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<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile" /> <meta name="referrer" content="strict-origin" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/favicon/favicon-180.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/favicon/favicon-32.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/favicon/favicon-16.png" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/favicon/favicon.svg" color="#7e50df" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" /> <title>PING Podcast - Apple Podcasts</title><link rel="preconnect" href="//www.apple.com/wss/fonts" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="stylesheet" as="style" href="//www.apple.com/wss/fonts?families=SF+Pro,v4%7CSF+Pro+Icons,v1&display=swap" type="text/css" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="description" content="Listen to APNIC's PING podcast on Apple Podcasts."> <link rel="canonical" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ping/id1591549361"> <meta name="al:ios:app_store_id" content="525463029"> <meta name="al:ios:app_name" content="Apple Podcasts"> <meta name="apple:content_id" content="1591549361"> <meta name="apple:title" content="PING"> <meta name="apple:description" content="Listen to APNIC's PING podcast on Apple Podcasts."> <meta property="og:title" content="PING"> <meta property="og:description" content="Tech News Podcast · 50 Episodes · Updated Biweekly"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Apple Podcasts"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ping/id1591549361"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/1200x1200bf-60.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/1200x1200bf-60.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="PING"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpg"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="PING"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Tech News Podcast · 50 Episodes · Updated Biweekly"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ApplePodcasts"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/1200x1200bf-60.jpg"> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="PING"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">  <script id=schema:show type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"CreativeWorkSeries","name":"PING","description":"PING is a podcast for people who want to look behind the scenes into the workings of the Internet. 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#000000; "> <picture class="svelte-3e3mdo"><source sizes=" (max-width:999px) 270px,(min-width:1000px) and (max-width:1319px) 300px,(min-width:1320px) and (max-width:1679px) 300px,300px" srcset="https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/270x270bb.webp 270w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/300x300bb.webp 300w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/540x540bb.webp 540w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/600x600bb.webp 600w" type="image/webp"> <source sizes=" (max-width:999px) 270px,(min-width:1000px) and (max-width:1319px) 300px,(min-width:1320px) and (max-width:1679px) 300px,300px" srcset="https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/270x270bb-60.jpg 270w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/300x300bb-60.jpg 300w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/540x540bb-60.jpg 540w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/600x600bb-60.jpg 600w" type="image/jpeg"> <img alt="PING" class="artwork-component__contents artwork-component__image svelte-3e3mdo" src="/assets/artwork/1x1.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" style="opacity: 1;"></picture> </div> </div> <div class="description svelte-mr6v6m" data-testid="description"> <div class="truncate-wrapper svelte-11a24rm"><p data-testid="truncate-text" dir="auto" class="content svelte-11a24rm" style="--lines: 3; --line-height: var(--lineHeight, 16); --link-length: 4;">PING is a podcast for people who want to look behind the scenes into the workings of the Internet. Each fortnight we will chat with people who have built and are improving the health of the Internet. The views expressed by the featured speakers are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of APNIC.</p> </div> </div> <div class="secondary-actions svelte-mr6v6m"><div slot="secondary-actions"><div class="cloud-buttons svelte-1k199x4" data-testid="cloud-buttons"><div class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-1k199x4"><div class="follow-button svelte-1mgiikm" data-testid="follow-button"><div class="follow-button__background svelte-1mgiikm" data-svelte-h="svelte-16r4sto"><div class="follow-button__background-fill svelte-1mgiikm"></div></div> <div class="follow-button__button-wrapper svelte-1mgiikm"><div data-testid="button-unfollow" class="follow-button__button follow-button__button--unfollow svelte-1mgiikm"><div class="button svelte-i2es3x pill" data-testid="button-base-wrapper"><button data-testid="button-base" aria-label="Unfollow Show" type="button" disabled class="svelte-i2es3x"> <svg height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path d="M6.233 14.929a.896.896 0 0 0 .79-.438l7.382-11.625c.14-.226.196-.398.196-.578 0-.43-.282-.71-.711-.71-.313 0-.485.1-.672.398l-7.016 11.18-3.64-4.766c-.196-.274-.391-.383-.672-.383-.446 0-.75.304-.75.734 0 .18.078.383.226.57l4.055 5.165c.234.304.476.453.812.453Z"></path></svg> </button> </div></div> <div class="follow-button__button follow-button__button--follow svelte-1mgiikm"><button aria-label="Follow Show" data-testid="button-follow" class="svelte-1mgiikm"><div class="button__content svelte-1mgiikm"><div class="button__content-group svelte-1mgiikm"><div class="button__icon svelte-1mgiikm" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="2" class="add-to-library__glyph add-to-library__glyph-add" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M.784 5.784h3.432v3.432c0 .43.354.784.784.784.43 0 .784-.354.784-.784V5.784h3.432a.784.784 0 1 0 0-1.568H5.784V.784A.788.788 0 0 0 5 0a.788.788 0 0 0-.784.784v3.432H.784a.784.784 0 1 0 0 1.568z" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg></div> <div class="button__text">Follow</div></div></div></button></div></div> </div></div> <amp-contextual-menu-button config="[object Object]" class="svelte-aofnlv"> <span aria-label="MORE" class="more-button svelte-aofnlv more-button--platter" data-testid="more-button" slot="trigger-content"><svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28" class="glyph" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle fill="var(--iconCircleFill, transparent)" cx="14" cy="14" r="14"></circle><path fill="var(--iconEllipsisFill, white)" d="M10.105 14c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.564-1.55-.862 0-1.557.695-1.557 1.55 0 .848.695 1.55 1.557 1.55.855 0 1.564-.702 1.564-1.55zm5.437 0c0-.87-.68-1.55-1.542-1.55A1.55 1.55 0 0012.45 14c0 .848.695 1.55 1.55 1.55.848 0 1.542-.702 1.542-1.55zm5.474 0c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.557-1.55-.87 0-1.564.695-1.564 1.55 0 .848.694 1.55 1.564 1.55.848 0 1.557-.702 1.557-1.55z"></path></svg></span> </amp-contextual-menu-button> </div></div></div></div> </div></div> <div class="section section--episode svelte-1f64bnu" data-testid="section-container" aria-label="Episodes" aria-hidden="false"><div class="header svelte-kxxurt"> <div class="header-title-wrapper svelte-kxxurt"> <h2 class="title svelte-kxxurt title-link" data-testid="header-title"><button type="button" class="title__button svelte-kxxurt" role="link" tabindex="0"><span class="dir-wrapper" dir="auto">Episodes</span> <svg class="chevron" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 64 64" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19.817 61.863c1.48 0 2.672-.515 3.702-1.546l24.243-23.63c1.352-1.385 1.996-2.737 2.028-4.443 0-1.674-.644-3.09-2.028-4.443L23.519 4.138c-1.03-.998-2.253-1.513-3.702-1.513-2.994 0-5.409 2.382-5.409 5.344 0 1.481.612 2.833 1.739 3.96l20.99 20.347-20.99 20.283c-1.127 1.126-1.739 2.478-1.739 3.96 0 2.93 2.415 5.344 5.409 5.344Z"></path></svg></button></h2> </div> <div slot="buttons" class="section-header-buttons svelte-1f64bnu"></div> </div> <div class="shelf-content" data-testid="shelf-content"><ol data-testid="episodes-list" class="svelte-8rlk6b"><li class="svelte-8rlk6b"><div class="episode svelte-zoxxje"> <a data-testid="click-action" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/measuring-dnssec-keying-drift-between-parent-and-child/id1591549361?i=1000678454251" class="link-action svelte-1wtdvjb"> <div data-testid="episode-wrapper" class="episode-wrapper svelte-zoxxje uses-wide-layout"> <div class="episode-details-container svelte-zoxxje"><section class="episode-details-container svelte-5dvoy6 episode-details-container--wide-layout" data-testid="episode-content"><div class="episode-details svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="episode-details__eyebrow svelte-5dvoy6"> <p class="episode-details__published-date svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-details__published-date">2 HR. AGO</p> </div> <div class="episode-details__title svelte-5dvoy6"> <h3 class="episode-details__title-wrapper svelte-5dvoy6" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 3;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"><span class="episode-details__title-text" data-testid="episode-lockup-title">Measuring DNSSEC keying "drift" between parent and child</span></span> </div></h3> </div> <p class="episode-details__summary svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-content__summary" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 1;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa">This time on PING, Peter Thomassen (https://github.com/peterthomassen) from SSE (https://www.securesystems.de/) and DEsec.io (https://desec.io/) discusses his analysis of the failure modes of CDS and CDNSKEY records between parent and child in the DNS. These records are used to provide in-band signalling of the DS record, fundamental to the maintenance of a secure path from the trust anchor to the delegation through all the intermediate parent and grandparent domains. Many people use out-of-band methods to update this DS information, but the CDS and the CDNSKEY records are designed to signal this critical information inside the DNS, avoiding many of the pitfalls of passing through a registry-registrar web service.The problem is, as Peter has discovered, the information across the various nameservers (denoted by the NS record in the DNS) of the child domain can get out of alignment, and the tests a parent zone need to do checking CDS and CDNSKEY information aren't sufficiently specified to wire down this risk.Peter performed a "meta analysis" inside a far larger cohort of DNS data captured by Florian Steurer and Tobias Fiebig at the Max Planck Institute and discovered a low but persisting error rate, a drift in the critical keying information between a zones NS and the parent. Some of these related to transitional states in the DNS (such as when you move registry or DNS provider) but by no means all, and this has motivated Peter and his co-authors to look at improved recommendations for managing CDS/CDNSKEY data, to minimise the risk of inconsistency, and the consequent loss of secure entry path to a domain name.Read more about DNSSEC delegation at the APNIC Blog, and the IETF:* Authenticated bootstrapping of DNSSEC delegations (https://blog.apnic.net/2022/03/08/authenticated-bootstrapping-of-dnssec-delegations/) (NIls Wisiol, APNIC Blog March 2022)* Measurement of CDS/CDNSKEY inconsistencies (https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/119/materials/slides-119-dnsop-measurement-of-cdscdnskey-inconsistencies-01) (IETF119 Presentation, March 2024)* Generalised DNS NOTIFY (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-dnsop-generalized-notify/) (IETF Draft)</span> </div></p> <div class="episode-details__meta svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--meta svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div></div></div> </section> <section class="sub-container svelte-4y8aap lockup-has-artwork uses-wide-layout"><div class="episode-block svelte-4y8aap"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--duration svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div> <div class="episode-duration-container svelte-4y8aap"><div class="duration svelte-rzxh9h duration--alt" data-testid="episode-duration"><div class="progress-bar svelte-rzxh9h"></div> <div class="progress-time svelte-rzxh9h">36 min</div> </div></div> <div class="cloud-buttons-wrapper svelte-4y8aap"><div class="cloud-buttons svelte-1k199x4" data-testid="cloud-buttons"><div class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-1k199x4"><div slot="override-save-button" class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-4y8aap"></div></div> <amp-contextual-menu-button config="[object Object]" class="svelte-aofnlv"> <span aria-label="MORE" class="more-button svelte-aofnlv more-button--non-platter" data-testid="more-button" slot="trigger-content"><svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28" class="glyph" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle fill="var(--iconCircleFill, transparent)" cx="14" cy="14" r="14"></circle><path fill="var(--iconEllipsisFill, white)" d="M10.105 14c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.564-1.55-.862 0-1.557.695-1.557 1.55 0 .848.695 1.55 1.557 1.55.855 0 1.564-.702 1.564-1.55zm5.437 0c0-.87-.68-1.55-1.542-1.55A1.55 1.55 0 0012.45 14c0 .848.695 1.55 1.55 1.55.848 0 1.542-.702 1.542-1.55zm5.474 0c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.557-1.55-.87 0-1.564.695-1.564 1.55 0 .848.694 1.55 1.564 1.55.848 0 1.557-.702 1.557-1.55z"></path></svg></span> </amp-contextual-menu-button> </div></div></div></section></div></div></a> </div> </li><li class="svelte-8rlk6b"><div class="episode svelte-zoxxje"> <a data-testid="click-action" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-ipv6-transition/id1591549361?i=1000676862868" class="link-action svelte-1wtdvjb"> <div data-testid="episode-wrapper" class="episode-wrapper svelte-zoxxje uses-wide-layout"> <div class="episode-details-container svelte-zoxxje"><section class="episode-details-container svelte-5dvoy6 episode-details-container--wide-layout" data-testid="episode-content"><div class="episode-details svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="episode-details__eyebrow svelte-5dvoy6"> <p class="episode-details__published-date svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-details__published-date">NOV 13</p> </div> <div class="episode-details__title svelte-5dvoy6"> <h3 class="episode-details__title-wrapper svelte-5dvoy6" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 3;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"><span class="episode-details__title-text" data-testid="episode-lockup-title">The IPv6 Transition</span></span> </div></h3> </div> <p class="episode-details__summary svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-content__summary" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 1;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa">In his regular monthly spot on PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston (https://blog.apnic.net/author/geoff-huston/) discusses the slowdown in worldwide IPv6 uptake. Although within the Asia-Pacific footprint we have some truly remarkable national statistics, such as India which is now over 80% IPv6 enabled (https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/IN)by APNIC Labs measurements, And Vietnam which is not far behind on 70% (https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/VN) the problem is that worldwide, adjusted for population and considering levels of internet penetration in the developed economies, the pace of uptake overall has not improved and has been essentially linear since 2016 (https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/XA). In some economies like the US, a natural peak of around 50% capability was reached in 2017 (https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/US) and since then uptake has been essentially flat: There is no sign of closure to a global deployment in the US, and many other economies.Geoff takes a high level view of the logisitic supply curve with the early adopters, early and late majority, and laggards, and sees no clear signal that there is a visible endpoint, where a transition to IPv6 will be "done". Instead we're facing a continual dual-stack operation of both IPv4 (increasingly behind Carrier Grade Nats (CGN) deployed inside the ISP) and IPv6.There are success stories in mobile (such as seen in India) and in broadband with central management of the customer router. But, it seems that with the shift in the criticality of routing and numbering to a more name-based steering mechanism and the continued rise of content distribution networks, the pace of IPv6 uptake worldwide has not followed the pattern we had planned for.Read more about the IPv6 transition at the APNIC Blog* The IPv6 Transition (https://blog.apnic.net/2024/10/22/the-ipv6-transition/) (Geoff Huston, APNIC Blog November 2024)* The Transition to IPv6 are we there yet (https://blog.apnic.net/2022/05/04/the-transition-to-ipv6-are-we-there-yet/) (Geoff Huston, APNIC Blog May 2022)</span> </div></p> <div class="episode-details__meta svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--meta svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div></div></div> </section> <section class="sub-container svelte-4y8aap lockup-has-artwork uses-wide-layout"><div class="episode-block svelte-4y8aap"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--duration svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div> <div class="episode-duration-container svelte-4y8aap"><div class="duration svelte-rzxh9h duration--alt" data-testid="episode-duration"><div class="progress-bar svelte-rzxh9h"></div> <div class="progress-time svelte-rzxh9h">1 hr</div> </div></div> <div class="cloud-buttons-wrapper svelte-4y8aap"><div class="cloud-buttons svelte-1k199x4" data-testid="cloud-buttons"><div class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-1k199x4"><div slot="override-save-button" class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-4y8aap"></div></div> <amp-contextual-menu-button config="[object Object]" class="svelte-aofnlv"> <span aria-label="MORE" class="more-button svelte-aofnlv more-button--non-platter" data-testid="more-button" slot="trigger-content"><svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28" class="glyph" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle fill="var(--iconCircleFill, transparent)" cx="14" cy="14" r="14"></circle><path fill="var(--iconEllipsisFill, white)" d="M10.105 14c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.564-1.55-.862 0-1.557.695-1.557 1.55 0 .848.695 1.55 1.557 1.55.855 0 1.564-.702 1.564-1.55zm5.437 0c0-.87-.68-1.55-1.542-1.55A1.55 1.55 0 0012.45 14c0 .848.695 1.55 1.55 1.55.848 0 1.542-.702 1.542-1.55zm5.474 0c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.557-1.55-.87 0-1.564.695-1.564 1.55 0 .848.694 1.55 1.564 1.55.848 0 1.557-.702 1.557-1.55z"></path></svg></span> </amp-contextual-menu-button> </div></div></div></section></div></div></a> </div> </li><li class="svelte-8rlk6b"><div class="episode svelte-zoxxje"> <a data-testid="click-action" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-student-led-ipv6-deployment-at-nitk-karnataka/id1591549361?i=1000675110493" class="link-action svelte-1wtdvjb"> <div data-testid="episode-wrapper" class="episode-wrapper svelte-zoxxje uses-wide-layout"> <div class="episode-details-container svelte-zoxxje"><section class="episode-details-container svelte-5dvoy6 episode-details-container--wide-layout" data-testid="episode-content"><div class="episode-details svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="episode-details__eyebrow svelte-5dvoy6"> <p class="episode-details__published-date svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-details__published-date">OCT 30</p> </div> <div class="episode-details__title svelte-5dvoy6"> <h3 class="episode-details__title-wrapper svelte-5dvoy6" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 3;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"><span class="episode-details__title-text" data-testid="episode-lockup-title">A student-led IPv6 deployment at NITK Karnataka</span></span> </div></h3> </div> <p class="episode-details__summary svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-content__summary" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 1;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa">In this episode of PING, Vanessa Fernandez and Kavya Bhat, two students from the National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) (https://www.nitk.ac.in/) discuss the student led, multi-year project to deploy IPv6 at their campus. Kavya & Vanessa have just graduated, and are moving into their next stages of work and study in computer sciences and network engineering.Across 2023 and 2024 they were able to attend IETF118 and IETF119 and present on their project and it’s experiences to the IPv6 working groups and off-Working Group meetings, in part funded by the APNIC ISIF Project and the APNIC Foundation.This multi-year project is supervised by the NITK Centre for Open-source Software and Hardware (COSH) and has outside review from Dhruv Dhody (ISOC) and Nalini Elkins (Inside Products inc). Former students have also acted as alumni and remain involved in the project as it progresses.We often focus on IPv6 deployment at scale in the telco sector, or experiences with small deployments in labs, but another side of the IPv6 experience is the large campus network, in scale equivalent to a significant factory or government department deployment but in this case undertaken by volunteer staff, with little or no prior experience of networking technology. Vanessa and Kavya talk about their time on the project, and what they got to present at IETF.Read more information on the NITK and their IPv6 deployment project on the APNIC Blog, the IETF website and the APNIC Foundation pages:* Migrating the NITK Surathkal Campus Network to IPv6 (https://apnic.foundation/projects/migrating-nitk-surathkal-campus-network-to-ipv6/) (APNIC Foundation)* How Deploying IPv6 at NITK Led me to IETF (https://blog.apnic.net/2024/07/08/how-deploying-ipv6-at-nitk-led-me-to-ietf/) (Vanessa Fernandez, APNIC Blog)* IPv6 Deployment at NITK (https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/118/materials/slides-118-v6ops-ipv6-deployment-at-nitk-00) (IETF118 Presentation)</span> </div></p> <div class="episode-details__meta svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--meta svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div></div></div> </section> <section class="sub-container svelte-4y8aap lockup-has-artwork uses-wide-layout"><div class="episode-block svelte-4y8aap"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--duration svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div> <div class="episode-duration-container svelte-4y8aap"><div class="duration svelte-rzxh9h duration--alt" data-testid="episode-duration"><div class="progress-bar svelte-rzxh9h"></div> <div class="progress-time svelte-rzxh9h">28 min</div> </div></div> <div class="cloud-buttons-wrapper svelte-4y8aap"><div class="cloud-buttons svelte-1k199x4" data-testid="cloud-buttons"><div class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-1k199x4"><div slot="override-save-button" class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-4y8aap"></div></div> <amp-contextual-menu-button config="[object Object]" class="svelte-aofnlv"> <span aria-label="MORE" class="more-button svelte-aofnlv more-button--non-platter" data-testid="more-button" slot="trigger-content"><svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28" class="glyph" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle fill="var(--iconCircleFill, transparent)" cx="14" cy="14" r="14"></circle><path fill="var(--iconEllipsisFill, white)" d="M10.105 14c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.564-1.55-.862 0-1.557.695-1.557 1.55 0 .848.695 1.55 1.557 1.55.855 0 1.564-.702 1.564-1.55zm5.437 0c0-.87-.68-1.55-1.542-1.55A1.55 1.55 0 0012.45 14c0 .848.695 1.55 1.55 1.55.848 0 1.542-.702 1.542-1.55zm5.474 0c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.557-1.55-.87 0-1.564.695-1.564 1.55 0 .848.694 1.55 1.564 1.55.848 0 1.557-.702 1.557-1.55z"></path></svg></span> </amp-contextual-menu-button> </div></div></div></section></div></div></a> </div> </li><li class="svelte-8rlk6b"><div class="episode svelte-zoxxje"> <a data-testid="click-action" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-back-of-the-class-looking-at-240-4-reachability/id1591549361?i=1000673350717" class="link-action svelte-1wtdvjb"> <div data-testid="episode-wrapper" class="episode-wrapper svelte-zoxxje uses-wide-layout"> <div class="episode-details-container svelte-zoxxje"><section class="episode-details-container svelte-5dvoy6 episode-details-container--wide-layout" data-testid="episode-content"><div class="episode-details svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="episode-details__eyebrow svelte-5dvoy6"> <p class="episode-details__published-date svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-details__published-date">OCT 16</p> </div> <div class="episode-details__title svelte-5dvoy6"> <h3 class="episode-details__title-wrapper svelte-5dvoy6" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 3;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"><span class="episode-details__title-text" data-testid="episode-lockup-title">The back of the class: looking at 240/4 reachability</span></span> </div></h3> </div> <p class="episode-details__summary svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-content__summary" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 1;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa">In his regular monthly spot on PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist, Geoff Huston (https://blog.apnic.net/author/geoff-huston/), discusses a large pool of IPv4 addresses left in the IANA registry, from the classful allocation days back in the mid 1980s. This block, from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 encompasses 268 million hosts, which is a significant chunk of address space: it's equivalent to 16 class-A blocks, each of 16 million hosts. Seems a shame to waste it, how about we get this back into use?Back in 2007 Geoff Paul and myself submitted An IETF Draft (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-wilson-class-e/history/) which would have removed these addresses from the "reserved" status in IANA and used to supplement the RFC1918 private use block. We felt at the time this was the best use of these addresses because of their apparent un-routability, in the global internet. Almost all IP network stacks at that time shared a lineage with the BSD network code developed at the University of California, and released in 1983 as BSD4.2. Subsequent versions of this codebase included a 2 or 3 line rule inside the Kernel which checked the top 4 bits of the 32 bit address field, and refused to forward packets which had these 4 bits set. This reflected the IANA status marking this range as reserved. The draft did not achieve consensus.A more recent proposal has emerged (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-schoen-intarea-unicast-240/) from Seth Schoen, David Täht and John Gilmore in 2021 which continues to be worked on, but rather than assigning to RFC1918 internal non-routable puts the address into global unicast use. The authors believe that the critical filter in devices has now been lifted, and no longer persists at large in the BSD and Linux derived codebases. This echoes use of the address space which has been noted inside the Datacentre.Geoff has been measuring reachability at large to this address space, using the APNIC Labs measurement system and a prefix in 240.0.0.0/4 temporarily assigned and routed in BGP. The results were not encouraging, and Geoff thinks routability of the range remains a very high burden.Read more about 240/4 in the APNIC Blog, and the IETF Datatracker website:* Looking for 240/4 addresses (https://blog.apnic.net/2024/09/10/looking-for-240-4-addresses/) (Geoff Huston, APNIC Blog September 2024)* Re-delegation of 240/4 from "future use" to "private use" (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-wilson-class-e/) (expired IETF draft, 2008)* Unicast use of the formerly reserved 240/4 (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-schoen-intarea-unicast-240/00/) (active IETF draft, 2024)</span> </div></p> <div class="episode-details__meta svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--meta svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div></div></div> </section> <section class="sub-container svelte-4y8aap lockup-has-artwork uses-wide-layout"><div class="episode-block svelte-4y8aap"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--duration svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div> <div class="episode-duration-container svelte-4y8aap"><div class="duration svelte-rzxh9h duration--alt" data-testid="episode-duration"><div class="progress-bar svelte-rzxh9h"></div> <div class="progress-time svelte-rzxh9h">1h 9m</div> </div></div> <div class="cloud-buttons-wrapper svelte-4y8aap"><div class="cloud-buttons svelte-1k199x4" data-testid="cloud-buttons"><div class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-1k199x4"><div slot="override-save-button" class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-4y8aap"></div></div> <amp-contextual-menu-button config="[object Object]" class="svelte-aofnlv"> <span aria-label="MORE" class="more-button svelte-aofnlv more-button--non-platter" data-testid="more-button" slot="trigger-content"><svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28" class="glyph" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle fill="var(--iconCircleFill, transparent)" cx="14" cy="14" r="14"></circle><path fill="var(--iconEllipsisFill, white)" d="M10.105 14c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.564-1.55-.862 0-1.557.695-1.557 1.55 0 .848.695 1.55 1.557 1.55.855 0 1.564-.702 1.564-1.55zm5.437 0c0-.87-.68-1.55-1.542-1.55A1.55 1.55 0 0012.45 14c0 .848.695 1.55 1.55 1.55.848 0 1.542-.702 1.542-1.55zm5.474 0c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.557-1.55-.87 0-1.564.695-1.564 1.55 0 .848.694 1.55 1.564 1.55.848 0 1.557-.702 1.557-1.55z"></path></svg></span> </amp-contextual-menu-button> </div></div></div></section></div></div></a> </div> </li><li class="svelte-8rlk6b"><div class="episode svelte-zoxxje"> <a data-testid="click-action" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/focusing-purely-on-technology-limits-the/id1591549361?i=1000671592391" class="link-action svelte-1wtdvjb"> <div data-testid="episode-wrapper" class="episode-wrapper svelte-zoxxje uses-wide-layout"> <div class="episode-details-container svelte-zoxxje"><section class="episode-details-container svelte-5dvoy6 episode-details-container--wide-layout" data-testid="episode-content"><div class="episode-details svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="episode-details__eyebrow svelte-5dvoy6"> <p class="episode-details__published-date svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-details__published-date">OCT 2</p> </div> <div class="episode-details__title svelte-5dvoy6"> <h3 class="episode-details__title-wrapper svelte-5dvoy6" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 3;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"><span class="episode-details__title-text" data-testid="episode-lockup-title">Focusing purely on technology limits the understanding of Internet resilience</span></span> </div></h3> </div> <p class="episode-details__summary svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-content__summary" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 1;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa">In this episode of PING, Nowmay Opalinski (https://blog.apnic.net/author/nowmay-opalinski/) from the French Institute of Geopolitics at Paris 8 University discusses his work on resilience, or rather the lack of it, confronting the Internet in Pakistan.As discussed in his blog post (https://blog.apnic.net/2024/09/17/focusing-on-technology-limits-understanding-of-internet-resilience-pakistan-case-study/), Nowmay and his colleagues at the French Institute of Geopolitics (IFG), University Paris 8 (https://www.univ-paris8.fr/en/ur-centre-de-recherches-et-d-analyses-geopolitiques-ifg-lab-research-unit), and LUMS University Pakistan (https://lums.edu.pk/) used a combination of technical measurement from sources such as RIPE Atlas (https://atlas.ripe.net/), in a methodology devised by the GEODE project, combined with interviews in Pakistan, to explore the reasons behind Pakistan’s comparative fragility in the face of seaborne fibre optical cable connectivity. The approach deliberately combines technical and social-science approaches to exploring the problem space, with quantitative data and qualitative interviews.Located at the head of the Arabian Sea, but with only two points of connectivity into the global Internet, Pakistan has suffered over 22 ‘cuts’ to the service in the last 20 years, However, as Nowmay explores in this episode, there actually are viable fibre connections to India close to Lahore, which are constrained by politics.Nowmay is completing a PhD at the institute, and is a member of the GEODE project (https://geode.science/en/about/). His paper on this study was presented at the 2024 AINTEC conference (https://interlab.ait.ac.th/aintec2024) held in Sydney, as part of ACM SIGCOMM 2024 (https://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2024/).Read more about GEODE, and Nowmay’s work:* The GEODE project (https://geode.science/en/)* Pakistan, a case study (https://blog.apnic.net/2024/09/17/focusing-on-technology-limits-understanding-of-internet-resilience-pakistan-case-study/) in Internet fragility* The Quest for a Resilient Internet Access in a Constrained Geopolitical Environment  (https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3674213.3674220)(AINTEC 2024 Paper)</span> </div></p> <div class="episode-details__meta svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--meta svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div></div></div> </section> <section class="sub-container svelte-4y8aap lockup-has-artwork uses-wide-layout"><div class="episode-block svelte-4y8aap"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--duration svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div> <div class="episode-duration-container svelte-4y8aap"><div class="duration svelte-rzxh9h duration--alt" data-testid="episode-duration"><div class="progress-bar svelte-rzxh9h"></div> <div class="progress-time svelte-rzxh9h">34 min</div> </div></div> <div class="cloud-buttons-wrapper svelte-4y8aap"><div class="cloud-buttons svelte-1k199x4" data-testid="cloud-buttons"><div class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-1k199x4"><div slot="override-save-button" class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-4y8aap"></div></div> <amp-contextual-menu-button config="[object Object]" class="svelte-aofnlv"> <span aria-label="MORE" class="more-button svelte-aofnlv more-button--non-platter" data-testid="more-button" slot="trigger-content"><svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28" class="glyph" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle fill="var(--iconCircleFill, transparent)" cx="14" cy="14" r="14"></circle><path fill="var(--iconEllipsisFill, white)" d="M10.105 14c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.564-1.55-.862 0-1.557.695-1.557 1.55 0 .848.695 1.55 1.557 1.55.855 0 1.564-.702 1.564-1.55zm5.437 0c0-.87-.68-1.55-1.542-1.55A1.55 1.55 0 0012.45 14c0 .848.695 1.55 1.55 1.55.848 0 1.542-.702 1.542-1.55zm5.474 0c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.557-1.55-.87 0-1.564.695-1.564 1.55 0 .848.694 1.55 1.564 1.55.848 0 1.557-.702 1.557-1.55z"></path></svg></span> </amp-contextual-menu-button> </div></div></div></section></div></div></a> </div> </li><li class="svelte-8rlk6b"><div class="episode svelte-zoxxje"> <a data-testid="click-action" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/privacy-and-dns-client-subnet/id1591549361?i=1000669976021" class="link-action svelte-1wtdvjb"> <div data-testid="episode-wrapper" class="episode-wrapper svelte-zoxxje uses-wide-layout"> <div class="episode-details-container svelte-zoxxje"><section class="episode-details-container svelte-5dvoy6 episode-details-container--wide-layout" data-testid="episode-content"><div class="episode-details svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="episode-details__eyebrow svelte-5dvoy6"> <p class="episode-details__published-date svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-details__published-date">SEP 18</p> </div> <div class="episode-details__title svelte-5dvoy6"> <h3 class="episode-details__title-wrapper svelte-5dvoy6" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 3;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"><span class="episode-details__title-text" data-testid="episode-lockup-title">Privacy and DNS Client Subnet</span></span> </div></h3> </div> <p class="episode-details__summary svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-content__summary" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 1;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa">In his regular monthly spot on PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist, Geoff Huston (https://blog.apnic.net/author/geoff-huston/), discusses another use of DNS Extensions: The EDNS0 Client Subnet option (RFC 7871 (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7871)). This feature, though flagged in its RFC as a security concern, can help route traffic based on the source of a DNS query. Without it, relying only on the IP address of the DNS resolver can lead to incorrect geolocation, especially when the resolver is outside your own ISP’s network.The EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) signal can help by encoding the client’s address through the resolver, improving accuracy in traffic routing. However, this comes at the cost of privacy, raising significant security concerns. This creates tension between two conflicting goals: Improving routing efficiency and protecting user privacy.Through the APNIC Labs measurement system (https://labs.apnic.net/measurements/), Geoff can monitor the prevalence of ECS usage in the wild. He also gains insights into how much end-users rely on their ISP’s DNS resolvers versus opting for public DNS resolver systems that are openly available.Read more about EDNS0 and UDP on the APNIC Blog and at APNIC Labs:* Privacy and DNS Client Subnet (Geoff Huston, APNIC Blog July 2024) (https://blog.apnic.net/2024/07/23/privacy-and-dns-client-subnet/)* The use of ECS as measured by APNIC Labs (https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ecs)</span> </div></p> <div class="episode-details__meta svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--meta svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div></div></div> </section> <section class="sub-container svelte-4y8aap lockup-has-artwork uses-wide-layout"><div class="episode-block svelte-4y8aap"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--duration svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div> <div class="episode-duration-container svelte-4y8aap"><div class="duration svelte-rzxh9h duration--alt" data-testid="episode-duration"><div class="progress-bar svelte-rzxh9h"></div> <div class="progress-time svelte-rzxh9h">49 min</div> </div></div> <div class="cloud-buttons-wrapper svelte-4y8aap"><div class="cloud-buttons svelte-1k199x4" data-testid="cloud-buttons"><div class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-1k199x4"><div slot="override-save-button" class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-4y8aap"></div></div> <amp-contextual-menu-button config="[object Object]" class="svelte-aofnlv"> <span aria-label="MORE" class="more-button svelte-aofnlv more-button--non-platter" data-testid="more-button" slot="trigger-content"><svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28" class="glyph" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle fill="var(--iconCircleFill, transparent)" cx="14" cy="14" r="14"></circle><path fill="var(--iconEllipsisFill, white)" d="M10.105 14c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.564-1.55-.862 0-1.557.695-1.557 1.55 0 .848.695 1.55 1.557 1.55.855 0 1.564-.702 1.564-1.55zm5.437 0c0-.87-.68-1.55-1.542-1.55A1.55 1.55 0 0012.45 14c0 .848.695 1.55 1.55 1.55.848 0 1.542-.702 1.542-1.55zm5.474 0c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.557-1.55-.87 0-1.564.695-1.564 1.55 0 .848.694 1.55 1.564 1.55.848 0 1.557-.702 1.557-1.55z"></path></svg></span> </amp-contextual-menu-button> </div></div></div></section></div></div></a> </div> </li><li class="svelte-8rlk6b"><div class="episode svelte-zoxxje"> <a data-testid="click-action" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-apnic-labs-measurement-system/id1591549361?i=1000668386683" class="link-action svelte-1wtdvjb"> <div data-testid="episode-wrapper" class="episode-wrapper svelte-zoxxje uses-wide-layout"> <div class="episode-details-container svelte-zoxxje"><section class="episode-details-container svelte-5dvoy6 episode-details-container--wide-layout" data-testid="episode-content"><div class="episode-details svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="episode-details__eyebrow svelte-5dvoy6"> <p class="episode-details__published-date svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-details__published-date">SEP 4</p> </div> <div class="episode-details__title svelte-5dvoy6"> <h3 class="episode-details__title-wrapper svelte-5dvoy6" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 3;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"><span class="episode-details__title-text" data-testid="episode-lockup-title">The APNIC Labs Measurement System</span></span> </div></h3> </div> <p class="episode-details__summary svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-content__summary" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 1;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa">In this episode of PING, Joao Damas (https://blog.apnic.net/author/joao-luis-silva-damas/) from APNIC Labs explores the mechanics of the Labs measurement system. Commencing over a decade ago, with an "actionscript" (better known as flash) mechanism, backed by a static ISC Bind DNS configuration cycling through a namespace, the Labs advertising measurement system now samples over 15 million end users per day, using Javascript and a hand crafted DNS system which can synthesise DNS names on-the-fly and lead users to varying underlying Internet Protocol transport choices, packet sizes, DNS and DNSSEC parameters in general, along with a range of Internet Routing related experiments.Joao explains how the system works, and the mixture of technologies used to achieve the goals. There's almost no end to the variety of Internet behaviour which the system can measure, as long as it's capable of being teased out of the user in a javascript enabled advert backed by the DNS!* Measurements from APNIC Labs (https://labs.apnic.net/measurements/)* How we measure: RPKI ROA and ROV (https://labs.apnic.net/index.php/2023/11/09/how-we-measure-rpki-roa-signing-and-route-origination-validation/) (2023)* How we measure: DNSSEC Validation (https://labs.apnic.net/index.php/2023/10/30/how-we-measure-dnssec-validation/) (2023)* The APNIC Labs IPv6 Measurement system (https://labs.apnic.net/index.php/2013/05/30/apnic-labs-ipv6-measurement-system/) (2013)</span> </div></p> <div class="episode-details__meta svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--meta svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div></div></div> </section> <section class="sub-container svelte-4y8aap lockup-has-artwork uses-wide-layout"><div class="episode-block svelte-4y8aap"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--duration svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div> <div class="episode-duration-container svelte-4y8aap"><div class="duration svelte-rzxh9h duration--alt" data-testid="episode-duration"><div class="progress-bar svelte-rzxh9h"></div> <div class="progress-time svelte-rzxh9h">34 min</div> </div></div> <div class="cloud-buttons-wrapper svelte-4y8aap"><div class="cloud-buttons svelte-1k199x4" data-testid="cloud-buttons"><div class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-1k199x4"><div slot="override-save-button" class="cloud-buttons__save svelte-4y8aap"></div></div> <amp-contextual-menu-button config="[object Object]" class="svelte-aofnlv"> <span aria-label="MORE" class="more-button svelte-aofnlv more-button--non-platter" data-testid="more-button" slot="trigger-content"><svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28" class="glyph" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle fill="var(--iconCircleFill, transparent)" cx="14" cy="14" r="14"></circle><path fill="var(--iconEllipsisFill, white)" d="M10.105 14c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.564-1.55-.862 0-1.557.695-1.557 1.55 0 .848.695 1.55 1.557 1.55.855 0 1.564-.702 1.564-1.55zm5.437 0c0-.87-.68-1.55-1.542-1.55A1.55 1.55 0 0012.45 14c0 .848.695 1.55 1.55 1.55.848 0 1.542-.702 1.542-1.55zm5.474 0c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.557-1.55-.87 0-1.564.695-1.564 1.55 0 .848.694 1.55 1.564 1.55.848 0 1.557-.702 1.557-1.55z"></path></svg></span> </amp-contextual-menu-button> </div></div></div></section></div></div></a> </div> </li><li class="svelte-8rlk6b"><div class="episode svelte-zoxxje"> <a data-testid="click-action" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/dns-and-udp-truncation/id1591549361?i=1000666169732" class="link-action svelte-1wtdvjb"> <div data-testid="episode-wrapper" class="episode-wrapper svelte-zoxxje uses-wide-layout"> <div class="episode-details-container svelte-zoxxje"><section class="episode-details-container svelte-5dvoy6 episode-details-container--wide-layout" data-testid="episode-content"><div class="episode-details svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="episode-details__eyebrow svelte-5dvoy6"> <p class="episode-details__published-date svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-details__published-date">AUG 21</p> </div> <div class="episode-details__title svelte-5dvoy6"> <h3 class="episode-details__title-wrapper svelte-5dvoy6" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 3;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"><span class="episode-details__title-text" data-testid="episode-lockup-title">DNS and UDP truncation</span></span> </div></h3> </div> <p class="episode-details__summary svelte-5dvoy6" data-testid="episode-content__summary" dir="auto"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 1;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa">In his regular monthly spot on PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston (https://blog.apnic.net/author/Geoff-Huston/) re-visits the question of DNS Extensions, in particular the EDNS0 option signalling maximum UDP packet size accepted, and it’s effect in the modern DNS.Through the APNIC Labs measurement system Geoff has visibility of the success rate for DNS events where EDNS0 signalling triggers DNS “truncation” and the consequent re-query in TCP as well as the impact of UDP fragmentation even inside the agreed limit, as well as the ability to handle the UDP packet sizes proffered in the settings.Read more about EDNS0 and UDP on the APNIC Blog and at APNIC Labs* Revisiting DNS and UDP truncation (https://blog.apnic.net/2024/07/15/revisiting-dns-and-udp-truncation/) (Geoff Huston, APNIC Blog July 2024)* DNS TCP Requery failure rate (https://stats.labs.apnic.net/dnstcp) (APNIC Labs)</span> </div></p> <div class="episode-details__meta svelte-5dvoy6"><div class="play-button-wrapper play-button-wrapper--meta svelte-4y8aap"> <div class="interactive-play-button svelte-ru2n8h" data-testid="interactive-play-button"><button aria-label="Play" class="play-button svelte-1fx4rnm play-button--platter is-stand-alone" data-testid="play-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon play-svg" data-testid="play-icon" iconState="play"><use href="#play-circle-fill"></use></svg> </button> </div></div></div></div> </section> <section 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class="star"><svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M13.559 60.051c1.102.86 2.5.565 4.166-.645l14.218-10.455L46.19 59.406c1.666 1.21 3.037 1.505 4.166.645 1.102-.833 1.344-2.204.672-4.166l-5.618-16.718 14.353-10.32c1.666-1.183 2.338-2.42 1.908-3.764-.43-1.29-1.693-1.935-3.763-1.908l-17.605.108-5.348-16.8C34.308 4.496 33.34 3.5 31.944 3.5c-1.372 0-2.34.995-2.984 2.984L23.61 23.283l-17.605-.108c-2.07-.027-3.333.618-3.763 1.908-.457 1.344.242 2.58 1.909 3.763l14.352 10.321-5.617 16.718c-.672 1.962-.43 3.333.672 4.166Z"></path></svg></div></div> <div class="numbers__star-graph__row__bar svelte-1rwyjxh"><div class="numbers__star-graph__row__bar__foreground svelte-1rwyjxh" style="width: 0%" data-testid="star-row-1"></div></div> </div></div> <div class="numbers__count svelte-1rwyjxh" data-testid="amp-rating__rating-count-text">4 Ratings</div></div> </div> </div></div></div> <div class="section section--reviews svelte-1f64bnu" data-testid="section-container" aria-hidden="false"> <div class="shelf-content" data-testid="shelf-content"> <div class="shelf"><section data-testid="shelf-component" class="shelf-grid shelf-grid--onhover svelte-ygnzwc" style=" --grid-max-content-xsmall: 298px; --grid-column-gap-xsmall: 10px; --grid-row-gap-xsmall: 24px; --grid-small: 2; --grid-column-gap-small: 20px; --grid-row-gap-small: 24px; --grid-medium: 2; --grid-column-gap-medium: 20px; --grid-row-gap-medium: 24px; --grid-large: 3; --grid-column-gap-large: 20px; --grid-row-gap-large: 24px; --grid-xlarge: 3; --grid-column-gap-xlarge: 20px; --grid-row-gap-xlarge: 24px; --grid-type: A; --grid-rows: 1; --standard-lockup-shadow-offset: 15px; "> <div class="shelf-grid__body svelte-ygnzwc" data-testid="shelf-body"> <ul class="shelf-grid__list shelf-grid__list--grid-type-A svelte-ygnzwc" role="list" tabindex="-1" data-testid="shelf-item-list"> <li class="shelf-grid__list-item svelte-ygnzwc" data-index="0"><div slot="item"> <div class="review svelte-ylj6it" aria-labelledby="review-7975085948-title" role="comment" data-testid="amp-review__review"><div class="header svelte-ylj6it"><div class="header-primary svelte-ylj6it"><h3 id="review-7975085948-title" class="title svelte-ylj6it" data-testid="amp-review__title" dir="auto">Excellent and insightful dissection of the Facebook outage</h3> <div class="stars svelte-ylj6it" aria-label="**POTW.Page.Show.Ratings.Review.StarsAria.other**" data-testid="amp-review__rating-stars"><span data-testid="star-filled" class="star svelte-ylj6it"><svg class="star-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M13.559 60.051c1.102.86 2.5.565 4.166-.645l14.218-10.455L46.19 59.406c1.666 1.21 3.037 1.505 4.166.645 1.102-.833 1.344-2.204.672-4.166l-5.618-16.718 14.353-10.32c1.666-1.183 2.338-2.42 1.908-3.764-.43-1.29-1.693-1.935-3.763-1.908l-17.605.108-5.348-16.8C34.308 4.496 33.34 3.5 31.944 3.5c-1.372 0-2.34.995-2.984 2.984L23.61 23.283l-17.605-.108c-2.07-.027-3.333.618-3.763 1.908-.457 1.344.242 2.58 1.909 3.763l14.352 10.321-5.617 16.718c-.672 1.962-.43 3.333.672 4.166Z"></path></svg></span><span data-testid="star-filled" class="star svelte-ylj6it"><svg class="star-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M13.559 60.051c1.102.86 2.5.565 4.166-.645l14.218-10.455L46.19 59.406c1.666 1.21 3.037 1.505 4.166.645 1.102-.833 1.344-2.204.672-4.166l-5.618-16.718 14.353-10.32c1.666-1.183 2.338-2.42 1.908-3.764-.43-1.29-1.693-1.935-3.763-1.908l-17.605.108-5.348-16.8C34.308 4.496 33.34 3.5 31.944 3.5c-1.372 0-2.34.995-2.984 2.984L23.61 23.283l-17.605-.108c-2.07-.027-3.333.618-3.763 1.908-.457 1.344.242 2.58 1.909 3.763l14.352 10.321-5.617 16.718c-.672 1.962-.43 3.333.672 4.166Z"></path></svg></span><span data-testid="star-filled" class="star svelte-ylj6it"><svg class="star-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M13.559 60.051c1.102.86 2.5.565 4.166-.645l14.218-10.455L46.19 59.406c1.666 1.21 3.037 1.505 4.166.645 1.102-.833 1.344-2.204.672-4.166l-5.618-16.718 14.353-10.32c1.666-1.183 2.338-2.42 1.908-3.764-.43-1.29-1.693-1.935-3.763-1.908l-17.605.108-5.348-16.8C34.308 4.496 33.34 3.5 31.944 3.5c-1.372 0-2.34.995-2.984 2.984L23.61 23.283l-17.605-.108c-2.07-.027-3.333.618-3.763 1.908-.457 1.344.242 2.58 1.909 3.763l14.352 10.321-5.617 16.718c-.672 1.962-.43 3.333.672 4.166Z"></path></svg></span><span data-testid="star-filled" class="star svelte-ylj6it"><svg class="star-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M13.559 60.051c1.102.86 2.5.565 4.166-.645l14.218-10.455L46.19 59.406c1.666 1.21 3.037 1.505 4.166.645 1.102-.833 1.344-2.204.672-4.166l-5.618-16.718 14.353-10.32c1.666-1.183 2.338-2.42 1.908-3.764-.43-1.29-1.693-1.935-3.763-1.908l-17.605.108-5.348-16.8C34.308 4.496 33.34 3.5 31.944 3.5c-1.372 0-2.34.995-2.984 2.984L23.61 23.283l-17.605-.108c-2.07-.027-3.333.618-3.763 1.908-.457 1.344.242 2.58 1.909 3.763l14.352 10.321-5.617 16.718c-.672 1.962-.43 3.333.672 4.166Z"></path></svg></span><span data-testid="star-filled" class="star svelte-ylj6it"><svg class="star-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M13.559 60.051c1.102.86 2.5.565 4.166-.645l14.218-10.455L46.19 59.406c1.666 1.21 3.037 1.505 4.166.645 1.102-.833 1.344-2.204.672-4.166l-5.618-16.718 14.353-10.32c1.666-1.183 2.338-2.42 1.908-3.764-.43-1.29-1.693-1.935-3.763-1.908l-17.605.108-5.348-16.8C34.308 4.496 33.34 3.5 31.944 3.5c-1.372 0-2.34.995-2.984 2.984L23.61 23.283l-17.605-.108c-2.07-.027-3.333.618-3.763 1.908-.457 1.344.242 2.58 1.909 3.763l14.352 10.321-5.617 16.718c-.672 1.962-.43 3.333.672 4.166Z"></path></svg></span> </div></div> <div class="header-secondary svelte-ylj6it"><p class="date svelte-ylj6it" data-testid="amp-review__published-at">10/31/2021</p> <p class="author svelte-ylj6it" data-testid="amp-review__author">Symgryph</p></div></div> <div class="content svelte-ylj6it" data-testid="amp-review__text"> <div class="truncate-wrapper svelte-11a24rm"><p data-testid="truncate-text" dir="auto" class="content svelte-11a24rm body" style="--lines: 4; --line-height: var(--lineHeight, 16); --link-length: 4;">This is an excellent discussion of the fab failure.</p> </div> </div> </div></div></li> </ul></div> <div class="shelf-grid-nav svelte-1gsl0lk" data-testid="shelf-grid__nav" aria-hidden="true"><ul class="svelte-1gsl0lk"><li><button aria-label="Next Page" type="button" class="shelf-grid-nav__arrow shelf-grid-nav__arrow--right svelte-1gsl0lk" data-testid="shelf-button-right" style=""></button></li> <li><button disabled aria-label="Previous Page" type="button" class="shelf-grid-nav__arrow shelf-grid-nav__arrow--left svelte-1gsl0lk" data-testid="shelf-button-left" style=""></button></li></ul></div> </section></div></div></div> <div class="section section--paragraph svelte-1f64bnu" data-testid="section-container" aria-label="About" aria-hidden="false"><div class="header svelte-kxxurt"> <div class="header-title-wrapper svelte-kxxurt"> <h2 class="title svelte-kxxurt" data-testid="header-title"><span class="dir-wrapper" dir="auto">About</span></h2> </div> <div slot="buttons" class="section-header-buttons svelte-1f64bnu"></div> </div> <div class="shelf-content" data-testid="shelf-content"> <div data-testid="paragraphs" class="paragraph-wrapper svelte-qxhbtq" dir="auto">PING is a podcast for people who want to look behind the scenes into the workings of the Internet. Each fortnight we will chat with people who have built and are improving the health of the Internet. The views expressed by the featured speakers are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of APNIC. </div></div></div> <div class="section section--information svelte-1f64bnu" data-testid="section-container" aria-label="Information" aria-hidden="false"><div class="header svelte-kxxurt"> <div class="header-title-wrapper svelte-kxxurt"> <h2 class="title svelte-kxxurt" data-testid="header-title"><span class="dir-wrapper" dir="auto">Information</span></h2> </div> <div slot="buttons" class="section-header-buttons svelte-1f64bnu"></div> </div> <div class="shelf-content" data-testid="shelf-content"><ul class="information svelte-677c46" data-testid="information"> <li><div class="title svelte-677c46">Creator</div> <div class="content svelte-677c46" dir="auto">APNIC </div> </li> <li><div class="title svelte-677c46">Years Active</div> <div class="content svelte-677c46" dir="auto">2021 - 2024 </div> </li> <li><div class="title svelte-677c46">Episodes</div> <div class="content 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class="product-lockup__content-details svelte-18go8ze product-lockup__content-details--no-subtitle-link" dir="auto"><div class="product-lockup__title-link svelte-18go8ze product-lockup__title-link--multiline"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow multiline-clamp--with-badge" style="--mc-lineClamp: 2;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"><span data-testid="product-lockup-title" class="product-lockup__title link svelte-18go8ze">Technology</span></span><span class="multiline-clamp__badge svelte-73d2pa"></span> </div> </div> <p data-testid="product-lockup-subtitles" class="product-lockup__subtitle-links svelte-18go8ze product-lockup__subtitle-links--singlet"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 1;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"> <span data-testid="product-lockup-subtitle" class="product-lockup__subtitle svelte-18go8ze">Updated Monthly</span></span> </div></p></div></div> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="shelf-grid__list-item svelte-ygnzwc" data-index="3"><div slot="item"><div class="show svelte-lvqbko"> <div class="product-lockup svelte-18go8ze" aria-label="Risky Business" data-testid="product-lockup"><div class="product-lockup__artwork svelte-18go8ze has-controls" aria-hidden="false"> <div data-testid="artwork-component" class="artwork-component artwork-component--aspect-ratio artwork-component--orientation-square svelte-3e3mdo container-style artwork-component--fullwidth artwork-component--has-borders" style=" --artwork-bg-color: #ffffff; --aspect-ratio: 1; --placeholder-bg-color: #ffffff; "> <picture class="svelte-3e3mdo"><source sizes=" (max-width:999px) 150px,(min-width:1000px) and (max-width:1319px) 220px,(min-width:1320px) and (max-width:1679px) 250px,250px" srcset="https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/150x150bb.webp 150w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/220x220bb.webp 220w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/250x250bb.webp 250w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/300x300bb.webp 300w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/440x440bb.webp 440w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/500x500bb.webp 500w" type="image/webp"> <source sizes=" (max-width:999px) 150px,(min-width:1000px) and (max-width:1319px) 220px,(min-width:1320px) and (max-width:1679px) 250px,250px" srcset="https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/150x150bb-60.jpg 150w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/220x220bb-60.jpg 220w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/250x250bb-60.jpg 250w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/300x300bb-60.jpg 300w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/440x440bb-60.jpg 440w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts113/v4/f8/be/33/f8be3352-b8ef-4b49-0246-d8307935a211/mza_6872775259424368511.jpg/500x500bb-60.jpg 500w" type="image/jpeg"> <img alt="Risky Business" class="artwork-component__contents artwork-component__image svelte-3e3mdo" loading="lazy" src="/assets/artwork/1x1.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" style="opacity: 1;"></picture> </div> <div data-testid="lockup-control" class="product-lockup__controls svelte-18go8ze"><a class="product-lockup__link svelte-18go8ze" data-testid="product-lockup-link" aria-label="Risky Business" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/risky-business/id216478078">Tech News</a> <div data-testid="play-button" class="product-lockup__play-button svelte-18go8ze"></div> <div data-testid="context-button" class="product-lockup__context-button svelte-18go8ze"><div slot="context-button"><amp-contextual-menu-button config="[object Object]" class="svelte-aofnlv"> <span aria-label="MORE" class="more-button svelte-aofnlv more-button--platter more-button--material" data-testid="more-button" slot="trigger-content"><svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28" class="glyph" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle fill="var(--iconCircleFill, transparent)" cx="14" cy="14" r="14"></circle><path fill="var(--iconEllipsisFill, white)" d="M10.105 14c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.564-1.55-.862 0-1.557.695-1.557 1.55 0 .848.695 1.55 1.557 1.55.855 0 1.564-.702 1.564-1.55zm5.437 0c0-.87-.68-1.55-1.542-1.55A1.55 1.55 0 0012.45 14c0 .848.695 1.55 1.55 1.55.848 0 1.542-.702 1.542-1.55zm5.474 0c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.557-1.55-.87 0-1.564.695-1.564 1.55 0 .848.694 1.55 1.564 1.55.848 0 1.557-.702 1.557-1.55z"></path></svg></span> </amp-contextual-menu-button></div></div></div></div> <div class="product-lockup__content svelte-18go8ze"> <div class="product-lockup__content-details svelte-18go8ze product-lockup__content-details--no-subtitle-link" dir="auto"><div class="product-lockup__title-link svelte-18go8ze product-lockup__title-link--multiline"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow multiline-clamp--with-badge" style="--mc-lineClamp: 2;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"><span data-testid="product-lockup-title" class="product-lockup__title link svelte-18go8ze">Tech News</span></span><span class="multiline-clamp__badge svelte-73d2pa"></span> </div> </div> <p data-testid="product-lockup-subtitles" class="product-lockup__subtitle-links svelte-18go8ze product-lockup__subtitle-links--singlet"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 1;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"> <span data-testid="product-lockup-subtitle" class="product-lockup__subtitle svelte-18go8ze">Updated Weekly</span></span> </div></p></div></div> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="shelf-grid__list-item svelte-ygnzwc" data-index="4"><div slot="item"><div class="show svelte-lvqbko"> <div class="product-lockup svelte-18go8ze" aria-label="IPv6 Buzz" data-testid="product-lockup"><div class="product-lockup__artwork svelte-18go8ze has-controls" aria-hidden="false"> <div data-testid="artwork-component" class="artwork-component artwork-component--aspect-ratio artwork-component--orientation-square svelte-3e3mdo container-style artwork-component--fullwidth artwork-component--has-borders" style=" --artwork-bg-color: #ffcf08; --aspect-ratio: 1; --placeholder-bg-color: #ffcf08; "> <picture class="svelte-3e3mdo"><source sizes=" (max-width:999px) 150px,(min-width:1000px) and (max-width:1319px) 220px,(min-width:1320px) and (max-width:1679px) 250px,250px" srcset="https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/150x150bb.webp 150w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/220x220bb.webp 220w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/250x250bb.webp 250w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/300x300bb.webp 300w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/440x440bb.webp 440w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/500x500bb.webp 500w" type="image/webp"> <source sizes=" (max-width:999px) 150px,(min-width:1000px) and (max-width:1319px) 220px,(min-width:1320px) and (max-width:1679px) 250px,250px" srcset="https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/150x150bb-60.jpg 150w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/220x220bb-60.jpg 220w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/250x250bb-60.jpg 250w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/300x300bb-60.jpg 300w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/440x440bb-60.jpg 440w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/92/37/5f/92375f55-c79d-f61b-55ed-3b9331843388/mza_5281114734012765997.jpg/500x500bb-60.jpg 500w" type="image/jpeg"> <img alt="IPv6 Buzz" class="artwork-component__contents artwork-component__image svelte-3e3mdo" loading="lazy" src="/assets/artwork/1x1.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" style="opacity: 1;"></picture> </div> <div data-testid="lockup-control" class="product-lockup__controls svelte-18go8ze"><a class="product-lockup__link svelte-18go8ze" data-testid="product-lockup-link" aria-label="IPv6 Buzz" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ipv6-buzz/id1427803774">Technology</a> <div data-testid="play-button" class="product-lockup__play-button svelte-18go8ze"></div> <div data-testid="context-button" class="product-lockup__context-button svelte-18go8ze"><div slot="context-button"><amp-contextual-menu-button config="[object Object]" class="svelte-aofnlv"> <span aria-label="MORE" class="more-button svelte-aofnlv more-button--platter more-button--material" data-testid="more-button" slot="trigger-content"><svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28" class="glyph" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle fill="var(--iconCircleFill, transparent)" cx="14" cy="14" r="14"></circle><path fill="var(--iconEllipsisFill, white)" d="M10.105 14c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.564-1.55-.862 0-1.557.695-1.557 1.55 0 .848.695 1.55 1.557 1.55.855 0 1.564-.702 1.564-1.55zm5.437 0c0-.87-.68-1.55-1.542-1.55A1.55 1.55 0 0012.45 14c0 .848.695 1.55 1.55 1.55.848 0 1.542-.702 1.542-1.55zm5.474 0c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.557-1.55-.87 0-1.564.695-1.564 1.55 0 .848.694 1.55 1.564 1.55.848 0 1.557-.702 1.557-1.55z"></path></svg></span> </amp-contextual-menu-button></div></div></div></div> <div class="product-lockup__content svelte-18go8ze"> <div class="product-lockup__content-details svelte-18go8ze product-lockup__content-details--no-subtitle-link" dir="auto"><div class="product-lockup__title-link svelte-18go8ze product-lockup__title-link--multiline"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow multiline-clamp--with-badge" style="--mc-lineClamp: 2;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"><span data-testid="product-lockup-title" class="product-lockup__title link svelte-18go8ze">Technology</span></span><span class="multiline-clamp__badge svelte-73d2pa"></span> </div> </div> <p data-testid="product-lockup-subtitles" class="product-lockup__subtitle-links svelte-18go8ze product-lockup__subtitle-links--singlet"><div class="multiline-clamp svelte-73d2pa multiline-clamp--overflow" style="--mc-lineClamp: 1;"> <span class="multiline-clamp__text svelte-73d2pa"> <span data-testid="product-lockup-subtitle" class="product-lockup__subtitle svelte-18go8ze">Updated Semimonthly</span></span> </div></p></div></div> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="shelf-grid__list-item svelte-ygnzwc" data-index="5"><div slot="item"><div class="show svelte-lvqbko"> <div class="product-lockup svelte-18go8ze" aria-label="Malicious Life" data-testid="product-lockup"><div class="product-lockup__artwork svelte-18go8ze has-controls" aria-hidden="false"> <div data-testid="artwork-component" class="artwork-component artwork-component--aspect-ratio artwork-component--orientation-square svelte-3e3mdo container-style artwork-component--fullwidth artwork-component--has-borders" style=" --artwork-bg-color: #000000; --aspect-ratio: 1; --placeholder-bg-color: #000000; "> <picture class="svelte-3e3mdo"><source sizes=" (max-width:999px) 150px,(min-width:1000px) and (max-width:1319px) 220px,(min-width:1320px) and (max-width:1679px) 250px,250px" srcset="https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/150x150bb.webp 150w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/220x220bb.webp 220w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/250x250bb.webp 250w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/300x300bb.webp 300w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/440x440bb.webp 440w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/500x500bb.webp 500w" type="image/webp"> <source sizes=" (max-width:999px) 150px,(min-width:1000px) and (max-width:1319px) 220px,(min-width:1320px) and (max-width:1679px) 250px,250px" srcset="https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/150x150bb-60.jpg 150w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/220x220bb-60.jpg 220w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/250x250bb-60.jpg 250w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/300x300bb-60.jpg 300w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/440x440bb-60.jpg 440w,https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts221/v4/a0/5b/6f/a05b6f8d-c916-b011-e9e0-42a916a53cc2/mza_3678058045250487048.jpg/500x500bb-60.jpg 500w" type="image/jpeg"> <img alt="Malicious Life" class="artwork-component__contents artwork-component__image svelte-3e3mdo" loading="lazy" src="/assets/artwork/1x1.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" style="opacity: 1;"></picture> </div> <div data-testid="lockup-control" class="product-lockup__controls svelte-18go8ze"><a class="product-lockup__link svelte-18go8ze" data-testid="product-lockup-link" aria-label="Malicious Life" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/malicious-life/id1252417787">Technology</a> <div data-testid="play-button" class="product-lockup__play-button svelte-18go8ze"></div> <div data-testid="context-button" class="product-lockup__context-button svelte-18go8ze"><div slot="context-button"><amp-contextual-menu-button config="[object Object]" class="svelte-aofnlv"> <span aria-label="MORE" class="more-button svelte-aofnlv more-button--platter more-button--material" data-testid="more-button" slot="trigger-content"><svg width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28" class="glyph" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle fill="var(--iconCircleFill, transparent)" cx="14" cy="14" r="14"></circle><path fill="var(--iconEllipsisFill, white)" d="M10.105 14c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.564-1.55-.862 0-1.557.695-1.557 1.55 0 .848.695 1.55 1.557 1.55.855 0 1.564-.702 1.564-1.55zm5.437 0c0-.87-.68-1.55-1.542-1.55A1.55 1.55 0 0012.45 14c0 .848.695 1.55 1.55 1.55.848 0 1.542-.702 1.542-1.55zm5.474 0c0-.87-.687-1.55-1.557-1.55-.87 0-1.564.695-1.564 1.55 0 .848.694 1.55 1.564 1.55.848 0 1.557-.702 1.557-1.55z"></path></svg></span> </amp-contextual-menu-button></div></div></div></div> <div class="product-lockup__content svelte-18go8ze"> <div 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class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Kuwait</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/lb/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Lebanon</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/lr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Liberia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ly/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Libya</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Madagascar</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mw/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Malawi</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ml/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Mali</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Mauritania</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mu/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Mauritius</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ma/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Morocco</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Mozambique</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/na/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Namibia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ne/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Niger (English)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ng/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Nigeria</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/om/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Oman</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/qa/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Qatar</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/cg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Congo, Republic of</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/rw/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Rwanda</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sa/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Saudi Arabia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Senegal</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sc/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Seychelles</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sl/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Sierra Leone</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/za/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>South Africa</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/lk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Sri Lanka</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tj/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Tajikistan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Tanzania, United Republic Of</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Tunisia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Turkmenistan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ae/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>United Arab Emirates</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ug/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Uganda</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ye/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Yemen</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/zm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Zambia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/zw/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Zimbabwe</span></a> </li> </ul><div class="region-header svelte-vqg5px"><h2 class="svelte-vqg5px">Asia Pacific</h2> <button slot="button" class="see-all-button svelte-1gg2msz">See All </button></div> <ul class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/au/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Australia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bt/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bhutan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/kh/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Cambodia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/cn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>中国大陆</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/fj/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Fiji</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/hk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>香港</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/id/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Indonesia (English)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/jp/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>日本</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/kz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Kazakhstan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/kr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>대한민국</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/kg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Kyrgyzstan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/la/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Lao People's Democratic Republic</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mo/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>澳門</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/my/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Malaysia (English)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mv/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Maldives</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/fm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Micronesia, Federated States of</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Mongolia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Myanmar</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/np/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Nepal</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/nz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>New Zealand</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/pg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Papua New Guinea</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ph/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Philippines</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Singapore</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sb/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Solomon Islands</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tw/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>台灣</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/th/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Thailand</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/to/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Tonga</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Turkmenistan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/uz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Uzbekistan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/vu/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Vanuatu</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/vn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Vietnam</span></a> </li> </ul><div class="region-header svelte-vqg5px"><h2 class="svelte-vqg5px">Europe</h2> <button slot="button" class="see-all-button svelte-1gg2msz">See All </button></div> <ul class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/am/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Armenia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/at/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Österreich</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/by/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Belarus</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/be/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Belgium</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ba/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bosnia and Herzegovina</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bulgaria</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/hr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Croatia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/cy/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Cyprus</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/cz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Czechia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/dk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Denmark</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ee/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Estonia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/fi/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Finland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/fr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>France (Français)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ge/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Georgia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/de/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Deutschland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/gr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Greece</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/hu/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Hungary</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/is/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Iceland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ie/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Ireland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/it/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Italia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/xk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Kosovo</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/lv/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Latvia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/lt/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Lithuania</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/lu/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Luxembourg (English)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mt/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Malta</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/md/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Moldova, Republic Of</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/me/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Montenegro</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/nl/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Nederland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>North Macedonia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/no/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Norway</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/pl/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Poland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/pt/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Portugal (Português)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ro/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Romania</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ru/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Россия</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/rs/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Serbia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Slovakia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/si/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Slovenia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/es/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>España</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/se/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Sverige</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ch/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Schweiz</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Türkiye (English)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ua/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Ukraine</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/gb/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>United Kingdom</span></a> </li> </ul><div class="region-header svelte-vqg5px"><h2 class="svelte-vqg5px">Latin America and the Caribbean</h2> <button slot="button" class="see-all-button svelte-1gg2msz">See All </button></div> <ul class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ai/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Anguilla</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ag/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Antigua and Barbuda</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ar/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Argentina (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bs/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bahamas</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bb/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Barbados</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Belize</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bermuda</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bo/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bolivia (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/br/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Brasil</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/vg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Virgin Islands, British</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ky/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Cayman Islands</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/cl/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Chile (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/co/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Colombia (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/cr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Costa Rica (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/dm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Dominica</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/do/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>República Dominicana</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ec/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Ecuador (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sv/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>El Salvador (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/gd/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Grenada</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/gt/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Guatemala (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/gy/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Guyana</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/hn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Honduras (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/jm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Jamaica</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mx/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>México</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ms/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Montserrat</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ni/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Nicaragua (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/pa/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Panamá</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/py/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" 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class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Senegal</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sc/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Seychelles</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sl/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Sierra Leone</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/za/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>South Africa</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/lk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Sri Lanka</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tj/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Tajikistan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Tanzania, United Republic Of</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Tunisia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Turkmenistan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ae/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>United Arab Emirates</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ug/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Uganda</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ye/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Yemen</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/zm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Zambia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/zw/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Zimbabwe</span></a> </li> </ul><div class="region-header svelte-vqg5px"><h2 class="svelte-vqg5px">Asia Pacific</h2> <button slot="button" class="see-all-button svelte-1gg2msz">See All </button></div> <ul class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/au/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Australia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bt/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bhutan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/kh/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Cambodia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/cn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>中国大陆</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/fj/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Fiji</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/hk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>香港</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/id/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Indonesia (English)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/jp/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>日本</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/kz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Kazakhstan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/kr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>대한민국</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/kg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Kyrgyzstan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/la/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Lao People's Democratic Republic</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mo/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>澳門</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/my/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Malaysia (English)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mv/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Maldives</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/fm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Micronesia, Federated States of</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Mongolia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Myanmar</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/np/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Nepal</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/nz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>New Zealand</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/pg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Papua New Guinea</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ph/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Philippines</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Singapore</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sb/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Solomon Islands</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tw/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>台灣</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/th/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Thailand</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/to/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Tonga</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Turkmenistan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/uz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Uzbekistan</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/vu/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Vanuatu</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/vn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Vietnam</span></a> </li> </ul><div class="region-header svelte-vqg5px"><h2 class="svelte-vqg5px">Europe</h2> <button slot="button" class="see-all-button svelte-1gg2msz">See All </button></div> <ul class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/am/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Armenia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/at/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Österreich</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/by/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Belarus</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/be/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Belgium</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ba/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bosnia and Herzegovina</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bulgaria</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/hr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Croatia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/cy/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Cyprus</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/cz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Czechia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/dk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Denmark</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ee/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Estonia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/fi/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Finland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/fr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>France (Français)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ge/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Georgia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/de/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Deutschland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/gr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Greece</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/hu/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Hungary</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/is/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Iceland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ie/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Ireland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/it/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Italia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/xk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Kosovo</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/lv/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Latvia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/lt/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Lithuania</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/lu/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Luxembourg (English)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mt/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Malta</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/md/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Moldova, Republic Of</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/me/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Montenegro</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/nl/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Nederland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>North Macedonia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/no/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Norway</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/pl/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Poland</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/pt/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Portugal (Português)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ro/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Romania</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ru/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Россия</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/rs/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Serbia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sk/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Slovakia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/si/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Slovenia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/es/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>España</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/se/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Sverige</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ch/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Schweiz</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/tr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Türkiye (English)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ua/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Ukraine</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/gb/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>United Kingdom</span></a> </li> </ul><div class="region-header svelte-vqg5px"><h2 class="svelte-vqg5px">Latin America and the Caribbean</h2> <button slot="button" class="see-all-button svelte-1gg2msz">See All </button></div> <ul class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ai/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Anguilla</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ag/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Antigua and Barbuda</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ar/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Argentina (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bs/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bahamas</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bb/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Barbados</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bz/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Belize</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bermuda</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/bo/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Bolivia (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/br/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Brasil</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/vg/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Virgin Islands, British</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ky/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Cayman Islands</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/cl/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Chile (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/co/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Colombia (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/cr/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Costa Rica (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/dm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Dominica</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/do/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>República Dominicana</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ec/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Ecuador (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/sv/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>El Salvador (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/gd/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Grenada</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/gt/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Guatemala (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/gy/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Guyana</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/hn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Honduras (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/jm/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Jamaica</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/mx/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>México</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ms/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Montserrat</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/ni/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Nicaragua (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/pa/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Panamá</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/py/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Paraguay (Español)</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/pe/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Perú</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/kn/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>St. Kitts and Nevis</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/lc/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>Saint Lucia</span></a> </li><li class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><a href="/vc/browse" data-testid="region-list-link" class="svelte-1uxhjdt"><span>St. 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time on PING, Peter Thomassen (https://github.com/peterthomassen) from SSE (https://www.securesystems.de/) and DEsec.io (https://desec.io/) discusses his analysis of the failure modes of CDS and CDNSKEY records between parent and child in the DNS. These records are used to provide in-band signalling of the DS record, fundamental to the maintenance of a secure path from the trust anchor to the delegation through all the intermediate parent and grandparent domains. Many people use out-of-band methods to update this DS information, but the CDS and the CDNSKEY records are designed to signal this critical information inside the DNS, avoiding many of the pitfalls of passing through a registry-registrar web service.The problem is, as Peter has discovered, the information across the various nameservers (denoted by the NS record in the DNS) of the child domain can get out of alignment, and the tests a parent zone need to do checking CDS and CDNSKEY information aren't sufficiently specified to wire down this risk.Peter performed a \"meta analysis\" inside a far larger cohort of DNS data captured by Florian Steurer and Tobias Fiebig at the Max Planck Institute and discovered a low but persisting error rate, a drift in the critical keying information between a zones NS and the parent. Some of these related to transitional states in the DNS (such as when you move registry or DNS provider) but by no means all, and this has motivated Peter and his co-authors to look at improved recommendations for managing CDS/CDNSKEY data, to minimise the risk of inconsistency, and the consequent loss of secure entry path to a domain name.Read more about DNSSEC delegation at the APNIC Blog, and the IETF:* Authenticated bootstrapping of DNSSEC delegations (https://blog.apnic.net/2022/03/08/authenticated-bootstrapping-of-dnssec-delegations/) (NIls Wisiol, APNIC Blog March 2022)* Measurement of CDS/CDNSKEY inconsistencies (https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/119/materials/slides-119-dnsop-measurement-of-cdscdnskey-inconsistencies-01) (IETF119 Presentation, March 2024)* Generalised DNS NOTIFY (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-dnsop-generalized-notify/) (IETF 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his regular monthly spot on PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston (https://blog.apnic.net/author/geoff-huston/) discusses the slowdown in worldwide IPv6 uptake. Although within the Asia-Pacific footprint we have some truly remarkable national statistics, such as India which is now over 80% IPv6 enabled (https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/IN)by APNIC Labs measurements, And Vietnam which is not far behind on 70% (https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/VN) the problem is that worldwide, adjusted for population and considering levels of internet penetration in the developed economies, the pace of uptake overall has not improved and has been essentially linear since 2016 (https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/XA). In some economies like the US, a natural peak of around 50% capability was reached in 2017 (https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/US) and since then uptake has been essentially flat: There is no sign of closure to a global deployment in the US, and many other economies.Geoff takes a high level view of the logisitic supply curve with the early adopters, early and late majority, and laggards, and sees no clear signal that there is a visible endpoint, where a transition to IPv6 will be \"done\". Instead we're facing a continual dual-stack operation of both IPv4 (increasingly behind Carrier Grade Nats (CGN) deployed inside the ISP) and IPv6.There are success stories in mobile (such as seen in India) and in broadband with central management of the customer router. 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this episode of PING, Vanessa Fernandez and Kavya Bhat, two students from the National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) (https://www.nitk.ac.in/) discuss the student led, multi-year project to deploy IPv6 at their campus. Kavya & Vanessa have just graduated, and are moving into their next stages of work and study in computer sciences and network engineering.Across 2023 and 2024 they were able to attend IETF118 and IETF119 and present on their project and it’s experiences to the IPv6 working groups and off-Working Group meetings, in part funded by the APNIC ISIF Project and the APNIC Foundation.This multi-year project is supervised by the NITK Centre for Open-source Software and Hardware (COSH) and has outside review from Dhruv Dhody (ISOC) and Nalini Elkins (Inside Products inc). Former students have also acted as alumni and remain involved in the project as it progresses.We often focus on IPv6 deployment at scale in the telco sector, or experiences with small deployments in labs, but another side of the IPv6 experience is the large campus network, in scale equivalent to a significant factory or government department deployment but in this case undertaken by volunteer staff, with little or no prior experience of networking technology. Vanessa and Kavya talk about their time on the project, and what they got to present at IETF.Read more information on the NITK and their IPv6 deployment project on the APNIC Blog, the IETF website and the APNIC Foundation pages:* Migrating the NITK Surathkal Campus Network to IPv6 (https://apnic.foundation/projects/migrating-nitk-surathkal-campus-network-to-ipv6/) (APNIC Foundation)* How Deploying IPv6 at NITK Led me to IETF (https://blog.apnic.net/2024/07/08/how-deploying-ipv6-at-nitk-led-me-to-ietf/) (Vanessa Fernandez, APNIC Blog)* IPv6 Deployment at NITK (https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/118/materials/slides-118-v6ops-ipv6-deployment-at-nitk-00) (IETF118 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his regular monthly spot on PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist, Geoff Huston (https://blog.apnic.net/author/geoff-huston/), discusses a large pool of IPv4 addresses left in the IANA registry, from the classful allocation days back in the mid 1980s. This block, from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 encompasses 268 million hosts, which is a significant chunk of address space: it's equivalent to 16 class-A blocks, each of 16 million hosts. Seems a shame to waste it, how about we get this back into use?Back in 2007 Geoff Paul and myself submitted An IETF Draft (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-wilson-class-e/history/) which would have removed these addresses from the \"reserved\" status in IANA and used to supplement the RFC1918 private use block. We felt at the time this was the best use of these addresses because of their apparent un-routability, in the global internet. Almost all IP network stacks at that time shared a lineage with the BSD network code developed at the University of California, and released in 1983 as BSD4.2. Subsequent versions of this codebase included a 2 or 3 line rule inside the Kernel which checked the top 4 bits of the 32 bit address field, and refused to forward packets which had these 4 bits set. This reflected the IANA status marking this range as reserved. The draft did not achieve consensus.A more recent proposal has emerged (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-schoen-intarea-unicast-240/) from Seth Schoen, David Täht and John Gilmore in 2021 which continues to be worked on, but rather than assigning to RFC1918 internal non-routable puts the address into global unicast use. The authors believe that the critical filter in devices has now been lifted, and no longer persists at large in the BSD and Linux derived codebases. This echoes use of the address space which has been noted inside the Datacentre.Geoff has been measuring reachability at large to this address space, using the APNIC Labs measurement system and a prefix in 240.0.0.0/4 temporarily assigned and routed in BGP. The results were not encouraging, and Geoff thinks routability of the range remains a very high burden.Read more about 240/4 in the APNIC Blog, and the IETF Datatracker website:* Looking for 240/4 addresses (https://blog.apnic.net/2024/09/10/looking-for-240-4-addresses/) (Geoff Huston, APNIC Blog September 2024)* Re-delegation of 240/4 from \"future use\" to \"private use\" (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-wilson-class-e/) (expired IETF draft, 2008)* Unicast use of the formerly reserved 240/4 (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-schoen-intarea-unicast-240/00/) (active IETF draft, 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this episode of PING, Nowmay Opalinski (https://blog.apnic.net/author/nowmay-opalinski/) from the French Institute of Geopolitics at Paris 8 University discusses his work on resilience, or rather the lack of it, confronting the Internet in Pakistan.As discussed in his blog post (https://blog.apnic.net/2024/09/17/focusing-on-technology-limits-understanding-of-internet-resilience-pakistan-case-study/), Nowmay and his colleagues at the French Institute of Geopolitics (IFG), University Paris 8 (https://www.univ-paris8.fr/en/ur-centre-de-recherches-et-d-analyses-geopolitiques-ifg-lab-research-unit), and LUMS University Pakistan (https://lums.edu.pk/) used a combination of technical measurement from sources such as RIPE Atlas (https://atlas.ripe.net/), in a methodology devised by the GEODE project, combined with interviews in Pakistan, to explore the reasons behind Pakistan’s comparative fragility in the face of seaborne fibre optical cable connectivity. The approach deliberately combines technical and social-science approaches to exploring the problem space, with quantitative data and qualitative interviews.Located at the head of the Arabian Sea, but with only two points of connectivity into the global Internet, Pakistan has suffered over 22 ‘cuts’ to the service in the last 20 years, However, as Nowmay explores in this episode, there actually are viable fibre connections to India close to Lahore, which are constrained by politics.Nowmay is completing a PhD at the institute, and is a member of the GEODE project (https://geode.science/en/about/). His paper on this study was presented at the 2024 AINTEC conference (https://interlab.ait.ac.th/aintec2024) held in Sydney, as part of ACM SIGCOMM 2024 (https://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2024/).Read more about GEODE, and Nowmay’s work:* The GEODE project (https://geode.science/en/)* Pakistan, a case study (https://blog.apnic.net/2024/09/17/focusing-on-technology-limits-understanding-of-internet-resilience-pakistan-case-study/) in Internet fragility* The Quest for a Resilient Internet Access in a Constrained Geopolitical Environment (https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3674213.3674220)(AINTEC 2024 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This feature, though flagged in its RFC as a security concern, can help route traffic based on the source of a DNS query. Without it, relying only on the IP address of the DNS resolver can lead to incorrect geolocation, especially when the resolver is outside your own ISP’s network.The EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) signal can help by encoding the client’s address through the resolver, improving accuracy in traffic routing. However, this comes at the cost of privacy, raising significant security concerns. This creates tension between two conflicting goals: Improving routing efficiency and protecting user privacy.Through the APNIC Labs measurement system (https://labs.apnic.net/measurements/), Geoff can monitor the prevalence of ECS usage in the wild. 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Commencing over a decade ago, with an \"actionscript\" (better known as flash) mechanism, backed by a static ISC Bind DNS configuration cycling thr.","duration":"PT33M45S","genre":["Tech News"],"name":"The APNIC Labs Measurement System","offers":[{"@type":"Offer","category":"free","price":0}],"requiresSubscription":"no","uploadDate":"2024-09-04","url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-apnic-labs-measurement-system/id1591549361?i=1000668386683","thumbnailUrl":"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/1200x1200bf.webp"},{"@type":"AudioObject","datePublished":"2024-08-21","description":"In his regular monthly spot on PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston re-visits the question of DNS Extensions, in particular the EDNS0 option signalling maximum UDP packet size accepted, and it’s effect in the modern DNS.","duration":"PT54M51S","genre":["Tech News"],"name":"DNS and UDP truncation","offers":[{"@type":"Offer","category":"free","price":0}],"requiresSubscription":"no","uploadDate":"2024-08-21","url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/dns-and-udp-truncation/id1591549361?i=1000666169732","thumbnailUrl":"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/1200x1200bf.webp"},{"@type":"AudioObject","datePublished":"2024-08-07","description":"In this episode of PING, Caspar Schutijser and Ralph Koning from SIDN Labs in the Netherlands discuss their post-quantum testbed project. 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Its eMail.“Short podcast” you say, but no, there’s a wealth of war-stories and “why","duration":"PT38M2S","genre":["Tech News"],"name":"The check is in the (e)Mail(s)","offers":[{"@type":"Offer","category":"free","price":0}],"requiresSubscription":"no","uploadDate":"2024-06-12","url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-check-is-in-the-e-mail-s/id1591549361?i=1000658810348","thumbnailUrl":"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/1200x1200bf.webp"},{"@type":"AudioObject","datePublished":"2024-05-29","description":"In his regular monthly spot on PING, APNIC’s Chief Scientist Geoff Huston discusses the question of subnet structure, looking into the APNIC Labs measurement data which collects around 8 million discrete IPv6 addresses per day, worldwide.","duration":"PT1H1M36S","genre":["Tech News"],"name":"We don't need subnets any more","offers":[{"@type":"Offer","category":"free","price":0}],"requiresSubscription":"no","uploadDate":"2024-05-29","url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/we-dont-need-subnets-any-more/id1591549361?i=1000657200102","thumbnailUrl":"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/1200x1200bf.webp"},{"@type":"AudioObject","datePublished":"2024-05-15","description":"This time on PING Doug Madory from Kentik discusses his recent measurements of the RPKI system worldwide, and it's visible impact on the stability and security of BGP.Doug makes significant use of the Oregon RouteViews repository of BGP data,","duration":"PT30M19S","genre":["Tech News"],"name":"Measuring RPKI and BGP with Oregon RouteViews","offers":[{"@type":"Offer","category":"free","price":0}],"requiresSubscription":"no","uploadDate":"2024-05-15","url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/measuring-rpki-and-bgp-with-oregon-routeviews/id1591549361?i=1000655704851","thumbnailUrl":"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Podcasts126/v4/16/a3/97/16a397cc-90eb-7347-3cf8-ed3287c5c8a1/mza_11790339641350512172.jpg/1200x1200bf.webp"}]}},"url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ping/id1591549361"}}]</script> </div> </body> </html>