Historie"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5._stolet%C3%AD_p%C5%99._n._l." title="5. století př. n. l.">5. století př. n. l.</a> – čínský filozof <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mo_Ti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mo Ti (stránka neexistuje)">Mo Ti</a> popsal princip jevu, při kterém světlo procházející malým otvorem do temné místnosti vytvoří na protější stěně převrácený obraz předmětů před otvorem.<sup id="cite_ref-nash_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/350_p%C5%99._n._l." title="350 př. n. l.">350 př. n. l.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aristotel%C3%A9s" title="Aristotelés">Aristoteles</a> popsal ve svém díle princip camery obscury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1020" title="1020">1020</a> – Arabský fyzik, matematik a filozof <a href="/wiki/Alhazen" title="Alhazen">Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Hajtham</a> známý jako Alhazen se zabýval lomem a odrazem světla a čočkami. Používal přitom desku s dírkou, před kterou vyrovnal svíčky. Jejich obraz se promítal na druhé straně desky a zakrýváním svíček zjistil, že obraz levé svíčky se promítne vpravo, z čehož odvodil, že světlo se šíří přímočaře. Arabové používali v astronomii při určování polohy <a href="/wiki/Slunce" title="Slunce">Slunce</a> nebo <a href="/wiki/Zatm%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_Slunce" title="Zatmění Slunce">slunečních zatmění</a> přístroj nazvaný později camera obscura.<sup id="cite_ref-nash_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a> – V díle <i>De Radio Astronomica et Geometrica</i> holandský astronom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regnie_Gemma_Frisius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regnie Gemma Frisius (stránka neexistuje)">Regnie Gemma Frisius</a> uveřejnil první nákres camery obscury, s jejíž pomocí o rok dříve pozoroval zatmění Slunce.<sup id="cite_ref-nash_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1485" title="1485">1485</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> popsal ve svém spisu <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Atlanticus" title="Codex Atlanticus">Codex Atlanticus</a></i> (na kterém pracoval v letech 1478–1519) praktické pokusy s využitím jevu, který nazval camera obscura čili temná místnost, a na jejich základě odvodil vztah mezi funkcí oka a perspektivou.<sup id="cite_ref-nash_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gerolamo_Cardano" title="Gerolamo Cardano">Gerolamo Cardano</a> zabudoval do vstupního otvoru camery obscury skleněnou čočku a tím výrazně zjasnil přenášený obraz.<sup id="cite_ref-nash_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemma_Frisius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemma Frisius (stránka neexistuje)">Gemma Frisius</a> vsadil <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Co%C4%8Dka_(optika)" title="Čočka (optika)">čočku</a> do vstupního otvoru camery obscury, aby zvýšil <a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%9Btelnost" title="Světelnost">světelnost</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1558" title="1558">1558</a> – Neapolský vědec <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_della_Porta" title="Giambattista della Porta">Giovanni Battista della Porta</a> ve svém díle <i>Magia Naturalis</i> (<i>Přírodní magie</i>) zveřejnil ucelený popis camery obscury. Pro obveselení promítal svým hostům obrazy herců na stěnu s takovým úspěchem, že ho inkvizice málem dostala na hranici.<sup id="cite_ref-nash_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a> <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_della_Porta" title="Giambattista della Porta">Giambattista della Porta</a> vynalezl clonku ke zlepšení ostrosti kresby jednoduché spojné čočky.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Barbaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Barbaro (stránka neexistuje)">Daniel Barbaro</a> zlepšil ostrost kresby jednoduché spojné čočky camery obscury zavedením clonky.<sup id="cite_ref-nash_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Kepler" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Kepler">Jan Kepler</a> vyvinul přenosnou verzi camery obscury, která se stala vítanou pomůckou malířů krajin.<sup id="cite_ref-nash_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Zahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Zahn (stránka neexistuje)">Johan Zahn</a> popsal vliv čoček o různých ohniskových vzdálenostech na velikost promítnutého obrazu a využití <a href="/wiki/Matnice" title="Matnice">matnice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nash_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>V následujících desetiletích vznikaly různé modifikace camery obscury podle účelu, kterému měly sloužit. Pro vědce, malíře nebo jako turistické atrakce. Vznikaly přístroje se systémem zrcadel pro nepřevrácený obraz, malé kapesní, velké umístěné na rozhlednách a majácích.<sup id="cite_ref-nash_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_B._Woodbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter B. Woodbury">Walter B. Woodbury</a> si sestrojil vlastní cameru obscuru jako student stavebního inženýrství v Manchesteru z krabice na doutníky a brýlových čoček.<sup id="cite_ref-Auer_and_Auer_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auer_and_Auer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Známé_veřejné_camery_obscury"><span id="Zn.C3.A1m.C3.A9_ve.C5.99ejn.C3.A9_camery_obscury"></span>Známé veřejné camery obscury</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Známé veřejné camery obscury" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Známé veřejné camery obscury"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:NRW,_Mulheim_an_der_Ruhr,_MuGa-Park,_Camera_Obscura.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NRW%2C_Mulheim_an_der_Ruhr%2C_MuGa-Park%2C_Camera_Obscura.jpg/220px-NRW%2C_Mulheim_an_der_Ruhr%2C_MuGa-Park%2C_Camera_Obscura.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NRW%2C_Mulheim_an_der_Ruhr%2C_MuGa-Park%2C_Camera_Obscura.jpg/330px-NRW%2C_Mulheim_an_der_Ruhr%2C_MuGa-Park%2C_Camera_Obscura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NRW%2C_Mulheim_an_der_Ruhr%2C_MuGa-Park%2C_Camera_Obscura.jpg/440px-NRW%2C_Mulheim_an_der_Ruhr%2C_MuGa-Park%2C_Camera_Obscura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Camera obscura, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr" title="Mülheim an der Ruhr">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Por%C3%BDn%C3%AD-Vestf%C3%A1lsko" title="Severní Porýní-Vestfálsko">Severní Porýní-Vestfálsko</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C4%9Bmecko" title="Německo">Německo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Camera_Obscura,_Dumfries.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Camera_Obscura%2C_Dumfries.JPG/220px-Camera_Obscura%2C_Dumfries.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Camera_Obscura%2C_Dumfries.JPG/330px-Camera_Obscura%2C_Dumfries.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Camera_Obscura%2C_Dumfries.JPG/440px-Camera_Obscura%2C_Dumfries.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2564" data-file-height="3848" /></a><figcaption>Camera Obscura, <a href="/wiki/Dumfries" title="Dumfries">Dumfries</a>, Velká Británie</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Clifton_Down_-_The_Observatory_(750px).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Clifton_Down_-_The_Observatory_%28750px%29.jpg/220px-Clifton_Down_-_The_Observatory_%28750px%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Clifton_Down_-_The_Observatory_%28750px%29.jpg/330px-Clifton_Down_-_The_Observatory_%28750px%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Clifton_Down_-_The_Observatory_%28750px%29.jpg/440px-Clifton_Down_-_The_Observatory_%28750px%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>Camera Obscura v observatoři Clifton Down, <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, jihozápadní Anglie</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Camera_Obscura8849.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Camera_Obscura8849.jpg/220px-Camera_Obscura8849.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Camera_Obscura8849.jpg/330px-Camera_Obscura8849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Camera_Obscura8849.jpg/440px-Camera_Obscura8849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Pozorování obrazu, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr" title="Mülheim an der Ruhr">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Česko: <ul><li>Camera obscura v parku <a href="/wiki/Milotice_(z%C3%A1mek)" title="Milotice (zámek)">Milotického zámku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znojemsk%C3%A1_radni%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_v%C4%9B%C5%BE" title="Znojemská radniční věž">Znojmo - radniční věž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvary" title="Velvary">Velvary</a> - renesanční Pražská brána</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Německo: <ul><li>Camera obscura s výhledem na oblohu (Sky Space), <a href="/wiki/Unna" title="Unna">Unna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Por%C3%BDn%C3%AD-Vestf%C3%A1lsko" title="Severní Porýní-Vestfálsko">Severní Porýní-Vestfálsko</a>.</li> <li>Camera obscura na hoře <a href="/wiki/Oybin" title="Oybin">Oybin</a> u <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDitava" title="Žitava">Žitavy</a>, postavena v roce 1852, renovovaná v roce 1980–83, 360°-pohled, zajímavost: projekční stěna je střecha <a href="/wiki/Trabant" title="Trabant">trabanta</a>.</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Hainichen" title="Hainichen">Hainichenu</a> u <a href="/wiki/Freiberg" title="Freiberg">Freibergu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sasko" title="Sasko">Sasko</a> postavena 1883, obnovena 1985</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_zur_Vorgeschichte_des_Films&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum zur Vorgeschichte des Films (stránka neexistuje)">Camera obscura</a> v <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr" title="Mülheim an der Ruhr">Mülheimu an der Ruhr</a> 1992</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsches_Filmmuseum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsches Filmmuseum (stránka neexistuje)">Deutsches Filmmuseum</a>, Frankfurt nad Mohanem</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Stade" title="Stade">Stade</a>, Niedersachsen, postavena 2008</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A1%C5%BE%C4%8Fany" title="Drážďany">Drážďanech</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Technische_Sammlungen_der_Stadt_Dresden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technische Sammlungen der Stadt Dresden (stránka neexistuje)">Technische Sammlungen der Stadt Dresden</a></li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadtu</a> (na nové radnici)</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberachu an der Riß</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordanbad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordanbad (stránka neexistuje)">Jordanbad</a> (v <i>Sinnweltu</i>)</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Hamburk" title="Hamburk">Hamburku</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altonaer_Balkon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altonaer Balkon (stránka neexistuje)">Altonaer Balkon</a> (s výhledem na most <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6hlbrand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Köhlbrand (stránka neexistuje)">Köhlbrand</a> a přístav)</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburgu</a> (v zámecké zahradě)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Portugalsko: <ul><li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon">Lisabonu</a> (v opevnění nad městem)</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Taviře</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Španělsko: <ul><li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádizu</a> (Torre Tavira)</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez de la Frontera</a> (Alcázar)</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudela_(Navarra)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tudela (Navarra) (stránka neexistuje)">Tudele</a> (Torre Monreal)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Maďarsko: <ul><li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Eger" title="Eger">Egeru</a> (již v roce 1552 s ní byli pozorováni útočící Turci)</li> <li>Camera obscura na <a href="/wiki/Budape%C5%A1%C5%A5" title="Budapešť">budapešťské</a> Univerzitě</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Velká Británie: <ul><li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburghu</a></li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Dumfries" title="Dumfries">Dumfries</a></li> <li>Camera obscura v observatoři Clifton Down, <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, jihozápadní Anglie</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A1_greenwichsk%C3%A1_observato%C5%99" title="Královská greenwichská observatoř">Greenwichi</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>USA: <ul><li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Franciscu</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Další země: <ul><li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Biel" title="Biel">Biel</a>, Švýcarsko (část Cinécollection Piasio, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_Neuhaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum Neuhaus (stránka neexistuje)">Museum Neuhaus</a>)</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Langenlois" title="Langenlois">Langenlois</a>, Rakousko, ve <i>Weinerlebniswelt Loisium</i></li> <li>Camera obscura na <a href="/wiki/Lomonosovova_univerzita" title="Lomonosovova univerzita">moskevské Lomonosově univerzitě</a></li> <li>Camera obscura Building v <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84gina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ägina (stránka neexistuje)">Ägina</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%98ecko" title="Řecko">Řecko</a>, postavená v roce 2003, 360°-pohled</li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grahamstown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grahamstown (stránka neexistuje)">Grahamstownu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%BEn%C3%AD_Afrika" title="Jižní Afrika">Jižní Afrika</a></li> <li>Camera obscura v <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havaně</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba">Kuba</a> (na náměstí Plaza Vieja)</li> <li>Camera obscura v Hampi, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indie" title="Indie">Indie</a> (klášter Virupaksha).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerie">Galerie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Galerie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Galerie"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Camera_Obscura_(San_Francisco).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Camera Obscura, San Francisco"><img alt="Camera Obscura, San Francisco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Camera_Obscura_%28San_Francisco%29.JPG/120px-Camera_Obscura_%28San_Francisco%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Camera_Obscura_%28San_Francisco%29.JPG/180px-Camera_Obscura_%28San_Francisco%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Camera_Obscura_%28San_Francisco%29.JPG/240px-Camera_Obscura_%28San_Francisco%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="1048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Camera Obscura, San Francisco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Cloud_Chamber_for_the_Trees_and_Sky.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cloud Chamber for the Trees and Sky, North Carolina Museum of Art"><img alt="Cloud Chamber for the Trees and Sky, North Carolina Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cloud_Chamber_for_the_Trees_and_Sky.jpg/120px-Cloud_Chamber_for_the_Trees_and_Sky.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cloud_Chamber_for_the_Trees_and_Sky.jpg/180px-Cloud_Chamber_for_the_Trees_and_Sky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Cloud_Chamber_for_the_Trees_and_Sky.jpg/240px-Cloud_Chamber_for_the_Trees_and_Sky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cloud Chamber for the Trees and Sky, North Carolina Museum of Art</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Foredown_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foredown Tower, Anglie"><img alt="Foredown Tower, Anglie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Foredown_Tower.jpg/120px-Foredown_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Foredown_Tower.jpg/180px-Foredown_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Foredown_Tower.jpg/240px-Foredown_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Foredown Tower, Anglie</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zajímavosti"><span id="Zaj.C3.ADmavosti"></span>Zajímavosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Zajímavosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zajímavosti"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Camera obscura se také objevila v herní sérií <a href="/wiki/Project_Zero" class="mw-disambig" title="Project Zero">Project Zero</a>, kde slouží jako "zbraň" pro lov duchů. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nash-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-nash_1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nash_1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nash_1-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nash_1-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nash_1-4"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nash_1-5"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nash_1-6"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nash_1-7"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">h</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nash_1-8"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">i</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nash_1-9"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">j</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">NASH. <i>Svět fotografie</i> [online]. [cit. 2010-06-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100120154609/http://www.nash.cz/svet/fotodejiny.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2010-01-20.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Sv%C4%9Bt+fotografie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nash.cz%2Fsvet%2Ffotodejiny.html&rft.aulast=nash"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Archivovaná kopie. <i>www.motiobscura.com</i> [online]. [cit. 2011-03-28]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117014334/http://www.motiobscura.com/moti_about.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2012-01-17.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.motiobscura.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motiobscura.com%2Fmoti_about.html&rft.atitle=Archivovan%C3%A1+kopie"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Auer_and_Auer-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Auer_and_Auer_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Auer, Michèle, and Michel Auer. <i>Encyclopédie internationale des photographes de 1839 à nos jours/Photographers Encyclopaedia International 1839 to the Present</i> (Hermance: Editions Camera Obscura, 1985).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Routledge_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Routledge Hill (stránka neexistuje)">Hill, Donald R.</a> (1993), "Islamic Science and Engineering", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh University Press (stránka neexistuje)">Edinburgh University Press</a>, str. 70.</li> <li>Lindberg, D.C. (1976), "Theories of Vision from Al Kindi to Kepler", <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_University_of_Chicago_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The University of Chicago Press (stránka neexistuje)">The University of Chicago Press</a>, Chicago and London.</li> <li>Nazeef, Mustapha (1940), "Ibn Al-Haitham As a Naturalist Scientist", <span style="cursor:help;" data-lang="ar" title="Jazyk cíle odkazu: arabština">(arabsky)</span>, published proceedings of the Memorial Gathering of Al-Hacan Ibn Al-Haitham, 21 December 1939, Egypt Printing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Needham, Joseph</a> (1986). <i>Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 1, Physics</i>. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.</li> <li>Omar, S.B. (1977). "Ibn al-Haitham's Optics", Bibliotheca Islamica, Chicago.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal;">WADE, Nicholas J.; FINGER, Stanley. The eye as an optical instrument: from camera obscura to Helmholtz's perspective. <i>Perception</i>. 2001, s. 1157–1177. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1068%2Fp3210">10.1068/p3210</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721819"><span class="PMID">11721819</span></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=Perception&rft_id=info:doi/10.1068%2Fp3210&rft.atitle=The+eye+as+an+optical+instrument%3A+from+camera+obscura+to+Helmholtz%27s+perspective&rft.date=2001&rft.pages=1157%E2%80%931177&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rft.au=Finger%2C+Stanley"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Citation" title="Šablona:Citation">Citation</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronologie_fotografie" title="Chronologie fotografie">Chronologie fotografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotografick%C3%A1_kamera" title="Fotografická kamera">Fotografická kamera</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Camera_obscura" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Camera obscura">Camera obscura</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinhole.cz">Pinhole.cz – stránky o fotografování a historii camery obscury</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brightbytes.com/cosite/cohome.html">An Appreciation of the Camera Obscura</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.giantcamera.com/">The Camera Obscura in San Francisco</a>—The Giant Camera of San Francisco at Ocean Beach, added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 2001</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camera-obscura.co.uk/">Camera Obscura and World of Illusions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/dumfmuse.html">Dumfries Museum & Camera Obscura, Dumfries, Scotland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140212011806/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/dumfmuse.html">Archivováno</a> 12. 2. 2014 na <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/vermeer_camera_01.shtml">Vermeer and the Camera Obscura</a> by Philip Steadman</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paleo-camera.com/">Paleo-camera</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140706234951/http://www.paleo-camera.com/">Archivováno</a> 6. 7. 2014 na <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. – The camera obscura and the origins of art</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foredown.virtualmuseum.info/camera_obscuras/default.asp">List of all known Camera Obscura</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306164118/http://www.foredown.virtualmuseum.info/camera_obscuras/default.asp">Archivováno</a> 6. 3. 2017 na <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amazingcameraobscura.co.uk">Willett & Patteson</a> Camera Obscura hire and Creation.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst1049.html">Camera Obscura and Outlook Tower, Edinburgh, Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cameraobscuras.com">Cameraobscuras.com</a> George T Keene builds custom camera obscuras like the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Griffith_Observatory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Griffith Observatory (stránka neexistuje)">Griffith Observatory</a> CO in Los Angeles.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615165223/http://www.ntnu.no/1-2-tre/06/">Camera obscura in Trondheim, Norway</a>, built by students of architecture and engineering from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norwegian University of Science and Technology (stránka neexistuje)">Norwegian University of Science and Technology</a> (NTNU)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desolatemetropolis.com/dm/archives/abandonment/hospitals/worcester_state/camera_obscura.html">Desolate Metropolis Photography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101230120417/http://www.desolatemetropolis.com/dm/archives/abandonment/hospitals/worcester_state/camera_obscura.html">Archivováno</a> 30. 12. 2010 na <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adirondackcameraobscura.com/">Mark Ellis' Camera Obscura in Saranac Lake, NY</a> A camera obscura, in the style of an Adirondack mountain cabin, sits by the shore of Lake Flower in the village of Saranac Lake, NY.</li> <li>Fotoreportáž z dílny GHMP na téma <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mariehaisova.rajce.idnes.cz/GHMP_Camera_obscura/">Camera Obscura</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Fotoaparáty"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext"><a href="/wiki/Fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Fotoaparát">Fotoaparáty</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Fotoaparát">Fotoaparáty</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <a href="/wiki/BeetleCam" title="BeetleCam">BeetleCam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bezzrcadlovka" title="Bezzrcadlovka">bezzrcadlovka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bolidov%C3%A1_kamera" title="Bolidová kamera">bolidová kamera</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">camera obscura</a> • <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1lkom%C4%9Brn%C3%BD_fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Dálkoměrný fotoaparát">dálkoměrný</a> • <a href="/wiki/Deskov%C3%A1_kamera" title="Desková kamera">deskový</a> • <a href="/wiki/Digit%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Digitální fotoaparát">digitální</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dvojit%C3%A1_sportovn%C3%AD_panoramatick%C3%A1_kamera" title="Dvojitá sportovní panoramatická kamera">dvojitý sportovní panoramatický</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fotogrammetrick%C3%A1_kamera" title="Fotogrammetrická kamera">fotogrammetrický</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hled%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%BD_fotoapar%C3%A1t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hledáčkový fotoaparát (stránka neexistuje)">hledáčkový</a> • <a href="/wiki/Instantn%C3%AD_fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Instantní fotoaparát">instantní</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kompaktn%C3%AD_fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Kompaktní fotoaparát">kompaktní</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mamut_(fotoapar%C3%A1t)" title="Mamut (fotoaparát)">Mamut</a> • <a href="/wiki/M%C4%9Bchov%C3%BD_fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Měchový fotoaparát">měchový</a> • <a href="/wiki/Panoramatick%C3%BD_fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Panoramatický fotoaparát">panoramatický</a> • <a href="/wiki/Plenoptick%C3%BD_fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Plenoptický fotoaparát">plenoptický</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fotografick%C3%A1_past" title="Fotografická past">fotografická past</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fotografick%C3%A1_pu%C5%A1ka" title="Fotografická puška">fotografická puška</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Action_Electronic" title="Rapid Action Electronic">Rapatronic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sklopn%C3%BD_fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Sklopný fotoaparát">sklopný</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fotografick%C3%A1_kamera" title="Fotografická kamera">skříňový</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stereofotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Stereofotoaparát">stereofotoaparát</a> • <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A9mov%C3%BD_fotoapar%C3%A1t" title="Systémový fotoaparát">systémový</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velkoform%C3%A1tov%C3%A1_kamera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velkoformátová kamera (stránka neexistuje)">velkoformátový</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zrcadlovka" title="Zrcadlovka">zrcadlovka</a></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Fotografie" title="Portál:Fotografie">Fotografie</a> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Citováno z „<a dir="ltr" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&oldid=23789870">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camera_obscura&oldid=23789870</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Kategorie" title="Nápověda:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Technika_fotografie" title="Kategorie:Technika fotografie">Technika fotografie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Historie_fotografie" title="Kategorie:Historie 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